Soil stomatal plant cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

1980). Stomatal closure is considered to be the earliest response to drought (Flexas & Medrano, 2002) and other environmental stressors, and is a limitation to photosynthesis. (uib.no)
2018). Stomatal conductance influences both photosynthesis and transpiration, exerting major control on carbon and water cycling, and energy exchange from leaf to landscape level as well as between the Earth's surface and atmosphere. (uib.no)
This affects photosynthesis mainly through a reduction in leaf area, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance. (bioag.com.au)
Impaired stomatal activity results in poor control over gas exchange, impairing photosynthesis and water control, making plants more susceptible to stresses from drought, frost, water uptake, and soil salinity. (pda.org.uk)
However, photosynthesis increased by a factor of 1.5 if C i /C a decreased linearly with D as derived from Leuning stomatal conductance formulation [R. Leuning. (princeton.edu)
Data were collected on the cowpea yield, Leaf Temperature (LT), Chlorophyll (C), Photosynthesis (P), Stomatal Conductance (SC) and Canopy Transpiration Rate (CTR). (updatepublishing.com)
Drought first causes stomatal closure, reducing CO 2 uptake for photosynthesis, reducing plant growth and yield. (fruitandveggie.com)
Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationship in leaves of C3 plants. (uptc.edu.co)
1994. Nitrogen and irradiance levels affecting net photosynthesis and growth of young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.). J. Hort. (uptc.edu.co)
Photosynthesis serves as the foundation for plant growth. (stationzilla.com)
Water stress reduces leaf water potential and stomatal opening, reducing photosynthesis-related genes and CO2 availability. (stationzilla.com)
Severe water stress stops photosynthesis, disrupts metabolism, and kills plants. (stationzilla.com)
Water helps plants keep their cells from drying out and moves nutrients and raw materials to photosynthesis and seed production sites. (stationzilla.com)
Plants create food through photosynthesis. (stationzilla.com)
If photosynthesis stops completely, plants may yellow. (stationzilla.com)
Fast" process, such as photosynthesis, respiration and stomatal regulation are implemented on a time step of one day (or one month, interpolating between output values for adjacent months to obtain a value for each day). (lu.se)

High VPD decreased stomatal conductance (gs) but increased transpiration rate (Tr). (au.dk)

The ability of a plant to regulate stomatal opening in response to environmental conditions enables it to modulate the rate of transpiration while maintaining carbon uptake (Cowan 1977, Farquhar et al. (uib.no)
Major limitations in current knowledge exist in several areas: (1) Modelling of ozone transfer and specifically stomatal ozone uptake under variable environmental conditions, using robust and well-validated dynamic models that can be linked to large-scale photochemical models lack coverage. (usda.gov)
Soil salinity also impacts a plants ability to access other nutrients within soils, and significantly reduces a plants phosphorus (P) uptake. (bioag.com.au)
Synergistic Effects of Elevated CO2 and Fertilization on Net CO 2 Uptake and Growth of the CAM Plant Hylocereus undatus. (agri.gov.il)
Solute concentrations were increased, lowering osmotic potential, to induce uptake of water from drying soils. (fruitandveggie.com)
Root water uptake by vegetation is determined by the difference in the total water potential between soil and root xylem (Steudle & Peterson, 1998). (uib.no)
Potassium is necessary for cell division, and the nutrient uptake remains high till harvest. (felixinstruments.com)

Using Arabidopsis thaliana , we show guard cell GABA production is necessary and sufficient to reduce stomatal opening and transpirational water loss, which improves water use efficiency and drought tolerance, via negative regulation of a stomatal guard cell tonoplast-localised anion transporter. (nature.com)
Stomatal conductance is a primary determinant of the net carbon balance and growth of plant species, and, because of its influence on transpirational water loss, stomatal conductance determines the water balance of a plant. (isa-arbor.com)
To alleviate the damage by water deficiency, plants need to limit transpirational water loss by inducing stomatal closure. (ashs.org)
Under the water deficit environment, plants synthesize a phytohormone, abscisic acid, which triggers stomatal closure to prevent transpirational water loss ( Beardsell and Cohen, 1975 ). (ashs.org)

