OrganismsPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CarePublication CharacteristicsGeographicals
MoroccoAfrica, NorthernAlgeriaDesert ClimateMauritaniaGovernmentSpainCemeteriesFuneral RitesChadHistory, AncientNewsNewspapersSapotaceaeFinancing, GovernmentMass MediaArchaeologyBurialFederal GovernmentMediterranean RegionDrug IndustryLocal GovernmentRadarGovernment RegulationGeographyFossilsSuriname
1975SovereigntyMoroccanNorth West AAfricaPolisario FrontSpain's north African enclave of CeutaIndependenceConflictPhosphate rockMorocco'sCeutaMigrantsAlgeriaDiplomatic2018MauritaniaColony2017ReferendumInvestorsUnited NationsKingdom of MoroRabatWSRWMadridNGOsTunisiaSaharawiSocialistYearsToday'sTerritoryAlgerianOfficialsAuthoritiesImportsSpainBorderStruggleReportDecadesOrganizationPracticesJournalistsDesertVictimsProtestDemocraticInternationalReportsOccupationExamsProvinceCountriesStatePeopleCrisisBringing
19755
  • Spain took control of Western Sahara in the 19th century and remained there until shortly before dictator Francisco Franco's death in 1975. (wsrw.org)
  • The North African neighbours have been locked in a bitter rivalry for decades over the disputed territory of Western Sahara, which was a Spanish colony until 1975. (mailerlite.com)
  • Once colonized as the Spanish Sahara, the area has been in dispute since Spain relinquished it in 1975. (finalcall.com)
  • The Polisario has engaged an armed independence struggle against Morocco from 1975 until a United Nations brokered ceasefire was reached in 1991. (finalcall.com)
  • The Polisario Front headed by Ghali has fought for many years for the independence of Western Sahara , a desert region which was a Spanish territory until 1975. (spainenglish.com)
Sovereignty6
  • Spanish-Moroccan relations have worsened since December, when President Trump said the U.S. would recognize Morocco's sovereignty over Western Sahara, a former Spanish colonial territory, in return for Morocco's recognition of Israel. (confluenceinvestment.com)
  • The Trump administration as part of this so-called Abraham Accords bought off Morocco by supporting Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara," said Mr. Fletcher. (finalcall.com)
  • Analysts said it was clear Morocco had turned a blind eye to the flow of people entering Ceuta in order to put diplomatic pressure on Spain to recognize its sovereignty over Western Sahara. (inquirer.net)
  • It seems that even in this 21st century the United States of America government does not respect the sovereignty of African states and the territorial integrity of the continent. (aalbc.com)
  • 8 Thus, when Spain signalled its plan to hold a self-determination referendum for Saharawis in 1974, Morocco and Mauritania again expressed their own cases for territorial sovereignty over Western Sahara. (tni.org)
  • It should be noted that the article set conditions that still seem impossible for Paris to meet: it demanded recognition of Morocco's sovereignty over the former Spanish Sahara, an international dispute that dates back to the 1970s. (worldcrunch.com)
Moroccan17
  • For over 40 years, a Moroccan state-owned company has exported phosphate rock from occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
  • The Moroccan government is also angry that Spain is providing medical care to Brahim Ghali, the head of the Polisario Front, which has been fighting for the independence of the Western Sahara region for years. (confluenceinvestment.com)
  • Additionally, media reports said the deal included an alleged $3 billion investment package for Moroccan banks, hotels and a renewable energy company owned by Morocco's King Mohammed VI, said the New York Times. (finalcall.com)
  • However, Reuters did not report on the most interesting part of the news: the CEO informed that the contract between the Moroccan exporter OCP and the part of Nutrien that used to be called Agrium is ending now in 2018. (spsrasd.info)
  • This has a value of approximately 276 million USD, paid to the Moroccan government. (spsrasd.info)
  • Besides Nutrien, there are only three other companies globally that purchase from Western Sahara: an Indian subsidiary of the Moroccan exporting company, in addition to two farmer-owned cooperatives on New Zealand. (spsrasd.info)
  • Moroccan migrants save a subsaharian migrant who had difficulty in the water as he attempted to swim from the northern town of Fnideq across the border from Morocco to Spain's North African enclave of Ceuta on May 19, 2021. (inquirer.net)
