• Anti-sodium/iodide (Anti-Na+/I−) symporter antibodies are a more recent discovery and their clinical relevance is still unknown. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods: Quantitative measurements of iodine avidity in surgical specimens (primary tumour and lymph node metastases) of 28 patients were compared to immunohistochemical expression of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), pendrin, sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) and mutational status of BRAF and the TERT promoter. (lu.se)
  • Human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) is considered as one of the most prevalent nuclear imaging reporter transgenes that provides precise information regarding the kinetics of gene expression, viral biodistribution, toxicity, and therapeutic outcomes using the accumulation of radiotracers at the site of transgene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The thyroid traps iodide via active transport through the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) protein in the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. (hormonelab.co.uk)
  • The iodide ions are transported into the follicular cells of the thyroid gland by the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and for each iodide anion (I-), NIS transports two sodium cations (Na+) into the cell. (mugesh-iisc.in)
  • First, the inorganic iodide ions, present in a low concentration in the blood, are actively taken up by the basolateral side of the follicular cells, along with two sodium ions, via a sodium-iodide symporter. (osmosis.org)
  • There are several laboratory tests available for assessing iodine levels in the body including the iodine spot test, iodine loading test, bromide spot test, bromide loading test, fluoride spot test, fluoride loading test and sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) test. (restorativemedicine.org)
  • What happens is the sodium-iodide symporter is restricted, meaning it is not taking in iodine as well. (integrativehealthcare.com)
  • The iodide-trapping or concentrating mechanism of normal thyroid tissue can be evaluated by radioisotope (iodine-123 or technetium-99m pertechnetate). (medscape.com)
  • Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies are specific for the autoantigen TPO, a 105 kDa glycoprotein that catalyses iodine oxidation and thyroglobulin tyrosyl iodination reactions in the thyroid gland. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. Relating to, or caused by, iodine or an iodide. (theodora.com)
  • Lugol's Iodine is a heavy metal chelator and remover (due to the iodide content), removing mercury, lead, cadmium, aluminum and arsenic from the body's cells. (earthclinic.com)
  • Similarly, the Iodide form is only absorbed by the thyroid gland, skin and salivary glands, whereas the elemental iodine storage sites in the breasts, prostate and intestines can only absorb the molecular iodine form (I2). (earthclinic.com)
  • While the thyroid tends to concentrate a higher percentage of iodide (I¯), extrathyroidal tissues tend to utilize a greater percentage of molecular iodine (I₂), which exerts multiple and complex actions related to its role as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory, a pro-inflammatory, an inducer of apoptosis, an immune modulator, and a promotor of cell differentiation (3). (hormonelab.co.uk)
  • Iodide enters the follicular lumen via the pendrin transporter where it is oxidized to iodine by the thyroid peroxidase enzyme (TPO). (hormonelab.co.uk)
  • The iodide ion is then pumped into the colloid via the pendrin protein, where it undergoes oxidation with the enzyme "thyroid peroxidase" or TPO, which changes it into an organic iodine atom . (osmosis.org)
  • At the apical membrane of the thyroid follicular cell, the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalyzes the oxidation of iodide to form reactive iodine species[7]. (myendoconsult.com)
  • Several tests may be used to determine iodine status including the iodine spot test, iodine loading test, bromide spot test, bromide loading test, fluoride spot test, fluoride loading test and sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) test. (restorativemedicine.org)
  • In the case of normal function, on the right, iodine is brought in, the enzyme thyroid peroxidase oxidizes iodide into iodine, and then that is attached by oxidation to thyroglobulin and forms things like T3 and T4 and is released. (integrativehealthcare.com)
  • NIS is a membrane bound glycoprotein whose main physiological function is to transport one iodide ion along with two sodium ions across the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicular cells. (aopwiki.org)
  • Sodium-iodide symporters (NIS) actively transport iodide ions from the bloodstream into thyroid follicular cells against a sodium electrochemical gradient, which is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase). (myendoconsult.com)
  • Iodide ions are then transported to the apical membrane of the thyroid follicular cells by the action of pendrin, an anion exchanger protein. (myendoconsult.com)
  • In the thyroid gland, iodide is trapped, transported, and concentrated in the follicular lumen for thyroid hormone synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Before trapped iodide can react with tyrosine residues, it must be oxidized by thyroidal peroxidase. (medscape.com)
  • Once inside the follicular cells, the iodide diffuses to the apical membrane, where it is metabolically oxidized through the action of TPO to iodinium (I+), which in turn iodinates tyrosine residues of the Tg proteins in the follicle colloid. (aopwiki.org)