Water stress promotes stomatal closure and reduction in CO 2 fixation that may cause over-reduction of the photosynthetic electron chain. (frontiersin.org)
CYCH;1 down-regulation impaired blue light-induced stomatal opening but did not affect guard cell development or abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure. (indexindex.com)
In response to a water deficit, ion and water-transport systems across membranes control guard cell turgor pressure and stimulate stomatal closure. (stationzilla.com)
Osmotic stress induces stomatal closure like the response to water deficit stress. (ashs.org)
These results indicated that osmotic treatment with the high concentration of CaCl 2 caused stomatal closure, resulting in a reduction of water loss and an extension of shelf life under water deficit stress in viola. (ashs.org)
Using this principle, artificially blocking stomata or inducing stomatal closure using antitranspirants could be an efficient method to temporarily reduce water loss and maintain water balance. (ashs.org)

This study highlights a role for GABA metabolism in fine tuning physiology and opens alternative avenues for improving plant stress resilience. (nature.com)
The discovery that the activity of aluminium-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) can be regulated by GABA 18 represents a plausible mechanism by which GABA signals could be transduced in plants, providing a putative-but unproven-novel signalling link between primary metabolism and physiology 19 . (nature.com)
The scientific study of ethylene as a factor in plant physiology started in the late 19th century. (wikipedia.org)
Drought stress often occurs concurrently with heat stress, yet the interacting effect of high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil drying on the physiology of potato plants remains poorly understood. (au.dk)
In grasses, however, they have further evolved with the addition of two subsidiary cells flanking the guard cells-which may be linked to improved stomatal physiology. (doe.gov)
Plant Physiology, 160(4): 1686-97. (blogspot.com)
1986 Exercises In Plant Physiology, AWS Publishers, Boston. (thetowertech.com)
Plant Physiology. (thetowertech.com)
Introduction To Plant Physiology. (thetowertech.com)
Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 10(1), 54-59. (updatepublishing.com)

We find GABA modulation of stomata occurs in multiple plants, including dicot and monocot crops. (nature.com)
When there is water stress caused by an increase in saturated water vapor pressure (VPD) and a decrease in soil water content (SWC), plants tend to close stomata to reduce water loss. (mdpi.com)
Stomatal conductance is a calculation of the influence of stomatal opening on rate of diffusion of CO 2 entering or water vapour exiting through the stomata of a leaf. (uib.no)
Stomata are an important regulatory point for water movement through the soil-plant-air-continuum (van den Honert, 1948) through varying the diffusion resistance. (uib.no)
The conductance of water vapour (i.e. inverse of the diffusion resistance) expresses the regulatory control exerted by stomata through the degree of stomatal opening (Pearcy et al. (uib.no)
The boundary layer conductance depends on whether the leaf has stomata on one or both sides, thus it is important to accurately input the stomatal ratio (i.e. fraction of stomata on one side of the leaf to the other) before taking measurements (see below Installation, field operation, maintenance and interpretation ). (uib.no)
The evolution of adjustable pores, stomata, allows plants to control the amount of CO2 that enters the plant and water that escapes by modifying the stomatal pore size. (doe.gov)
iv) Silicon emulsion over the surface of leaves will block the stomata and hence stomatal and cuticular transpiration will be reduced. (icsehelp.com)
v) Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata. (icsehelp.com)
The stomata are bound by guard cells. (bankofbiology.com)
Effective stomata control is important for plant growth and survival, especially when water supply is limited. (isa-arbor.com)
Also, the CNPs led to an increase in stomatal density (5.2 and 6.6%) while decreasing stomatal aperture size (50 and 25%) and semi-closed stomata (26 and 53%) in leaves. (biomedcentral.com)
In plants, breathing takes place through tiny holes or openings called stomata present under the leaves. (studymaterialkota.com)
Stomata traps air and the exchange of gases takes place inside the plant cells. (studymaterialkota.com)
The opening and closing of the stomata is brought about by the expansion and contraction of the guard cells. (studymaterialkota.com)

Here, we report that CYCH;1, which is localized to the nucleus, positively regulates blue light-induced stomatal opening. (indexindex.com)
Microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that CYCH;1 did not regulate the expression of abscisic acid-responsive genes or light-induced stomatal opening signaling determinants, such as MYB60, MYB61, Hypersensitive to red and blue1, and Protein phosphatase7. (indexindex.com)