  • Fnideq, Morocco - Moroccan high school student Mohamed, 17, dropped everything - his studies, his final exams, even his family - to try to reach the Spanish enclave of Ceuta, like countless other youngsters who see no future in the North African country. (inquirer.net)
  • Most have been sent straight back by the Spanish authorities, who have been angered by the blind eye turned by Moroccan border guards as the youngsters streamed across to the tiny enclave of 84,000 people. (inquirer.net)
  • As Spain pressed on with its mass repatriations, anxious parents gathered on the Moroccan side of the border desperate for news of their loved ones. (inquirer.net)
  • He was deeply critical of the treatment of the youths by both the Spanish and Moroccan governments. (inquirer.net)
  • His allegation against the Moroccan authorities has been echoed by the Spanish government. (inquirer.net)
  • Secondly, the authors go on to argue that energy (potentially) produced in occupied Western Sahara contributes to the diplomacy of the Moroccan regime abroad, furthering its colonial hold on occupied Western Sahara. (tni.org)
  • Since its independence in 1956, and with expansionist ambitions, the Moroccan regime has expressed its dream of a 'Greater Morocco', which would encompass Western Sahara, Mauritania and parts of Algeria and Mali. (tni.org)
  • The earthquake that struck Morocco on Friday night has had a significant impact in France , not only due to the large Franco-Moroccan community here, but also because of the longstanding human connection between France and its former Maghreb protectorate . (worldcrunch.com)
  • Relations between Spain and Morocco are already strained, given Ghali's continued treatment in a Spanish hospital and the recent influx of Moroccan migrants at the Spanish enclave of Ceuta , when border guards allegedly did little to prevent over 7,000 Moroccans from attempting to cross the border into Spanish territory. (spainenglish.com)
  • Spain and Morocco had been cooperating in efforts to fight terrorism, drug smuggling and migration into Europe, but when Ghali checked into a Spanish hospital under a false identity in April, arriving by plane with an Algerian diplomatic passport and with the consent of the Spanish government, Moroccan government officials were infuriated. (spainenglish.com)
North West A1
  • As President Joseph Biden has been reversing policies of his predecessor, questions are floating about what his administration will do concerning the issue of Western Sahara, a disputed territory in North West Africa where conflict has recently escalated into war. (finalcall.com)
Africa8
  • Buying phosphates and fertilisers from Morocco supported the illegal occupation of Western Sahara, says Mohamed Beissat, the territory's Foreign Affairs Minister for Africa. (wsrw.org)
  • Morocco possesses the "last colony in Africa" with its occupation of the Western Sahara, which it long claimed since 1957 as its southern province. (finalcall.com)
  • loved by historians in the diverse South, and started by the Federal Government, it announced a l in complex Africa( Liberia) for based counts. (lenasemmler.de)
  • That was two months after America had bombed a small African country, Somalia, destabilising it to the ashes it is today and to the danger it now poses to Africa and international trade. (aalbc.com)
  • The American apologists of Africom suggested that the creation of this American military structure under the American Defence Department 'has turned out to be different from what the USA government had originally envisioned and what the United States of America had originally perceived, having quickly foresworn locating its headquarters in Africa. (aalbc.com)
  • The Spanish colonization of Western Sahara started in 1884, after the Berlin Conference, in which the European states divided up Africa among themselves, with Western Sahara becoming a Spanish possession. (tni.org)
  • While Angola might be the second largest producer of diamonds and petroleum anywhere in Africa below the Sahara, it also has one of the lowest life expectancies and highest infant mortality rates in Africa, and indeed in the world. (vlondonescorts.co.uk)
  • North Africa Morocco Algeria & Tunisia. (antiquemapsandprints.com)
Polisario Front5
  • The Polisario Front is the group that has been at war with Morocco over the years for the territory. (finalcall.com)
  • In February 1976, the Polisario Front declared Western Sahara to be the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), with the support of allies that included Algeria. (finalcall.com)
  • The influx comes against the backdrop of increased tensions with Morocco over Spain's decision to provide medical treatment for the leader of the Polisario Front. (inquirer.net)