  • Until recently, it was believed that this peptide was non-functional, but today it is known that it modulates some cellular functions by binding to a surface receptor coupled to protein G. One of its effects is to favor the activity of the sodium-potassium ATPase (Na + -K + ATPase) necessary for the protein synthesis of many hormones including THS. (rtyva.ru)
  • This results in an elevated intra-follicular iodide concentration compared to the plasma. (myendoconsult.com)
  • As a result, a high concentration of sodium, chlorine, and calcium in the blood vessels occurs. (smpdb.ca)
  • The percentage yield of SPs increased with an increase in concentration of sodium nitrate as compared to control. (brjnmims.org)
  • Sodium pertechnetate is the inorganic compound with the formula NaTcO 4 . (en-academic.com)
  • In the current study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr) cells were attributed to sodium nitrate stress in concentrations such as 5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM, and a control to determine the productivity and bioactivity of SPs. (brjnmims.org)
  • There are five perchlorate salts that are manufactured in substantial amounts: magnesium, potassium, ammonium, sodium, and lithium perchlorate. (cdc.gov)
  • If the tissue level of iodide is low, there is an increased expression of iodide transporters. (hormonelab.co.uk)
  • In addition, sodium, chlorine, and calcium are also reabsorbed back into the systemic circulation via their respective channels and exchangers. (smpdb.ca)
  • In A Pack Size Of 2.5 Litre , Methyl Green, In A Pack Size Of 5Gm, 25Gm , Methylene Blue 25Gm , Methylene Bluesolution 125Ml , Multistix ( Minimum 10 Parameters ) , In A Pack Size Of 100 Test , Myelo Peroxidase Stain, In A Pack Size Of 25 Gm. (haryanatenders.net)
  • PTU and MMI have been found to decrease also the expression of NIS mRNA and consequently iodide accumulation, as shown in FRTL-5 cells (Spitzweg et al. (aopwiki.org)
  • Saliva contains a number of components, including various electrolytes, glycoproteins, enzymes, and mucus, as well as secretory immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and peroxidase-with the latter 4 components important in that they exhibit antibacterial activity. (medscape.com)
  • Sodium pertechnetate cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier . (en-academic.com)
  • The most clinically relevant anti-thyroid autoantibodies are anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO antibodies, TPOAb), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb). (wikipedia.org)
  • Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies are specific for the autoantigen TPO, a 105 kDa glycoprotein that catalyses iodine oxidation and thyroglobulin tyrosyl iodination reactions in the thyroid gland. (wikipedia.org)
  • 15. Thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase share common epitopes recognized by autoantibodies in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. (nih.gov)
  • Other causes include medications (lithium, amiodarone), genetic mutations of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase molecules, congenital hypothyroidism, neck surgery, and radiothyroid ablation therapy. (pcrm.org)
  • Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT 4 ) and free triiodothyronine (fT 3 ) concentrations were normal at 1.8 mU/mL, 11.6 pg/mL and 2.9 pg/mL, respectively, with marginally positive thyroid autoantibodies [antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) 75 U/mL, antibodies against thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) 120 U/mL, whereas antibodies against TSH receptor (anti-TSHR) were not measured]. (scielo.br)
  • Methods Reagents Resveratrol (RES) 3 5 5 bromide (MTT) propidium iodide (PI) Tris foundation glycine NaCl sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Forty-eight hours later, the cells were washed with PBS and resuspended in propidium iodide/RNase A solution (0.5 mL), incubated at 37°C for 30 min and analyzed by flow cytometry. (dna-pkinhibitors.com)
  • 18. Generation of recombinant, enzymatically active human thyroid peroxidase and its recognition by antibodies in the sera of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (nih.gov)
  • A total of 9% would prescribe levothyroxine for euthyroid enlarging goitre, and 29% for euthyroid female infertility with high titre thyroid peroxidase antibodies, despite recent trials finding no benefit. (medscape.com)
  • In vitro treatment of activated B cells with potassium iodide induced ferroptosis by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous iron in a concentration-dependent manner. (nature.com)
  • Exposure of activated B cells to potassium iodide (KI) promoted cell death with increased ROS, ferrous iron, and membrane permeability in a dose-dependent manner. (nature.com)
  • There are five perchlorate salts that are manufactured in substantial amounts: magnesium, potassium, ammonium, sodium, and lithium perchlorate. (cdc.gov)
  • On the other hand, quantitative determination is carried out, for example, by means of oximetric titration with potassium permanganate, sodium iodide or cerium(rV) sulfate, as is well known to a person skilled in the art. (allindianpatents.com)
  • These "iodide transport/utilization inhibitors" interfere with iodide transport at the cell membrane in several organs at sites of iodide oxidation and utilization. (healyourselfathome.com)