This study aimed to investigate the physiological and growth responses of potatoes to progressive soil drying under varied VPDs. (au.dk)
Chapter 3 Biochemistry and cell biology of calcium channels and signaling involved in plant growth and environmental responses. (globalsciencebooks.info)
Tools ♦ For this I use a suite of different tools to study plant functional responses both in the laboratory and in the field. (inra.fr)
Although the effects of soil compaction have been extensively studied, few experiments have examined the involvement of root-to-shoot signaling in mediating plant responses. (isa-arbor.com)
It is therefore possible that a root-sourced signal such as ABA may be involved in plant responses to soil compaction. (isa-arbor.com)
Plants vary in the types and speed of responses to drought conditions, depending on their genetic and ecotypic backgrounds, but a number of drought responsive genes are conserved across plant taxa, especially genes involved in osmotic adjustment, detoxification, and cell communication and signaling. (fruitandveggie.com)
In this way, we evaluated the effects of water deficit progress on AtDREB2A-CA transgenic cotton plant responses, driven by the stress-inducible rd29 promoter. (scirp.org)
Here, we present how altered root traits shown by transgenic plants impacted on physiological acclimation responses when submitted to severe water stress. (scirp.org)
1996. Photoprotection and other responses of plants to high light stress. (uptc.edu.co)
The complex nature of growth regulation under stress has been highlighted in studies of plant responses to soil water deficit at developmental, physiological, and molecular levels. (stationzilla.com)

The results indicated that soil water deficits limited leaf gas exchange and shoot dry matter (DMshoot) of plants while increasing the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaf and xylem, as well as water use efficiency (WUE) across all VPD levels. (au.dk)
A rapid and substantial increase in xylem sap ABA concentration but not leaf ABA concentration was correlated with soil drying in both species. (isa-arbor.com)
The increase in xylem sap ABA concentration observed at high soil bulk density was correlated with reduced stomatal conductance. (isa-arbor.com)
These results suggest that xylem ABA may act as a stress signal in the control of stomatal conductance. (isa-arbor.com)
also reported increases in xylem sap ABA concentrations in plants subjected to mechanical impedance. (isa-arbor.com)
This experiment was designed to examine the relationship among stomatal conductance, xylem sap ABA concentration, and leaf water potential in two species grown in compacted and unwatered soil. (isa-arbor.com)

Plants show stress-specific regulation of transcription that affects their transcriptome under stress conditions. (intechopen.com)
In general terms, different response mechanisms to cope with water stress in presence of ascorbic acid were found in each cultivar, with 'Scarletprince' trees preferentially using proline as compatible solute and 'CaroTiger' trees relying on stomatal regulation. (frontiersin.org)
and Mimusops elengi L. were measured under conditions of soil compaction and drought to investigate the role of ABA in the regulation of stomatal conductance. (isa-arbor.com)
CYCH;1 down-regulation induced the expression of redox homeostasis genes, such as LIPOXYGENASE3 (LOX3), LOX4, ARABIDOPSIS GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE 7 (ATGPX7), EARLY LIGHT-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN1 (ELIP1), and ELIP2, and increased hydrogen peroxide production in guard cells. (indexindex.com)

1980). Under favourable conditions of low evaporative demand and high light, maximum stomatal conductance determines the upper limit of CO 2 assimilation in a leaf. (uib.no)

1989). Environmental signals such as incident light intensity, CO 2 concentration, water availability, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), and leaf temperature affect stomatal aperture (Farquhar et al. (uib.no)
The highest and the lowest stomatal density and aperture size, respectively were observed in the plants treated with CNPs under drought stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Root-sourced signals in response to soil water availability appear to play a key role in regulating stomatal aperture (e.g. (uib.no)

Such water use characteristics in the older culms may inhibit the stomatal conductance and lead to low sap flux density to avoid cavitation and water stress. (ncl.edu.tw)
Maximum stomatal conductance is also a function of stomatal density and size (Drake et al. (uib.no)
2019). Stomatal density measurements may, thus, complement conductance measurements to compare species and when treatments can affect leaf development. (uib.no)
Four-week-old seedlings of tomato were grown in a pot containing autoclaved commercial soil with basil, peppermint and hyssop as a companion plant separately in different density. (scirp.org)
Impact of stomatal density and morphology on water-use efficiency in a changing world. (updatepublishing.com)
1999. Effects of CO2 enrichment, leaf position and clone on stomatal index and epidermal cell density in poplar (Populus). (uptc.edu.co)
This inhibition of the growth of wheat was coupled with a significant increase in total free amino acids, K ions, CAT (catalase), proline, epidermal and cortical thickness, and abaxial stomatal density. (bvsalud.org)

