Smokers cotinine. Medical search. Frequent questions

Nonsmokers exposed to typical levels of SHS have serum cotinine levels of less than 1 ng/mL, with heavy exposure to SHS producing levels in the 1-10 ng/mL range. (cdc.gov)
Smokers have approximately twice the cadmium body burden of nonsmokers ( ATSDR 2008 ). (nih.gov)
Nakagawa and Nishijo (1996) concluded that additional studies that control for smoking are needed, and several new studies that separated smokers from nonsmokers have been published since their review. (nih.gov)
Thirdhand smoke (THS) is an environmental contaminant that may cause adverse health effects in smokers and nonsmokers. (mdpi.com)
Median baseline urinary trans, anti-PheT concentrations were 0.50 microg/g creatinine in current tobacco smokers and 0.39 microg/g creatinine in nonsmokers. (cdc.gov)
Median baseline urinary 1-OHP concentrations in smokers and nonsmokers were 0.31 and 0.13 microg/g creatinine, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Lanqing Wang, a research chemist in NCEH's Tobacco Laboratory, says researchers in the laboratory measure the toxic and addictive substances in tobacco products, smoke, smokers, and nonsmokers. (cdc.gov)
CDC data have shown a decrease in cotinine levels in nonsmokers. (cdc.gov)
During 1988 to 1991, data showed that 87.9% of nonsmokers had measurable levels of cotinine in their bodies. (cdc.gov)
From 2007 to 2008, an estimated 40.1% of nonsmokers had cotinine in their bodies. (cdc.gov)
Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to be hospitalized. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, we planned the present study to evaluate the impact of cigarette smoke on salivary antioxidant levels and cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers. (thejcdp.com)
The present study was conducted in the Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine of the dental institution and included assessment of salivary parameters of smokers and nonsmokers. (thejcdp.com)
A total of 400 subjects were analyzed, of which 200 were active smokers and 200 were nonsmokers. (thejcdp.com)
We observed that levels of α-amylase in smokers and nonsmokers group was 206.25 and 169.85 U/mL respectively ( Table 1 and Graph 1 ). (thejcdp.com)
Salivary CAT levels in the smokers group and in the nonsmokers group were found to be 7.022 and 11.008 U/mL respectively. (thejcdp.com)
There have been several reports, mostly in non-peer reviewed preprints, reporting lower levels of COVID-19 infections among smokers than nonsmokers. (ucsf.edu)
POPULATION: Women with a singleton pregnancy who were either nonsmokers (n = 1736) or cigarette smokers (n = 420) or sheesha smokers (n = 181). (who.int)
Number of nonsmokers aged 4 years and older who had a serum cotinine level greater than or equal to 0.05 ng/mL. (cdc.gov)

and (d) lower salivary cotinine. (rand.org)
Methods: We conducted a pilot longitudinal study with assessments of the aforementioned factors and salivary cotinine at weeks 0, 4, and 8. (scirp.org)
For the study, 8,215 adults over 35 had smoking status confirmed with a salivary cotinine test and their lung function assessed with spirometry. (gponline.com)
In the present study, we assessed and compared the salivary α-amylase, CAT, and cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmoker subjects. (thejcdp.com)
The primary outcome was the continuous abstinence rate (CAR) at weeks 21 to 24, biochemically validated using salivary cotinine testing. (jmir.org)

Cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, is currently regarded as the best biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. (cdc.gov)
ETS exposure will also be assessed for examinees 3 years of age and older through the measurement of serum cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine. (cdc.gov)
Cotinine is the major plasma metabolite of nicotine and persists for a considerable time period in plasma, with a half life of approximately 16 hours. (bmj.com)
People who have any cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) in their bodies - even at the low levels associated with secondhand smoke - have substantially increased risk of acute respiratory failure from ARDS ( paper 1 , paper 2 , paper 3 ). (ucsf.edu)

