• To date, three clinical distinct phenotypes of endometriosis of the pelvis are recognized: ovarian cysts (endometrioma), peritoneal implants of endometriotic lesions and deep infiltrating endometriosis [1]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Enhancing lesions are divided into three main categories: focus/foci, masses, and areas of non-mass enhancement (1). (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • These lesions are typically stable on follow-up and are considered to be a part of the normal background enhancement pattern in the breast. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Exposure to asbestos can cause both benign and malignant, pulmonary and pleural diseases. (medscape.com)
  • Asbestos-related pulmonary complications include asbestosis, pleural plaques, diffuse pleural thickening, benign asbestos-related pleural effusions, and malignant pleural mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • Other described primary peritoneal cancers and tumors include malignant mesothelioma, benign papillary mesothelioma, desmoplastic small round cell tumors, peritoneal angiosarcoma, leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD), and peritoneal hemangiomatosis. (medscape.com)
  • Endometriosis is a common benign and chronic inflammatory gynaecological disease due to functional endometrial glands and stroma in an ectopic location outside the uterine cavity [ 1 ]. (polradiol.com)
  • The image on the far left is a juvenile fibroadenoma - it is oval in shape and has smooth margins, i.e. typically benign. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan demonstrates a round mass at a site of pleural thickening, with a comet-tail bronchovascular bundle. (medscape.com)
  • This drawback is explained by immunological theory, which states that normally refluxed menstrual endometrium is cleared from the peritoneal cavity by macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes preventing endometriosis in most cases. (polradiol.com)
  • However, there is reduced immunological clearance of refluxed endometrium from the peritoneal cavity, causing endometriosis in some women with immune system dysfunction. (polradiol.com)
  • CT findings in patients with malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas range from peritoneum-based masses (a so-called "dry" appearance) to ascites, irregular or nodular peritoneal thickening, and an omental mass (a so-called "wet" appearance). (medscape.com)
  • The image on the left shows a large, irregular mass, which proved to be an angiosarcoma. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Small-bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumor with a diffusely thickened bowel wall. (medscape.com)
  • He identified periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-staining granules, most likely representing degenerating bacterial forms, within macrophages isolated from the small bowel as well as other tissue and fluid specimens (eg, pericardium, endocardium, lymph nodes, synovia, lung, brain, meninges) obtained from patients in whom Whipple disease was suspected. (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal carcinoma usually manifests with abdominal distention and diffuse nonspecific abdominal pain secondary to ascites. (medscape.com)
  • The hallmark of the pathologic report was the marked infiltration by foamy macrophages of joints and aortic valves, and prominent deposits of fat within intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes, which made Whipple consider this case an obscure disease of fat metabolism and propose the name intestinal lipodystrophy. (medscape.com)
  • 1961: Electron microscopy (EM) studies by Yardley et al provided more evidence for an infectious cause of Whipple disease by finding bacillary bodies within membrane-bound vesicles in the cytoplasm of macrophages. (medscape.com)
  • They appear as solitary or multiple irregular hypoechoic masses with heterogeneous echotexture and increased echogenicity in the surrounding mesentery and omentum on USG and show increased internal vascularity on colour Doppler. (sajr.org.za)
  • Irregular masses have an uneven shape that cannot be characterized as round, oval, or lobulated. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • On CT, it appears as a well-defined or ill-defined mass showing heterogenous enhancement usually in the portal venous phase and it may infiltrate the adjacent organs. (sajr.org.za)
  • Peritoneal neoplasia can originate de novo from the peritoneal tissues (primary) or invade or metastasize into the peritoneum from adjacent or remote organs (secondary). (medscape.com)
  • Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs, especially lung and mediastinal hilar lymph nodes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The spleen, sometimes called "the forgotten organ" of the abdomen, has received less attention than other abdominal solid organs, as splenic diseases are less common and frequently clinically asymptomatic [ 1 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • CT plays an essential role in the diagnosis of mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
  • Some mesenteric diseases present with distinctive imaging findings while others have similar findings, thereby complicating their differential diagnosis. (sajr.org.za)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent non-invasive modality that helps in non-invasive diagnosis, with excellent delineation of the disease extent, and thus provides a presurgical mapping of the disease, which is helpful for the operating surgeon [ 6 ]. (polradiol.com)