This affects the gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET), subsequently leading to changes in water use efficiency (WUE) and carbon use efficiency (CUE) in plants. (mdpi.com)
Modeling terrestrial carbon and water dynamics across climatic gradients: does plant trait diversity matter? (google.fi)
3) Scaling the effects from the level of individual cells to the whole-plant requires, for instance, a better understanding of the effects of ozone on carbon transport within the plant. (usda.gov)
No matter if it is issues that have appeared with the recent flooding events or pursuing old issues present for some time, heavy metals toxicity and salinity/sodicity can be alleviated or rectified by rebuilding soil fertility and nutrient equilibrium, improving organic/soil carbon content, and soil health. (bioag.com.au)
2005) that simulates three live vegetation pools (leaves, stem, and root) and two dead carbon pools (litter and soil organic carbon) for nine plant functional types (PFTs) as illustrated in Figure 2. (canada.ca)
Like all other living organisms, plants also respire for their survival.They also take in oxygen from the air and give out carbon dioxide. (studymaterialkota.com)
During this process most of the plants use atmospheric oxygen to break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy. (studymaterialkota.com)
During the spinup, the vegetation as well as soil and litter carbon pools accumulate and approach an equilibrium with the climate at the beginning of the subsequent, historical phase of the simulation. (lu.se)

Plants must balance lowering stomatal conductance to conserve water with preventing extreme leaf temperatures which affect metabolic rates and physiological processes (De Boeck et al. (uib.no)
Elevated ROS levels are harmful to plants and may alter the cell's physiological, morphological and metabolic processes. (biomedcentral.com)
The present review discusses the increase in ROS in cotton plants during abiotic stress events and the resulting biochemical and morpho-physiological changes that occur within the plant. (biomedcentral.com)
A better understanding of the morphoanatomical and physiological basis of water stress resistance in plants could be used to select or create new crop varieties with better underwater productivity. (stationzilla.com)

Researches related to plant oxidative stresses have shown excellent potential for the development of stress-tolerant crops. (biomedcentral.com)
The normal balance of defensive mechanisms in plants is disturbed by abiotic stresses (Mullineaux and Baker 2010 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Environmental stresses lead to the excess generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We provide an overview of anti-oxidative defense enzymes involved in the cotton plant for ROS detoxification under various stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
Abiotic stresses in plants turn on antioxidative defense machinery which utilizes either of two pathways, i.e . enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidants, in an attempt to reduce the stress (Mahmood et al. (biomedcentral.com)
In the plants being exposed to environmental stresses, ion channels are likely activated to convert these external stimuli into intracellular signals. (globalsciencebooks.info)
Both stresses reduce the soil water potential and lead to cellular dehydration, resulting in the disruption of homeostasis in the cell ( Bartels and Sunkar, 2005 ). (ashs.org)

The latter include elevated atmospheric CO2, particulate matter, other pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, UV-B radiation, climate and associated soil moisture conditions. (usda.gov)
On the basis of this model and projected shifts in climatic statistics by GCM, we compute the probability distribution of soil moisture and other hydrologic fluxes. (princeton.edu)
Regardless of projected and computed shifts in soil moisture, radiation and mean air temperature, transpiration was not appreciably altered. (princeton.edu)
Pod dry weight was adversely affected due to the lack of moisture, decreasing productivity even of Conquista plants. (scielo.br)
The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two species ( Hopea odorata and Mimusops elengi ), two soil compaction treatments (compacted and noncompacted), and two soil moisture treatments (well watered and at soil water potential ≥ -1.5 MPa). (isa-arbor.com)
Twelve days later, when the seedlings were well established (manifested by the appearance of new leaves), moisture stress was imposed by leaving half of the plants within each species unwatered, while the remaining half were watered daily. (isa-arbor.com)
mulch helps maintain soil moisture. (stationzilla.com)
Whereas soil moisture indicates the amount of water in the soil, the soil water potential provides information on the force with which that water is held by the soil matric forces (soil suction) in addition to chemical forces at play (e.g. salts): in other words how soil water is retained. (uib.no)
Although soil water retention is harder to measure than soil water content, it is essential in dry soils where soil moisture sensors may fail to pick up small changes in soil moisture. (uib.no)
While only small changes in soil moisture occur in dry soil, these reflect a large change in the soil water potential and thus have large consequences for the ability of microbes and vegetation to take up water. (uib.no)

Finding a grass gene impacting stomatal morphology underscores importance of developing mutant gene index. (doe.gov)

Toxicity of heavy metals and salinity can be increased as a result of high rainfalls, flooding or leaching of water through soils which 'washes' out beneficial cations such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) of the topsoil and is a particular concern in sandy soils. (bioag.com.au)
Salinity and sodicity defines the level of sodium (Na) in soils. (bioag.com.au)