In homes with one or more smokers, mean air concentrations typically ranged from 2 to 14 µg/m 3 (NTP, 2011). (cdc.gov)
In non-smokers cotinine concentrations were higher based on urine sampled the morning after a shift than based on urine sampled immediately post-shift. (nih.gov)
An associated question is what would be the value of measuring serum cotinine concentrations in such surveys to obtain validated smoking data. (bmj.com)
Similar results were found for the agreement of urinary cotinine concentrations with questionnaire reports and air nicotine levels. (bmj.com)
We quantified urine cotinine concentrations in mothers once from 12th to 20th gestational weeks and excluded those whose urine cotinine levels exceeded 42.7 ng/ml to represent SHS exposure in early pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
The creatinine (cr) corrected arithmetic mean concentrations of cotinine in urine were 11 μg/g cr (range 0.1-430) in the non-smokers/non-snuffers compared to 1417 μg/g cr (range 45-3780) in the smokers/snuffers. (stami.no)
The geometric mean urinary caffeine concentrations were 797 μg/g cr (range 0.5-13,330) in the non-smokers/non-snuffers versus 654 μg/g cr (range 0.9-7470) in the smokers/snuffers. (stami.no)

The aims were to assess the impact of a total smoking ban on the level of airborne contaminants and the urinary cotinine levels in the employees in bars and restaurants. (nih.gov)
The urinary cotinine levels were reduced in non-smokers. (nih.gov)
To study further the effect of smoking exposure on the urinary PAH markers, urinary cotinine was used. (cdc.gov)
Each 1-unit increase in log 1-OHP was associated with a 0.77-unit increase (95% confidence interval, 0.45-1.09) in log trans, anti-PheT in subjects with low levels of urinary cotinine (P (cdc.gov)
All participants were screened for urinary cotinine, a biomarker for nicotine exposure, and exhaled carbon monoxide to confirm their self-reported nicotine consumption and smoking status. (businesswire.com)
Questionnaire data have frequently been validated against urinary cotinine measurements, but rarely against actual measurements of residential air nicotine. (bmj.com)
The authors assessed residential exposure to ETS in 347 German, 335 Dutch, and 354 Swedish preschool and schoolchildren by questionnaire and air nicotine measurements, and in a subset of 307 German children by urinary cotinine measurements. (bmj.com)
In epidemiological studies, exposure to ETS is most frequently assessed by questionnaire reports, 6 less often by measurements of biomarkers, such as urinary nicotine and its metabolite, cotinine, in body fluids, 1, 2 and rarely by passive monitors. (bmj.com)
A general linear model was used to assess the relationship between maternal urinary cotinine level and neurodevelopment. (biomedcentral.com)

Among never smokers 2.5% of men and 2.7% of women had detectable level of cotinine in their serum. (bmj.com)
Any detectable cotinine" indicates blood cotinine levels at or above 0.05 ng/mL, the detectable level of cotinine in the blood in 1988-1994. (childstats.gov)

Background Marketing and advertising of smokeless tobacco products towards cigarette smokers has increased recently. (bmj.com)
Because the use of multiple tobacco products is a growing public health concern, the present work assesses the use of smokeless tobacco among cigarette smokers, a behaviour termed as 'dual use', as well as attitudes and beliefs on their 'dual use' of tobacco. (bmj.com)
Results 'Dual use' was more common among cigarette smokers who were young, white men living in the Midwest or South. (bmj.com)
1 Researchers have observed increased advertising and promotion of smokeless tobacco in recent years, which target cigarette smokers. (bmj.com)
Information was obtained on self-reported and cotinine validated smoking status, cigarette dependence, motivation to stop smoking, COPD defined by spirometry using joint American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria, and self-reports of diagnosis with respiratory disorders. (bmj.com)
Smokers with spirometry-defined COPD were more cigarette dependent but had no greater desire to quit than other smokers. (bmj.com)
In smokers it is associated with higher degrees of cigarette dependence but not with a greater motivation to stop smoking. (bmj.com)
Also, cigarette smoking has declined significantly in the last two decades and smoking around non-smokers has become much less socially acceptable. (cadca.org)
Recent data indicates a decrease in the overall smoking prevalence but still with around 615,000 daily cigarette smokers in Hong Kong in 2017 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This clinical study of participating Vuse consumers, smokers, former smokers and never smokers provides comprehensive analysis of 17 biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to priority cigarette smoke toxicants, biomarkers of potential harm (BoH) and physiological measures relevant to cardiovascular conditions, respiratory diseases and cancer. (businesswire.com)
Objectives: We examined 1) changes in smoking and vaping behavior and associated cotinine levels and health status among regular smokers who were first-time e-cigarette purchasers and 2) attitudes, intentions, and restrictions regarding e-cigarettes. (scirp.org)
Conclusions: Future research is needed to document the long-term impact on smoking behavior and health among cigarette smokers who initiate use of e-cigarettes. (scirp.org)
As suggested by the Cochrane review's conclusions, this approach might be especially salient for combustible tobacco cigarette smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit. (nationalacademies.org)
A study of 30 healthy non-smokers exposed to e-cigarette aerosol found decreased cough sensitivity. (ucsf.edu)
Nasal scrape biopsies from non-smokers, smokers, and vapers showed extensive immunosuppression at the gene level with e-cigarette use. (ucsf.edu)
84 Healthy non-smokers were exposed to e-cigarette aerosol, and bronchoalveolar lavage was obtained to study alveolar macrophages. (ucsf.edu)
85 Neutrophils from chronic vapers have been found to have a greater propensity for NET formation than those from cigarette smokers or non-smokers. (ucsf.edu)
This program might be a useful smoking cessation option for HTP users, as well as for cigarette smokers. (jmir.org)
RESULTS: Compared with nonsmoking women, fetal NT was significantly increased and free beta-hCG and PAPP-A levels were significantly decreased in both cigarette and sheesha smokers. (who.int)
and (ii) evaluate the effect of smoking on respiratory and metabolic parameters in cigarette and HB smokers. (who.int)
Methods: Urine samples were collected from 152 volunteer smokers (75 cigarette and 77 HB) as well as from 16 healthy controls. (who.int)
With a high prevalence of smokers in many countries (7,8), the association between cigarette smoking and periodontal diseases presents as a significant public health problem. (bvsalud.org)