  • A Spanish investigating magistrate today questioned in court Brahim Ghali , leader of the Algeria-backed Polisario Front , about two allegations relating to war crimes. (spainenglish.com)
  • Today, Morocco controls 80% of the territory, with the rest run by the Polisario Front. (spainenglish.com)
Spain's north African enclave of Ceuta1
  • Raising the specter of a new migrant crisis in Europe, a record number of migrants have entered Spain's north African enclave of Ceuta after Morocco scaled back the policing of its border , following a diplomatic rift between the two countries. (confluenceinvestment.com)
Independence5
  • Western Sahara has campaigned for independence since the 1970s when the Spanish colonial power moved out and Morocco took control. (wsrw.org)
  • Saharawis take part in 2014 conference on self-determination and independence held in Morocco. (finalcall.com)
  • The Sahrawis make up 500,000 people, with 170,000 living in UN administered refugee camps in Algeria and who fled a vicious independence war against Morocco that began in 1976. (finalcall.com)
  • Around this time, organized mass movements for Saharawi independence emerged, the first of which was the Vanguard Organization for the Liberation of the Sahara, which was formed in 1968 by Mohamed Sidi Brahim Bassiri. (tni.org)
  • Brahim Ghali , leader of a movement seeking independence from Morocco and who is at the centre of a diplomatic row between Rabat and Madrid, flew out of Spain to Algeria on Tuesday night, his group said - soon after testifying via video conference in a court hearing in Madrid (see original report below). (spainenglish.com)
Conflict5
  • The law criminalizing speech regarding security force conduct during the internal conflict of the 1990s remained in place, although the government stated there had never been an arrest or prosecution under the law. (state.gov)
  • The Israeli-Hamas conflict remains a major story, although there has been little to no direct impact on the financial markets so far. (confluenceinvestment.com)
  • The little-known conflict was exacerbated in the final weeks of the Donald Trump administration by an unprecedented decision to recognize a sovereign claim to the territory by the Kingdom of Morocco. (finalcall.com)
  • Popular among Spanish voters, he shows a decidedly undiplomatic relish for conflict. (eurotrib.com)
  • Below, after giving a brief history of the Western Sahara conflict, the authors firstly identify forms of extractivism in occupied Western Sahara and map who contributes to, and profits from, extractive industries there. (tni.org)
Phosphate rock7
  • The invasion of Ukraine causes a massive increase in Morocco's profits from its illegal plunder of phosphate rock from occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
  • The pressure is mounting on the New Zealand importers of phosphate rock from occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
  • During an investor conference in Whistler, British Columbia, on 25 January, Chuck Magro, Nutrien's President and CEO, told that the company has an intention to stop buying phosphate rock from Western Sahara. (spsrasd.info)
  • The company purchases half of the phosphate rock from Western Sahara. (spsrasd.info)
  • Since it began its imports in 2013, Agrium has imported around 27% of the phosphate rock that Morocco is excavating in the territory under occupation. (spsrasd.info)
  • The Saharawi government has in 2017 taken the first legal actions against the players involved in the trade with Morocco over the phosphate rock. (spsrasd.info)
  • The Saharawis have not given permission to PotashCorp to purchase the phosphate rock from the government that is illegally occupying their territory. (spsrasd.info)
Morocco's2
  • Critics say taking Morocco's side disqualified the U.S. as a credible broker on the Western Sahara issue. (finalcall.com)
  • In the case of Morocco, until Mr. Trump recognized Morocco's illegal land claim, America maintained relations with a noncommittal posture toward the contradiction. (finalcall.com)
Ceuta4
  • Reports indicate Spanish Prime Minister Sánchez has mobilized army troops in Ceuta to help the police and civil guard patrol the border. (confluenceinvestment.com)
  • In recent years, the government has reinforced its entire migration control deployment, from the Guardia Civil's maritime action vessels to the network of external surveillance radars, including the modernisation of the fences of Ceuta and Melilla, equipped with the latest technology. (braveneweurope.com)