The VPD of each greenhouse cell was caused by two air temperature levels (23 and 30 °C) combined with two relative humidity levels (50 and 70%), and the VPD of the field was natural conditions. (au.dk)
High VPD increased the threshold of soil water for Tr began to decrease, while the soil water threshold for gs depended on temperature due to the varied ABA response to temperature. (au.dk)
However, dependence of leaf temperature on stomatal conductance occurs through leaf transpiration. (uib.no)
Many of the ancient potato landraces were adaptations to different environmental conditions such as different soils, temperature, altitude, and drought. (fruitandveggie.com)
2010). The measuring range is between 0 and 2 MPa (1 Pa = 1 Nm -2 ) soil suction with 0.1% full scale accuracy for the pressure sensor and 0 to 40 °C with 0.01 °C accuracy for the temperature sensor. (uib.no)
2007). Comparison under laboratory conditions of a porous matric sensor type with a measurement range of 0.01 to 0.5 MPa soil suction with polymer tensiometers shows good reliability, although possible temperature effects on performance are unknown (Degré et al. (uib.no)

1987. Transfer processes in plant canopies in relation to stomatal characteristics . (blogspot.com)
This subject considers how crop and pasture canopies grow by acquiring resources from the environment, how plants allocate resources to different growth processes, and how management and environment (including climate change) affect plant production in Australia and worldwide. (edu.au)
In this review, we summarized the processes involved in ROS production in response to several types of abiotic stress in cotton plants. (biomedcentral.com)
pH has a strong influence upon the availability of mineral nutrients needed for plant growth and developmental processes. (globalsciencebooks.info)
If water stress is prolonged and/or severe, part of the energy supplied by incident photons may be redirected into processes that favor the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), leading to oxidative damage to plant tissues ( Jiang and Zhang, 2002 ). (frontiersin.org)
Respiration is how plants convert food into energy for system processes. (stationzilla.com)
With low water levels reducing a plants' ability to photosynthesize, its system processes slow down, causing reduced or delayed growth, discolored leaves, and flower or fruit drop. (stationzilla.com)
Processes modify the values of state variables such as the cumulative annual net primary production (NPP), soil water availability, or aspects of the vegetation composition and structure. (lu.se)
We hypothesized that changes in soil properties resulting from these processes would decrease site productivity for second rotation red alder. (who.int)

The Fertiliser Manual (RB209) makes recommendations for Phosphate and Potash based on the Index system, where soils that are at or above the target level should have sufficient levels of nutrient to support the growth of that year's crop. (pda.org.uk)
At soil index 2 applications should be made to replace the nutrient that is removed, for sustainability. (pda.org.uk)
This has over the years, proved to be the most efficient means of ensuring soils have sufficient available nutrient to optimise crop growth each year, however this one-off assessment may need monitoring to ensure this remains the case for each specific soil type and across the years between sampling and even within fields. (pda.org.uk)
When transpiration stops or slows, a plant dies from nutrient deficiency, usually from the top down. (stationzilla.com)
Fertilizer addition aims to make up for soil nutrient deficiency to realize a fruit's genotype potential. (felixinstruments.com)
Gradually, growers have started incorporating Mineral Nutrition Management, using parameters like crop nutritional status, plant growth analysis, and soil and tissue nutrient level correlation for more effective nutrient management . (felixinstruments.com)
is well recognized as an effective host plant for the symbiotic fixation of N. While this fixation process leads to the rapid accumulation of N within the ecosystem, it also enhances nutrient accumulation in biomass and soil organic matter and increases nitrification and cation leaching. (who.int)

The process of taking oxygen into the cells, using it for enrgy release & then eliminating the waste products like CO2 & H2O is known as respiration. (studymaterialkota.com)

This elicitor decreased electrolyte conductivity (35%), but improved relative water content (12.65%), total chlorophyll (63%), carotenoids (68%), phenol (23.1%), flavonoid (36.4%), soluble sugar (58%), proline (49%), protein (45.2%) in S. abrotanoides plants compared to the control (CNPs = 0). (biomedcentral.com)

Potassium is an abundant cation (K + ) found in the cytoplasm, providing cell turgidity and rigidity by maintaining the osmotic potential. (pda.org.uk)

Potato plants were grown either in four separate climate-controlled greenhouse cells with different VPD levels (viz. (au.dk)
Dr. Ilka Braumann, expert in trait development and pre-breeding related to improving plant stability, climate tolerance and starch quality in barley. (uzh.ch)
The input data to the model consist of climate parameters, atmospheric CO2 concentrations and a soil code. (lu.se)

The soil water supply and atmospheric humidity conditions are crucial in controlling plants' stomatal behavior and water use efficiency. (mdpi.com)