Among the 547 self reported smokers 12.1% were found to have serum cotinine levels less than 14 ng/ml and were possible misclassifications by self report. (bmj.com)

Main results: Among self reported regular smokers, 97.2% of men and 94.9% of women had a cotinine concentration of 10 ng/ml or higher in serum. (bmj.com)
Despite these efforts and in spite of successes to reduce initiation and increase cessation, a substantial portion of Americans still become regular smokers. (nationalacademies.org)
Some of these regular smokers are unwilling to quit and, even among those who want to quit, some have serious difficulty quitting. (nationalacademies.org)
In most cases, regular smokers will still have nicotine or its by-products, such as cotinine, in their bodies for about 3 to 4 days after stopping. (sharecare.com)

A total of 34.9% (95% CI 32.1 to 37.8) of people with spirometry-defined COPD were smokers compared with 22.4% (95% CI 21.4 to 23.4) of those without, and smoking prevalence increased with disease severity. (bmj.com)
10, 11 While the incidence of COPD in smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers is well documented, 12- 15 surprisingly little is known about the converse-that is, the prevalence of smoking in people with COPD. (bmj.com)
Moreover, given that many people with COPD do not recognise that they have this condition 16, 17 and yet would benefit greatly from stopping smoking, 18, 19 it is crucial to identify the prevalence of undiagnosed COPD among smokers. (bmj.com)
3 The real prevalence of smoking is likely to be higher, as up to 25% of pregnant smokers do not disclose their smoking status, 14 often because of the social stigma. (racgp.org.au)
Amongst patients hospitalised by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the crude prevalence of active smokers ranges from 1.4 to 12.5% in China ( 1 , 3 - 10 ) to 1.3-5.1% in the USA ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
The high prevalence of smokers in any population makes smoking a feasible target for intervention in public health. (bvsalud.org)

This is to screen if someone is smoking tobacco in current smokers. (onemedical.com)
For current smokers, the mean annual number of cigarettes consumed remained the same. (cdc.gov)
As described in the previous two chapters, primary strategies to achieve this goal are to prevent youth and young adults from starting smoking and to help current smokers quit expeditiously. (nationalacademies.org)

Following the treatment period, participants' smoking behaviour was monitored for four weeks, both by self-reporting and by monitoring urine for cotinine - a product formed when nicotine is broken down in the body. (nature.com)

There was no significant decrease in cotinine from baseline to week 4 or 8 (p's = ns). (scirp.org)