  • Spain stepped up diplomatic pressure on Rabat as its prime minister flew into Ceuta, vowing to "restore order" in the North African enclave after a record 8,000 migrants reached its beaches from Morocco. (inquirer.net)
  • Another girl said she saw her in Ceuta but I have no news and nobody knows anything. (inquirer.net)
Migrants2
  • The reinforcement of border controls on the Turkish and Libyan routes, as well as instability in the Sahel countries and problems with Morocco, which uses migrants as an instrument of pressure against the Spanish government, have increased migratory flows towards the Canary Islands and, to a lesser extent, the mainland. (braveneweurope.com)
  • It was widely interpreted that the attempted influx of migrants during this incident was a direct retaliation for Spain's decision to treat Ghali in a Spanish hospital. (spainenglish.com)
Algeria5
Diplomatic1
  • Vanuatu recently established diplomatic links with Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
20184
  • Nutrien emerged as a new Canadian company on the first week of January 2018, as a merger between PotashCorp and Agrium. (spsrasd.info)
  • Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW) on 7 January 2018 wrote about the massive involvement of Nutrien. (spsrasd.info)
  • It is expected that many investors during the first six months of 2018 will automatically apply the old Agrium/PotashCorp exclusion decisions on the new company Nutrien. (spsrasd.info)
  • On 10 January 2018, the General-Advocate of the EU underlined that EU and Morocco cannot include Western Sahara in a bilateral fisheries agreement, as Western Sahara is a separate territory from Morocco. (spsrasd.info)
Mauritania5
  • Morocco and Mauritania then took control of the region. (wsrw.org)
  • Mauritania withdrew in 1979 and Morocco filled the vacuum. (wsrw.org)
  • That year, more than 23,000 people arrived in cayuco and patera boats, most of them from Western Sahara under the control of Morocco, Mauritania and Senegal. (braveneweurope.com)
  • The two states' claims - that ahead of Spain's colonization, Western Sahara had belonged to Greater Morocco and Greater Mauritania - were heard by the International Court of Justice. (tni.org)
  • 9 Spain, however, signed an illegal tripartite agreement with Morocco and Mauritania, which divided Western Sahara between the two African countries and gave Spain a 35 per cent share of profits from Western Sahara's phosphates reserves, as well as continued access to Western Sahara's fisheries. (tni.org)
Colony1
  • 1 In Western Sahara, these challenges and crises are shaped by its continued condition as a colony. (tni.org)
20171
  • Already in a letter from Agrium to WSRW in April 2017, the company stated that it looks to other sources for its production in Redwater, Canada, imported via Vancouver. (spsrasd.info)
Referendum2
  • A referendum needed to be held to give Western Saharans the choice of remaining part of Morocco, seeking autonomy or becoming an independent country, he says. (wsrw.org)
  • The UN installed a peacekeeping force called the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) charged with monitoring the truce and coordinating the referendum on self-determination in the Western Sahara. (finalcall.com)
Investors2
  • While we welcome the decision to halt imports to Vancouver, we call on global investors who have already excluded one of the two companies to immediately apply their exclusions to Nutrien. (spsrasd.info)
  • Investors need to shy Nutrien until its role in the plunder has effectively stopped, and the last vessel has been shipped to the company', Valentin said. (spsrasd.info)
United Nations2
  • Western Sahara has been on the United Nations' decolonisation list since 1990. (wsrw.org)
  • 5 Spanish Sahara (Western Sahara) was included in the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories to be decolonized in 1963. (tni.org)
Kingdom of Moro1
  • This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Morocco and the former entities that ruled the modern polity. (wikipedia.org)
Rabat2
  • Yet 72 hours after the disaster, the offers of assistance from the French government, including those from Emmanuel Macron himself, had still not received a response from Rabat. (worldcrunch.com)
  • Rabat immediately retorted, 'Relations are neither friendly nor good, not between the two governments nor between the royal palace and the Elysée. (worldcrunch.com)
WSRW1
  • The people of Western Sahara cannot wait for Nutrien to stop at the same, slow pace to Baton Rouge as it has done to Vancouver', chair of WSRW, Sylvia Valentin, stated. (spsrasd.info)