Sensors considering measurement of the soil water potential are installed below the soil surface, preferably inserted horizontally to prevent preferential flow of water along the data cables that lead to the data logger. (uib.no)

Tardieu and Davies (1992 ) found that the abscisic acid (ABA) content of root tips increased when maize (Zea mays L.) was grown in compacted soil, while the application of 1μM ABA to unstressed seedlings promoted the growth of short, thick roots similar to those produced in response to mechanical impedance ( Hartung et al.1994 ). (isa-arbor.com)

Thus, stress response studies during these growth stages reveal novel differentially regulated genes or proteins with important functions in plant stress adaptation. (intechopen.com)
Modern researches in crop plants revealed that low levels of ROS act as a signal which induces tolerance to environmental extremes by altering the expression of defensive genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Up-regulated genes included transcription factors and cell signaling-related genes such as kinases and phosphatases, which regulate numerous functions, including metabolic changes and cell defense functions. (fruitandveggie.com)
Increased expression of lipid transfer genes and fatty-acid and wax synthase genes suggested the reinforcement of cell membranes and cuticles. (fruitandveggie.com)
Genes for cell wall components were also upregulated, as were biosynthetic genes for antioxidants such as flavonoids and anthocyanins, which function in cell protection and detoxification under oxidative stress. (fruitandveggie.com)

Specifically, we find that GABA concentration increases under a water deficit and this reduces stomatal opening in an ALMT9-dependant manner. (nature.com)
When encountering water deficit stress, plants need to reduce transpiration to minimize water loss. (ashs.org)

He subsequently showed that ethylene was produced by other fruits as well, and that obtained from apple could induce seed germination and plant growth in different vegetables (but not in cereals). (wikipedia.org)
They became more convincing when William Crocker, Alfred Hitchcock, and Percy Zimmerman reported in 1935 that ethylene acts similar to auxins in causing plant growth and senescence of vegetative tissues. (wikipedia.org)
During the life of the plant, ethylene production is induced during certain stages of growth such as germination, ripening of fruits, abscission of leaves, and senescence of flowers. (wikipedia.org)
High VPD decreased leaf water potential, leaf area, and DMshoot, which exacerbated the inhibition of soil drying to plant growth. (au.dk)
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of Lamiaceae herbs companion planting on growth and secondary metabolites changes in tomato plants. (scirp.org)
Thus, tomato plants grown with herb companion planting in 1:1 ratio seems to have a positive impact on growth of tomato. (scirp.org)
Students will gain an understanding of plant growth and development to achieve desired levels of yield and quality. (edu.au)
These factors affect plant growth, thus leading to lower yield and harvest quality. (biomedcentral.com)
Water availability for irrigation is among the most critical factors that affect fruit tree growth in commercial orchards and tree production in nurseries, especially considering the long-term and costly investments of planting fruit tree orchards. (frontiersin.org)
Lack of effect of the photosystem-II-based herbicides diuron and atrazine on growth of photoheterotrophic Chenopodium rubrum cells at concentrations inhibiting photoautotrophic growth of these cells. (uni-bayreuth.de)
Plants use molecular mechanisms to reduce resource use and regulate growth in harsh conditions. (stationzilla.com)
A significant abiotic stressor that affects plant growth and development is drought. (stationzilla.com)
In regions with low water availability, drought can be chronic or random and unpredictable due to weather changes during plant growth. (stationzilla.com)
Cell division is less inhibited by water stress than cell growth. (stationzilla.com)
The effect of minerals on plant vegetative growth and yield is well known, but each mineral can also impact fruit quality . (felixinstruments.com)
Nitrogen is usually added in abundant quantities as the primary macronutrient for vegetative plant growth. (felixinstruments.com)
Excessive vegetative growth due to nitrogen will also increase shade, encouraging fungal infection of leaves and fruits in grapes and reducing plant tolerance to pests and diseases in pears. (felixinstruments.com)

Excessive Na in soils can lead to accumulation in cell walls rapidly leading to osmotic stress within the plant cells. (bioag.com.au)
Oxidative stress occurs when crop plants are exposed to extreme abiotic conditions that lead to the excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, a low pH medium allows greater accumulation and metabolism of auxin into plant cells in the base of cuttings, thereby increasing rooting performance. (globalsciencebooks.info)
Starch accounts for about 60% of dry matter in scales just before planting, and over 60% of the starch decreases during the first three months after planting, coupled with a high accumulation of sucrose and oligofructans. (globalsciencebooks.info)