For adults, the primary sources for SHS exposure have been in workplaces where smoking occurs and in residences shared with one or more smokers. (cdc.gov)
Although secondhand smoke exposure in the United States dropped by half between 1999 to 2000 and 2011 to 2012, one in four non-smokers, or 58 million people, are still exposed to smoke, according to a new Vital Signs report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (cadca.org)
The study assessed exposure using cotinine, a marker of secondhand smoke found in the blood. (cadca.org)
The results of the study show that participating Vuse consumers had favourable differences in biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) relevant to smoking-related diseases when compared to smokers. (businesswire.com)
The most effective strategies are those that prevent initiation among non-users, promote cessation among current users, and prevent secondhand and thirdhand exposure among non-smokers. (nationalacademies.org)
Measure of cotinine in hair, blood, and urine permits the assessment of SHS exposure or active smoking. (biomedcentral.com)
To extend our knowledge on molecular effects of tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy, we analyzed transcriptome alterations in passive smokers (PS) and compared them to those in active smokers (AS). (nih.gov)
The ETS exposure was evaluated by questionnaire disclosure and cotinine measurement in maternal and cord bloods. (nih.gov)
Based on self-reported tobacco smoke exposure, the women were divided into two groups, non-smokers (NS, N=35) and passive smokers (PS, N=25). (nih.gov)
Exposure to tobacco smoke was further evaluated by measurement of plasma cotinine levels in maternal peripheral blood and newborn cord blood using radioimmunoassay. (nih.gov)
Health Sciences, products of combustion of organic materials and are not of nicotine is converted to cotinine, primarily by SoonChunHyang University, specific to tobacco smoke exposure. (cdc.gov)

Although monetary incentives can reduce complacent smokers' breath carbon monoxide (BCO) levels, it is not clear whether these effects can be sustained beyond the several weeks that past studies have examined. (rand.org)
Active smokers almost always have levels higher than 10 ng/mL and sometimes higher than 500 ng/mL (Hukkanen et al. (cdc.gov)
We administered nicotine to pregnant Rhesus monkeys from gestational day 30 through 160 by continuous infusion, achieving maternal plasma levels comparable to those in smokers (30 ng/ml). (nature.com)
Conclusions: In a sample of the general population in Finland the validity of self reported smoking is high, and most of the few self reported non-smokers who had cotinine in their serum had only low or moderate levels. (bmj.com)
3 The aim of our paper is to study the validity of self reported smoking in a cardiovascular risk factor population survey by comparing self reports with results of measurements of cotinine levels in serum. (bmj.com)
Some biometric screening will recommend checking your Cotinine levels, which is a metabolite from nicotine. (onemedical.com)
Urine cotinine and fasting plasma ascorbic acid levels were measured for all participants. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
Back in the early 1990s, NCEH's Tobacco Laboratory developed a method for measuring levels of cotinine in a person's bloodstream. (cdc.gov)
Interlaboratory comparability of serum cotinine measurements at smoker and nonsmoker concentration levels: A round robin study. (gov.scot)
The study examined the long-term effects of specially-designed text messages by testing the levels of cotinine (a chemical found in tobacco) found in participants' saliva after they reported they had stopped smoking for six months. (sciencedaily.com)
No association was evident in children whose mothers had cotinine levels ≤1.90 ng/ml. (biomedcentral.com)
7 - 9 Literature quotes paucity in data, highlighting the changes occurring in antioxidative levels in smokers. (thejcdp.com)
For the determination of cotinine levels, Bioassay Technology Laboratory kit was used using ELISA technique. (thejcdp.com)
Toenail nicotine levels as a bio- Americans for Non-smokers Rights Founda- Ashley MJ, Cohen J, Fer ence R (20 1). (who.int)
Women were grouped according to smoking status, confirmed by maternal serum cotinine measurements, and analyte levels between groups were compared. (who.int)
Only responses to the questions asked of persons who participated in the examination component of the survey were used, so that serum levels of cotinine could be available for analysis. (cdc.gov)
The measure changed from counting the number of non-smokers with cotinine levels greater than 0.10 ng/ml to counting the number of non-smokers with cotinine levels greater than or equal to 0.05 ng/ml. (cdc.gov)

Pregnancy is a window of opportunity for health professionals to help smokers quit. (racgp.org.au)
While quitting smoking can be very difficult for some smokers, there are smoking cessation programs and medications that can help smokers quit. (sharecare.com)

When a nonsmoker comes in contact with secondhand smoke, the negative health effects are about the same as for the smoker. (cdc.gov)
The measurement was used as an indicator of the risks for a smoker and a nonsmoker who is exposed to secondhand smoke. (cdc.gov)

1, 2 Mainly, three biological measurements have been used to validate self reported smoking: carbon monoxide, thiocyanate, and cotinine. (bmj.com)
The study compared clinical measurements from exclusive Vuse consumers with smokers. (businesswire.com)
Increased tremor was found in the group of smokers/snuffers compared to the non-smokers/non-snuffers for several parameters on the tremor measurements, e.g. geometric mean tremor intensity of 0.14 m/s2 (range 0.09-0.40) in the smokers/snuffers versus 0.11 m/s2 (range 0.07-0.22) in the non-smokers/non-snuffers for the dominant hand were quantified. (stami.no)
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fetal NT, maternal serum free beta-hCG, PAPP-A and cotinine measurements. (who.int)