  • Enhanced HEX expression and diffuse nuclear localization were also obtained when MCF-7 cells were treated with inhibitors of histone deacetylases such as sodium butyrate and trichostatin A. With respect to normal non-lactating breast, the amount of nuclear HEX was greatly increased in lactating tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The blots were labeled with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody and visualized by chemiluminescence detection. (dna-pkinhibitors.com)
  • The enzymatic detection was based on enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide and the subsequent colour reaction of its hydrolysis product with Ellman's reagent. (nel.edu)
  • This results in intracellular iodide concentrations that are 10 to 200 times that of serum. (veteriankey.com)
  • Patients with thyroid malignancies shown to have no iodide uptake. (nih.gov)
  • (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate Western blot analysis Tumor tissue samples were ground into powder under liquid nitrogen by milling in mortar, and lysed in RIPA lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 0.25% sodium deoxycholate, 150 mM NaCl, 1% nonidet P-40 (NP-40), 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM NaF, 1 mM Na3V4, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride). (dna-pkinhibitors.com)
  • Instruct patients to maintain a low-iodide diet (2 weeks) and discontinue anti-thyroid therapy (3 days) before administration. (nih.gov)
  • NaSCN did not affect the reactions between anti-human IgM and patients' IgM, and between dengue viral antigens and detecting antibody, peroxidase-conjugated flavivirus-specific monoclonal antibody D1-4G2 IgG. (who.int)
  • [2] The iodide that is scavenged by iodotyrosine deiodinase is necessary to again synthesize the thyroid hormones. (wikidoc.org)
  • [4] Iodotyrosine deiodinase is thus necessary to keep levels of both iodide and thyroid hormones in balance. (wikidoc.org)
  • Thus, iodide levels must be regulated in order to keep thyroid hormones, and ultimately the organism's metabolic rate and overall health, in good status. (wikidoc.org)
  • Anti-human IgM (µ chain guanidine hydrochloride, in the diluent of specific) goat serum and peroxidase- antibody in the ELISA. (who.int)
  • Also, a review has questioned the adequacy of iodide in commercial cat diets before 2006, suggesting that the increased incidence of feline hyperthyroidism might have been associated with iodide deficiency (Edinboro et al. (veteriankey.com)
  • In the thyroid gland, iodide is trapped, transported, and concentrated in the follicular lumen for thyroid hormone synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • NIS is a membrane protein responsible for iodide transport into the follicular cells of the thyroid, which is the first and most critical step leading to T4 biosynthesis (Dohan et al. (aopwiki.org)
  • Indeed, dietary iodide has been shown to be inversely related to free T 4 concentrations (Tarttellin and Ford, 1994). (veteriankey.com)
  • In addition, sodium, chlorine, and calcium are also reabsorbed back into the systemic circulation via their respective channels and exchangers. (smpdb.ca)
  • As a result, a high concentration of sodium, chlorine, and calcium in the blood vessels occurs. (smpdb.ca)
  • 4. Purification and characterization of a large, tryptic fragment of human thyroid peroxidase with high catalytic activity. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. (nih.gov)
  • Without iodotyrosine deiodinase activity, the iodide would be excreted with the amino acid tyrosine and thyroid hormone biosynthesis would be reduced. (wikidoc.org)
  • Saliva contains a number of components, including various electrolytes, glycoproteins, enzymes, and mucus, as well as secretory immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and peroxidase-with the latter 4 components important in that they exhibit antibacterial activity. (medscape.com)
  • 8. An analysis of the structure and antigenicity of different forms of human thyroid peroxidase. (nih.gov)
  • The dog has plasma iodide concentrations of 5 to 10 µg/dl, which are 10 to 20 times the levels in human plasma. (veteriankey.com)
  • SODIUM IODIDE I-131 (for the preparation of sodium iodide I 131 capsules and solution), therapeutic, for oral use. (nih.gov)
  • The concentrated sodium iodide I 131 solution provided must be diluted. (nih.gov)
  • Vials: Sodium Iodide I-131 solution (with a radioconcentration of 37,000 MBq/mL (1000 mCi/mL) at the time of calibration) for the preparation of sodium iodide I-131 capsules, therapeutic or sodium iodide I-131 solution, therapeutic. (nih.gov)
  • Sodium Iodide I-131 Solution is indicated for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and selected cases of thyroid carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • Do not directly administer the concentrated Sodium Iodide I-131 solution provided to patients. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Differential autoantibody responses to thyroid peroxidase in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (nih.gov)
  • Sodium Iodide I-131 is a radioactive therapeutic agent indicated for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and selected cases of carcinoma of the thyroid. (nih.gov)
  • Commercial cat foods have been shown to be quite variable in the amount of iodide provided, probably a result of the variable amount of seafood used to create the diet. (veteriankey.com)
  • Iodotyrosine deiodinase facilitates iodide salvage in the thyroid by catalyzing deiodination of mono - and diiodotyrosine , the halogenated byproducts of thyroid hormone production. (wikidoc.org)
  • [10] Iodide homeostasis within the thyroid gland is essential for producing thyroid hormone at appropriate rates. (wikidoc.org)