Among the ions taken up by the plant cells, Ca2+ plays an essential role as an intracellular secondary messenger in plants and thus the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) is strictly regulated. (globalsciencebooks.info)
This decreased soil and soil solution pH resulted in increased Al concentration in the soil solution and on exchange sites as well as decreased P availability. (who.int)

Water use characteristics, such as transpiration, sap flux, plant water status and culm conductivity in Moso bamboo forest, can determine the water cycle in a forest ecosystem. (ncl.edu.tw)
This project involved developing automated chamber systems to measure continuously variations in soil CO 2 efflux during drought and irrigation treatments in a Mediterranean montado ecosystem in Portugal. (inra.fr)
The potential output of the model include current values of the ecosystem state variables (e.g. biomass for different plant functional types, PFTs) as well as biogeochemical fluxes of CO2 and H2O from ecosystems to the atmosphere or hydrosphere. (lu.se)
The model may be applied to simulate the potential ecosystem of a particular area or region, or across a grid made up of many adjacent areas (grid cells). (lu.se)

Mineral nutrition: Soil as a source of minerals. (thetowertech.com)
A given effect of a mineral on fruit quality can vary depending on local weather and soil conditions. (felixinstruments.com)
Another mineral can't be replaced in plant metabolism. (felixinstruments.com)
Being readily absorbed from the soil and highly mobile in the phloem, there are usually adequate amounts of the mineral in a plant and fruit. (felixinstruments.com)

At BioAg we work with you to provide a tailored fertility program that considers the individual block, soil test results, yield and quality goals and budget. (bioag.com.au)
Drought is often the most yield-limiting factor for plants. (scirp.org)
The time and rate of application are crucial and have been based on tree requirements, soil fertility, and expected yield. (felixinstruments.com)

Future research programs can be focused on the development of transgenic plants with enhanced stress tolerance in field conditions based upon the outcome of genomic approaches and knowing the mystery of nucleotides sequences hidden in cells. (intechopen.com)
The findings show that CNPs not only can considerably reduce water requirement of S. abrotanoides but also are able to enhance the drought tolerance ability of this plant particularly in drought-prone areas. (biomedcentral.com)
Reduced-function cych;1 RNA interference (cych;1 RNAi) plants exhibited a drought tolerance phenotype. (indexindex.com)
Thus, targeting the molecular mechanisms correlated with drought tolerance without reducing productivity is a challenge for plant breeding. (scirp.org)
Mechanisms of freezing avoidance and freezing tolerance in tropical alpine plants. (uni-bayreuth.de)

Although CNPs have been proven to have beneficial impacts on plant quality and productivity, there are limited reports about their ability to promote plant immune systems under abiotic stress such as drought [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Photooxidation caused by EL damages biological molecules and reduces plant productivity. (stationzilla.com)
Future research will focus on identifying those factors causing this lower productivity including P availability, soil acidity and Al toxicity, cation availability, and competition with other vegetation. (who.int)

1. In most of the plants, roots are meant for absorption and fixation. (bankofbiology.com)

Plants have evolved defense mechanisms for the production of antioxidants to detoxify the ROS and to protect the plant against oxidative damage. (biomedcentral.com)
therefore, plants have evolved a complex array of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification mechanisms to combat oxidative damage due to ROS. (biomedcentral.com)
Mention the role of guard cells in stomatal mechanisms. (bankofbiology.com)
In severe DS, these mechanisms are insufficient and acquire exogenous application of some materials, including natural and organic compounds, that elevate plant resilience [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Naturally adapted salt tolerant plants provide exceptional material for exploring adaptive mechanisms they use to confront high salt concentrations. (bvsalud.org)

Ancient Egyptians would gash figs in order to stimulate ripening (wounding stimulates ethylene production by plant tissues). (wikipedia.org)
Starch it is extracted from many different plants and tissues, like tubers (e.g. potato) or seeds (e.g. cereals). (uzh.ch)
1974. Analysis by digestion and colorimetric assay of total nitrogen in plant tissues high in nitrate. (uptc.edu.co)

dark-to-light transition mimics night-to-day transition which opens stomatal pores ( a ) and light-to-dark transition mimics day-to-night transition which closes stomatal pores ( b ), light intensity 150 µmol m −2 s −1 . (nature.com)

ROS are highly reactive species found in nature that can attack plant organelles, metabolites, and molecules by interrupting various metabolic pathways until cell death occurs. (biomedcentral.com)

This success is notable given the equation's simplicity and broad applicability across biomes and plant functional types. (nature.com)
It provides a theoretical underpinning for the analysis of plant functional coordination across species and emergent properties of ecosystems, and a potential basis for the reformulation of the controls of GPP in next-generation ESMs. (nature.com)
This so called storage starch takes the form of insoluble, semi-crystalline granules which differ in shape, size distribution and functional properties between plant species. (uzh.ch)