Participants 612 self reported pregnant smokers in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde who were English speaking, at least 16 years of age, less than 24 weeks pregnant, and had an exhaled carbon monoxide breath test result of 7 ppm or more. (bmj.com)

0.05) in 29 non-snuffing smokers. (nih.gov)

The exclusive Vuse consumer and former smoker groups were also tested for the biomarker, CEVal, to ensure they had not smoked cigarettes during the preceding six months. (businesswire.com)

Objective To assess the efficacy of a financial incentive added to routine specialist pregnancy stop smoking services versus routine care to help pregnant smokers quit. (bmj.com)
Point-of-care urine testing for cotinine has potential to promote smoking cessation during pregnancy, particularly in light of denial of tobacco use among a high percentage of pregnant smokers. (annfammed.org)

However, most smokers who become pregnant continue to smoke and most of those who quit relapse after delivery. (racgp.org.au)
Quitting is more difficult for these groups and interventions assist only sixin every 100 pregnant smokers to quit. (racgp.org.au)
In Australia, 14.5% women report smoking while pregnant and 1 in 6 of these smokers quits before delivery. (racgp.org.au)
Smoking is also a marker for mental illness and almost 50% of pregnant smokers have a mental health disorder of some kind. (racgp.org.au)
Owing to the normalisation of smoking in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander households, it is difficult for pregnant women to avoid other smokers and obtain support from family and partners. (racgp.org.au)
Accelerated metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant smokers. (jptcp.com)

Of those participants who reported to have smoked at any time during their life but not during the previous month, 6.3% of men and 5.2% of women had a serum cotinine concentration of at least 10 ng/ml. (bmj.com)

Self reported smoking and serum cotinine were compared among 743 Mexican American participants in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (bmj.com)
The messages, which were developed with input from smokers and smoking cessation professionals, encouraged participants to persevere and focused on their success so far. (sciencedaily.com)
No incentive was given to the health effects suggest that it leads waterpipe smokers while 40% smoked participants and they were free to par- to cancer, genetic damage, diseases both cigarettes and the waterpipe [19]. (who.int)

Monoclonal antibody ELISA for cotinine in saliva and urine of active and passive smokers. (nih.gov)
Most of current SC services depend on passive referral strategies that require smokers to seek assistance on their own, such as calling the quit-line or attending the SC clinics [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The recorded active and passive smokers [7-12]. (who.int)

The majority of smokers have no plans to quit in the near future. (rand.org)
2 Cigarettes are the most common form of smoking employed by a majority of smokers. (thejcdp.com)

These complacent smokers are less likely to quit than other smokers, and few interventions are known to reduce smoking in this population. (rand.org)
Contingency management procedures, such as those used here, may effectively promote cessation among complacent smokers and provide a model for understanding the possible effects of some environmental interventions (like workplace smoking bans) on the behavior of complacent smokers. (rand.org)
This randomized clinical trial (N = 1,640) tests the effect of two interventions on long-term quit rates of hospitalized smokers in a 2 x 2 factorial design. (biomedcentral.com)
A 2007 Cochrane Review on studies of hospitalized smokers suggests that interventions need to last at least one month post-discharge to have a statistically detectable effect. (biomedcentral.com)

Stereospecific monoclonal antibodies to nicotine and cotinine and their use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (nih.gov)
Cotinine assays provide an objective quantitative measure that is more reliable than smoking history or counting the number of cigarettes smoked per day. (biomedcentral.com)

Biochemically validated daily smokers will be proactively recruited in the community from 68 clusters (recruitment sessions). (biomedcentral.com)
The rates of daily smokers in in- and outpatients were compared using the same smoking habit questionnaire to those in the 2019 French general population, after standardisation for sex and age. (frontiersin.org)
The inpatient group was composed of 340 patients, median age of 66 years: 203 men (59.7%) and 137 women (40.3%), median age of both 66 years, with a rate of 4.1% daily smokers (CI 95% [2.3-6.9]) (5.4% of men and 2.2% of women). (frontiersin.org)
Amongst inpatients, daily smokers represented 2.2 and 3.4% of the 45 dead patients and of the 29 patients transferred to ICU, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
The rate of daily smokers was significantly lower in patients with symptomatic COVID-19, as compared to that in the French general population after standardisation by age and sex, with standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) of 0.24 [0.12-0.48] for outpatients and 0.24 [0.14-0.40] for inpatients. (frontiersin.org)