Madrid1
  • Indra not only operates Renfe's website or designs applications such as Covid Radar, but also maintains the radar network used by the Guardia Civil to intercept small boats, manages the video cameras at border crossings and supplies fingerprint and passport scanners for Barcelona and Madrid airports. (braveneweurope.com)
NGOs3
  • NGOs reported in 2020 that they stopped holding events outside private locations due to longstanding government suppression and pressure on owners of public gathering spaces. (state.gov)
  • Proof of this is that the most numerous nationality in the last migration crisis at the gates of Melilla - which resulted in 23 deaths, according to Morocco, and 37 according to NGOs - was Sudanese. (braveneweurope.com)
  • We are not talking about youths aged 16, 17 - children as young as seven or eight were allowed through according to NGOs … ignoring international law," said Spanish Defence Minister Margarita Robles. (inquirer.net)
Tunisia1
Saharawi3
  • 3 The story told here, which aims to highlight the voices of the Saharawi population that is indigenous to Western Sahara, is different. (tni.org)
  • A small sample of Saharawi initiatives there are analysed in terms of how they might relate to, or inform, a just transition. (tni.org)
  • At first, the Spanish presence in so-called 'Spanish Sahara' was limited to fishing the coastal waters and trading with Saharawi tribes. (tni.org)
Socialist2
  • The 72-year-old Spanish Socialist has ruffled feathers in Moscow, Washington, Tel Aviv and London -- not to mention in Catalonia. (eurotrib.com)
  • The British government did not like the socialist policies of President Milton Obote. (aalbc.com)
Years4
  • Penalties for convictions under the bill, which does not distinguish among news reports, social media, and other media, include prison terms of two to five years and fines. (state.gov)
  • Agrium was during these years the biggest importer from Western Sahara. (spsrasd.info)
  • Without Enzyme Catalyst, Slowest been new armature is 1 Trillion Years, Biocompare Life Science News, 5 May 2003. (valleybay.com)
  • understand limulus in the limelight a species 350 million years in the making molecules into your Web opinion or Facebook meeting little Web works. (kobeltonline.de)
Today's2
Territory5
  • Beissat visited New Zealand en route to this week's Pacific Islands Forum in Niue where he was due to meet leaders and put forward the case for official recognition of the territory. (wsrw.org)
  • Western Sahara Resource Watch works to uncover the plunder of the territory and to keep the companies and governments accountable for their support to the occupation. (wsrw.org)
  • The SADR controls 20 percent of its territory-mostly barren desert, while 80 percent is controlled by Morocco. (finalcall.com)
  • According to WSRW's calculations, the new company Nutrien is, by far, the biggest funder of the illegal occupation of the territory of Western Sahara. (spsrasd.info)
  • In addition to announcing the halt of imports directly into Canada, Mr. Magro told that the company will, in half a year from now, make a decision on what to do with the PotashCorp imports from the territory. (spsrasd.info)
Algerian1
Officials3
  • Independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. (state.gov)
  • Government officials monitored political meetings. (state.gov)
  • Press outlets reported taking extra caution before publishing articles critical of the government or government officials due to fear of losing revenue from ANEP. (state.gov)
Authorities1
Imports2
  • While other companies internationally have managed to find alternative sources of phosphate - and in spite of a request of the New Zealand government that they do the same - the Kiwi fertilizer industry seems unwilling to drop its imports from occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
  • The clarification from the Nutrien CEO last week that the current imports to PotashCorp contitutes 'a little bit' is not correct. (spsrasd.info)
Spain5
  • Morocco is now frustrated that Spain hasn't followed the U.S. lead. (confluenceinvestment.com)
  • Speaking to The Final Call from Spain, Mr. Said argued, the U.S. has no rights to the Western Sahara to make it a part of any deal. (finalcall.com)
  • When Spain left, Morocco laid claim to the area triggering a resistance movement by the indigenous Sahrawi people refusing annexation of their lands. (finalcall.com)
  • Although it is the largest country in the Spanish speaking world, it is far less densely populated than Mexico, Spain or Columbia. (vlondonescorts.co.uk)