Nitrogen effects can be variable and depend on soil type and organic matter content. (felixinstruments.com)

Upon rewatering, CO 2 assimilation and stomatal conductance of water-stressed 'Scarletprince' trees sprayed with ascorbic acid (one or two applications) were similar to those of well-irrigated trees, but water-stressed trees that had not received ascorbic acid did not recover photosynthetical functions. (frontiersin.org)

The pot experiment was carried out, and various concentrations (30, 60, and 100%) of root and shoot extracts of T. portulacastrum and a synthetic herbicide (Metafin Super) along with control (distilled water) were applied to the wheat plants. (bvsalud.org)

Adjustment of irrigation and fertilizer management [9] , sowing companion crop with or after planting the main crop [10] , selection of appropriate companion plant could possibly minimize the impact of competition in the companion planting system. (scirp.org)
Potassium deficiency can cause changes in both individual plant organs and, collectively, the crop canopy. (pda.org.uk)
These changes can be identified by measuring the reflectance of the crop using specific wavelengths which can then be linked back to the potassium status of the plants (Figure 2). (pda.org.uk)
This subject introduces students to plant science with particular emphasis on crop and pasture species. (edu.au)
Dr. Schafleitner, of the Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement Division , International Potato Center in Peru, recently presented this work at a symposium on the Biology of Solanaceous Species at the annual meeting of the American Society of Plant Biologists in Mérida, Mexico. (fruitandveggie.com)

Heavy metals are nonbiodegradable and can be a natural part of the soil or can accumulate in soils from different sources, for example, improper disposal of the industrial waste or sewage, or long-term applications of pesticide and fertilisers containing heavy metals. (bioag.com.au)

As water moves through the system, minerals and nutrients are delivered to plants. (stationzilla.com)

The use of organic nanoparticles to improve drought resistance and water demand characteristics in plants seems to be a promising eco-friendly strategy for water resource management in arid and semi-arid areas. (biomedcentral.com)
Systems of a mammalian cell (general characteristics, cellular ingestions etc). (thetowertech.com)
Porous matrix sensor methods are available that employ dielectric methods to measure water content in a ceramic material with known water retention characteristics and in equilibrium with the surrounding soil (e.g. (uib.no)

Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 225. (updatepublishing.com)

Plants can regulate transpiration by increasing leaf stomatal resistance. (ashs.org)

Anti-oxidative enzymes of plants include glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxide reduction (PRX), mono-hydro ascorbate reductase (MDAR), and catalase (CAT). (biomedcentral.com)

2010 ). These toxic molecules can cause oxidative damage to lipids by lipid peroxidation, to DNA by affecting nucleic acids, and to enzyme inhibition by protein oxidation that promotes programmed cell death (PCD) (Apel and Hirt 2004 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Four weeks after companion planting, tomato plants under 1:1 companionship with the herbs showed significant increase in dry weights of shoots compared to control. (scirp.org)
In addition, promotion in several free amino acid contents w as also observed in tomato plants with basil companion planting compared to control. (scirp.org)
Transpiration of intact leaves was reduced in cych;1 RNAi plants compared with the wild-type control in light but not in darkness. (indexindex.com)
Stomatal conductance ( g S ) was reduced within 4 hours after treatment with CaCl 2 compared with that of control violas. (ashs.org)

Anatomy33

Organisms70

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture25

Information Science4

Health Care15

Photosynthesis16

Decreased stomatal conductance1

Uptake7

Transpirational water loss4

Closure6

Physiology10

Stomata15

Light-induced stomatal2

Responses10

Xylem6

Regulation4

Conductance determines1

Aperture3

Density7

Carbon8

Physiological4

Stresses7

Moisture10

Morphology1

Salinity2

Temperature6

Processes9

Nutrient7

Respiration1

Chlorophyll1

Osmotic potential1

Climate3

Atmospheric1

Data logger1

Abscisic1

Genes5

Water deficit2

Growth17

Accumulation4

Concentration2

Ecosystem4

Mineral4

Yield3

Tolerance5

Productivity3

Absorption1

Mechanisms5

Tissues3

Pores1

Reactive species1

Functional3

Organic matter1

Assimilation1

Concentrations1

Crop5

Accumulate1

Nutrients1

Characteristics3

Frontiers in Plant Science1

Resistance1

Reduction1

Inhibition1

Control4