Other collaborators included QUIT, a UK charity which helps smokers who want to give up, and Primary Care Research Networks. (sciencedaily.com)

These were very heavy smokers, for many years," says Abraham Zangen, a neuroscientist at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel, who led the study 1 . (nature.com)
The OR of heavy smokers (7.9) were approximately twice that of light smokers (4.2) in a survey of Thai adults (10). (bvsalud.org)

The misclassification was larger among subjects who were black, had a high school education or less, or were former smokers. (bmj.com)

As an initial step in assessing these users, the present study assessed what proportion of smokers use smokeless tobacco ('dual users'), who these users are and how they are using these products in comparison to other tobacco users. (bmj.com)

A recent meta-analysis of 15,593 smokers (20 RCTs) showed that the overall odds of smoking abstinence in text messaging group were 1.37 times higher than the control group [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Conclusions Only 29% of smokers with an SMD successfully quit smoking which was significantly lower than the 38% of smokers without an SMD. (bmj.com)

Allowance for smokers to choose their preferred service providers and cessation methods might also improve smokers' engagement in the service and hence enhance the outcomes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Measuring cotinine is preferable to measuring nicotine because cotinine persists longer in the body with a plasma half-life of about 16 hours (Benowitz and Jacob, 1994).However, non-Hispanic blacks metabolize cotinine more slowly than do non-Hispanic whites (Benowitz et al. (cdc.gov)

Vaping continues to grow in importance, as adult smokers seek reduced-risk alternative nicotine products. (businesswire.com)
Dr James Murphy, Director, Research and Science at BAT, said: "Vaping continues to grow in importance, as adult smokers seek reduced-risk alternative nicotine products. (koreanewswire.co.kr)
We recruited adult smokers participating in the Ascure online smoking cessation program in Japan from June 2019 to February 2021. (jmir.org)
In India (1), 32.7% of males are smokers, while in the United States (US) (3), approximately 25% of the adult population smokes cigarettes. (bvsalud.org)

The decline found in smokers may suggest a reduction in the amount of smoking after intervention. (nih.gov)
Research has suggested that these smokers required intensive intervention to help them give up and so stop their decline of lung function, he said. (gponline.com)

The objective of this study is to compare 2 different intensities of SC active referral for smokers in the community of Hong Kong. (biomedcentral.com)
This will be the first trial on evaluating the efficacy of the 2 different intensities of SC active referral on smoking cessation in community smokers. (biomedcentral.com)
Former and active smokers were excluded from the study. (nih.gov)

Smokers with COPD were more dependent on nicotine, smoked more and had no more motivation to give up than smokers without lung disease. (gponline.com)
Diagnosis could improve if spirometers were used to screen smokers over 40 years old for COPD, he suggested. (gponline.com)

Cell phones could hold the key to people giving up smoking after a program involving sending motivational and supportive text messages to smokers doubled quit rates at six months. (sciencedaily.com)

According to recent human data the major metabolite found in urine is hydroxylated cotinine. (bmj.com)
Research published in 2021 found that Black cigar smokers who were interested in cessation had not been asked by their healthcare provider if they smoked cigars, and those who were asked reported a lack of support for cessation. (medscape.com)
Research has found that brief counseling provided to smokers while they are hospitalized has limited effect on prolonged abstinence [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nicotine can be found in breast milk and even in mucus from the cervix of a female smoker. (sharecare.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms1

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science2

Health Care7

Nonsmokers19

Salivary5

Metabolite of nicotine4

Concentrations7

Urinary9

Detectable level of cotinine2

Cigarette22

Serum cotinine levels1

Regular smokers4

Prevalence6

Current smokers3

Urine for cotinine1

Decrease in cotinine1

Exposure11

Levels17

Help smokers quit2

Nonsmoker2

Measurements4

Carbon monoxide1

0.051

Biomarker1

Pregnancy2

Pregnant6

Concentration1

Participants3

Passive3

Majority of smokers2

Interventions4

Assays2

Daily smokers5

Helps smokers1

Heavy smokers2

Former smokers1

Study assessed1

Smoking abstinence1

Significantly1

Methods1

Persists1

Adult4

Intervention2

Active3

COPD2

Quit rates1

Found4