  • Ghali departed Spain hours after testifying via videoconference in a Spanish investigation into allegations against him of torture, genocide and other crimes (see below). (spainenglish.com)
Border1
  • On the border between Eastern and Western Europe, this country encapsulates the best aspects of both. (vlondonescorts.co.uk)
Struggle1
  • In the same year, they launched an armed struggle against the Spanish. (tni.org)
Report1
  • We end our report with the latest news on the coronavirus pandemic, including reports that many major U.S. retailers are lifting mask mandates in their stores-a move that could further boost Americans' optimism and encourage more spending. (confluenceinvestment.com)
Decades1
  • They (Morocco) have subverted democracy for all of these decades," Mr. Washington said. (finalcall.com)
Organization2
  • A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. (state.gov)
  • Our Company In interested January 1941 a ethnic but positive such free bios наиболее Revised a total gender to minor thoughts in Beirut for a important depth with organization Germany. (villarootbarrier.com)
Practices2
  • Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and significant funding of public-sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. (state.gov)
  • always, really, page-load and rate please edited as Objects in a exception of complete l. practices do little through VitalSource. (villarootbarrier.com)
Journalists2
  • While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists were limited in their ability to criticize the government on topics crossing unwritten "red lines. (state.gov)
  • Civil society organizations, protest leaders and journalists critical of the government have become the victims of violence and intimidation by the security services. (eurotrib.com)
Desert1
Victims1
  • Morocco has warned the Spanish government that allowing Ghali to 'go home, by pass Spanish justice and ignore the victims' would exacerbate relations between the two countries. (spainenglish.com)
Protest1
  • Hong Kong police have permitted a small protest march , against a proposed land reclamation and rubbish processing project, under tight restrictions. (mailerlite.com)
Democratic1
  • democratic governance and ecological resilience' - in Western Sahara. (tni.org)
International1
  • He underlined that Western Sahara is under occupation, and that the international humanitarian law applies. (spsrasd.info)
Reports3
  • We described the situation in Western Sahara in our Weekly Geopolitical Reports of March 1 and March 8 . (confluenceinvestment.com)
  • These news reports are updated on an ongoing basis. (africaports.co.za)
  • Almost immediately, there are reports that US government has sent an army to Uganda to find Joseph Kony and rescue Uganda's children. (aalbc.com)
Occupation1
  • He pointed out that Morocco through strong lobbying efforts has garnered the support of many Democrats including Black lawmakers to certify its illegal occupation of the Western Sahara. (finalcall.com)
Exams1
Province1
  • This drive is of 36,563 authors, most of which are up a scary pantry of the Nunavut Province and a smaller name of the Northwest Territories. (nukefix.org)
Countries2
  • The protests on Sunday, organised by the government, were also directed against countries who have called for an end to the violence. (africacenter.org)
  • A monarchy, yet free of some of the constrictions that bind other Middle Eastern countries, this little island's affluence is visible almost everywhere. (vlondonescorts.co.uk)
State1
  • It came five days after the government declared a nationwide state of emergency ostensibly to protect civilians from the TPLF, which has claimed key gains in recent days while floating a possible march on the capital. (africacenter.org)
People1
  • Although a comparatively small country, there are a fair number of Armenians living in London, and much to the joy and delight of native Londoners, many of these people have decided to become escorts, to give London a taste of what Armenian escorts are really like. (vlondonescorts.co.uk)
Crisis2
  • In the midst of an escalating migration crisis, Spain's government outsourced migration control. (braveneweurope.com)
  • This policy shift provided a lucrative opportunity for companies operating in the crisis hotspots. (braveneweurope.com)
Bringing1
  • experimental industries almost found by secondary students in legislation and new are little to leave included expanding old such kinds, simple to half leaves Bringing on brave willing and little levels. (valleybay.com)