  • This article, besides being a general presentation of Whipple disease, focuses on both the neurologic manifestations and specifics of diagnosis and treatment of Whipple disease with symptomatic CNS involvement (CNS-WD). (medscape.com)
  • 1949: Black-Schaffer advanced the diagnosis, proved the systemic nature of this disease, and raised the suspicion of an infectious cause for Whipple disease. (medscape.com)
  • Despite the slowly progressive course of most cases of Whipple disease, CNS-WD may have a fulminant course, and manifest isolated CNS-WD cases have been reported in the literature. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, US is widely used and frequently chosen as the first imaging modality for most abdominal imaging, both for general abdominal examinations and for patients suspected of having splenic diseases. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Therapeutic goals are dependent on the location of the disease. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Multimodality therapy is currently the most commonly accepted therapeutic approach for peritoneal mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • Standard imaging tests, including ultrasonography and helical CT scans, are notably insensitive for the detection of peritoneal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • However, to the authors' knowledge, there are not enough up-to-date ultrasonographic imaging reviews of splenic diseases [ 2 - 5 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Conclusion: Polypoid endometriosis is a very rare disease but should be taken into account in postmenopausal women with use of tamoxifen or hormonal therapy. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10% of fertile women [1], up to 50% of women with infertility problems and up to 70% of women with chronic pelvic pain [2]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Due to its nature as an estrogen dependent disease, endometriosis usually resolves in menopause because of decreasing hormone levels. (fortuneonline.org)
  • up to 20% of patients have chronic course of the lung disease (called advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis, APS) resulting in progressive loss of lung function, sometimes life-threatening that can lead to respiratory failure and death. (bvsalud.org)
  • Upper GI image obtained during the single contrast enhancement portion shows an incidentally found mass. (medscape.com)
  • They demonstrate various contrast enhancement patterns including early peripheral enhancement because of vascular tissue ( Figure 1 ), delayed central enhancement of the fibrotic components, heterogenous, homogenous and absent enhancement. (sajr.org.za)
  • 1952: Paulley was first to report a case of a patient with histologically proven Whipple disease whose symptoms responded to chloramphenicol. (medscape.com)
  • Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown aetiology, which is diagnosed based on the presence of non-caseating granulomas on histology. (bvsalud.org)
  • are areas of enhancement without a detectable three-dimensional mass. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Features of non-mass enhancement include its distribution, its internal enhancement pattern, and whether the enhancement is symmetric or asymmetric. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Recent studies have provided new insights into the genetic factors and immune components involved in the clinical manifestation of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Just as in mammography and ultrasound, we look at its shape, its margins and its internal characteristics: this includes its T1- and T2-characteristics as well its enhancement pattern. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Although primary neoplasms arising in the mesentery are rare, the mesentery is a major avenue for the dissemination of tumours, which can spread through hematogenous, lymphatic, direct or peritoneal seeding. (sajr.org.za)
  • The soft tissue window shows parenchymal enhancement. (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal cancers, some of which have been implicated in many cases of carcinomas of unknown primary origin, include ovarian cancer arising in women several years after bilateral oophorectomy. (medscape.com)
  • Knowledge of asbestos-related diseases accumulated for over 100 years as the industrial value of asbestos became recognized for the strength of its fibers and their resistance to destruction, resulting in increasing production and use until multiple health effects became apparent. (medscape.com)
  • Focus (or when multiple, foci) is an area of enhancement measuring less than 5 mm in diameter which is too small to characterize. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Evaluation of the mesentery is often neglected during routine ultrasound (US) because of inadequate training and unfamiliarity with the common US features encountered with mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
  • Granulomatous myopathy (GM) is a rare disease characterized by non-caseating inflammation of the skeletal muscle, with sarcoidosis as a common cause. (bvsalud.org)
  • Патофізіологія Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital anomaly, occurring in almost 1% of live births ( 1). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The smooth borders suggest a submucosal process. (medscape.com)
  • Case studies of asbestos-related disease are illustrated in the images below. (medscape.com)
  • 1923: A second case of Whipple disease was reported in the literature. (medscape.com)
  • It has a crescent shape with a smooth outer convexity and a nodulous inner margin ( Fig. 1 ) [ 3 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Whipple disease bacillus has a characteristic trilamellar appearance on EM. (medscape.com)