Skull injuries child abuse. Medical search. Frequent questions

Although infants and young children with rickets can fracture bones, a vast majority of fractures identified in abused infants are not caused by bone disease. (medscape.com)
Test results have shown that 10 times more force is required to fracture a cadaveric skull with overlaying scalp than the one without. (medscape.com)
Cerebrospinal fluid leak occurs in 10-30% of skull base fractures and most often presents with rhinorrhea (80% of cases) in the setting of frontobasal fracture. (medscape.com)
The causative forces and fracture pattern, type, extent, and position are important in assessing the sustained injury. (medscape.com)
Outcome measures were frequency of CT-head, and diagnostic yield of intracranial injury, skull fracture or both. (bmj.com)
30-year-old Carrie Heller is charged with first degree reckless homicide after the death of seven-month-old who suffered injuries including a skull fracture and brain swelling, according to court documents. (cbs58.com)
Child abuse specialists consulted by authorities said the injuries - including a skull fracture and brain swelling - were inconsistent with either of her stories. (cbs58.com)
According to court records, the child suffered a fracture to the skull and bleeding between the brain and protective membrane. (dailyjournalonline.com)
Shortly after noon that day, Mother had taken A.E.1 to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with multiple head injuries, namely, a right frontal scalp hematoma, a nondisplaced frontal and temporal fracture, a subdural hematoma, and a concussion. (findlaw.com)
Because of the skull fracture, A.E.1 was transferred to a second hospital. (findlaw.com)
In Bartlesville, Oklahoma, a 4 year old suffered serious personal injuries in the form of a skull fracture. (childinjurylawyerblog.com)
For instance, a bruise behind the ear could point towards the presence of a fracture somewhere in the skull. (infantcpr.com)
The bruise is behind the ear which could indicate a skull fracture. (infantcpr.com)
After Dyron was in the hospital for a few days, doctors determined that he had suffered a lineal skull fracture and that the injury was a result of trauma. (case.law)
Infant/toddler skull fracture (1 in 3 NAI). (scottishpaeds.org.uk)
From a bump on the head to a concussion, skull fracture, or traumatic brain injury. (excellenceer.com)
METHODS: Standardized data collection across institutions included historical features, fracture characteristics, and additional injuries, as well as the CAP's determination of accident versus abuse. (bvsalud.org)
Bilateral simple linear fractures were more common in accidental cases, 79% versus 35%, whereas a complex fracture was more frequent in abuse cases, 55% versus 21% (P (bvsalud.org)

An analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) examined child abuse and neglect hospitalization in the United States from 1998 to 2016. (medscape.com)
Researchers found that the rate of child abuse or neglect hospitalizations-on average, 6.9 per 100,000 children annually-did not vary significantly over the study period. (medscape.com)
Hospitalizations due to child abuse and neglect remain steady and are costly, averaging over $116 million per year. (medscape.com)
This case shows that although child abuse often involves an action that harms the child, inaction such as neglect can also cause harm. (medscape.com)
Child abuse can be defined differently from state to state, but commonly presents in the form of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, neglect and abandonment. (bartleby.com)
Out of the 3.3 million referrals, 899,000 children were officially documented as being maltreated(Child Abuse & Neglect 2015). (bartleby.com)
On December 6, 2017, San Bernardino County Children and Family Services (CFS) received an immediate response referral alleging physical abuse and general neglect of A.E.1. (findlaw.com)
If a factor of physical abuse is added to this neglect, there may be marked psychological changes such as depression, lack of interest in games, inability to digest food, antagonistic behavior and even changes in the mentality, as evidenced by changes in the intelligence quotient. (hinduismtoday.com)
Healthcare professionals, regardless of their discipline or field, are in a unique position to assist in the identification, education, and prevention of child abuse and neglect. (netce.com)
Hawkes, who allegedly shared an apartment with Niles and the infant, was also charged with five counts of aggravated child abuse and neglect. (wjhl.com)
While the immediate consequences of childhood abuse or neglect on its victims may involve physical or psychological trauma, the residual effects-- emotional and developmental scars--often presage problem behaviors in adolescence and adulthood. (druglibrary.net)
Using data from a large project (sponsored by the National Institute of Justice, Indiana University Biomedical Research Committee, and Harvard University's Talley Foundation) on child abuse and neglect as predictors of violent criminal behavior, researchers investigated the connection between childhood maltreatment and later arrest for alcohol and drug-related offenses. (druglibrary.net)
The early childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect cases included in this study were brought to the attention of authorities and validated by the court: either they were processed in the county juvenile court of a metropolitan area in the Midwest or drawn from adult criminal court cases where the victim was age 11 or younger. (druglibrary.net)
Neglect referred to cases in which the court found extreme failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, and medical attention to the child. (druglibrary.net)
After controlling for demographic characteristics and juvenile contact with the criminal justice system, childhood abuse and/or neglect was found to be a statistically significant predictor of having at least one alcohol- or drug-related arrest in adulthood. (druglibrary.net)
Males were significantly more likely to be arrested for substance abuse than females, regardless of whether or not they had a history of childhood abuse or neglect. (druglibrary.net)
Violence against someone else includes violent behavior conducted by an unknown perpetrator (assault) and acts of abuse and neglect conducted by a caregiver or intimate partner (maltreatment). (ahrq.gov)
Child abuse occurs in many forms and is best defined as purposeful infliction of physical or emotional harm, sexual exploitation, and/or neglect of basic needs (eg, nutrition, education, medical care). (medscape.com)
Based on these data, nationally 1,570 children died from abuse and neglect. (medscape.com)
Abuse and neglect account for 5-14% of all deaths of children. (medscape.com)
In Missouri in 2011, 24 (86%) of 28 Missouri children aged 4 years or younger died from inflicted abuse or neglect at the hand of their parents or caretakers. (medscape.com)
Child maltreatment includes all types of abuse and neglect of a child under the age of 18 by a parent, caregiver, or another person in a custodial role (eg, clergy, coach, teacher) that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. (msdmanuals.com)
Four types of maltreatment are generally recognized: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse (psychologic abuse), and neglect. (msdmanuals.com)
Abuse and neglect are often associated with physical injuries, delayed growth and development, and mental health issues. (msdmanuals.com)
About 73% of these children were victims of neglect and 43% were victims of physical abuse with or without other forms of maltreatment. (msdmanuals.com)
Communities can use evidence-based approaches, such as family-based interventions, and CDC's Essentials for Childhood Framework: Steps to Create Safe, Stable, Nurturing Relationships and Environments for All Children and Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect: A Technical Package for Policy, Norm and Programmatic Activities to promote safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments for children. (cdc.gov)
a few were also expected to potentially contribute to Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a burned or tied up [6]. (who.int)

Several studies have reported that 30-80% of confirmed physical child abuse cases were missed on initial presentation and that many infants sustained additional injury because of the delay in diagnosis. (medscape.com)
For infants and children younger than 2 years, a skeletal survey should be performed as the initial screening examination when child abuse is being considered. (medscape.com)
Infants and children with open depressed fractures require surgical intervention. (medscape.com)
The program approaches SBS/AHT and infant abuse prevention by helping parents and caregivers understand the frustrating features of crying in normal, healthy infants that can lead to shaking or abuse. (dontshake.org)
Where the technical skills and the requisite expertise to interpret MRI exist, an MRI scan may be the optimal first-line neuroimaging investigation in infants who are neurologically stable with injuries unrelated to the head to minimise cranial radiation exposure. (bmj.com)
It occurs in infants and small children because the muscles of the neck region aren't strong enough to go against the shaking force that occurs. (bartleby.com)
Infants and young children are particularly vulnerable to TBI due to their still-developing brains. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)
Shaken Baby Syndrome is a brain injury that occurs in infants when they are violently shaken. (excellenceer.com)
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Medical records for infants younger than 24 months with bilateral skull fractures involving hospital consultation with a child abuse pediatrician (CAP) were reviewed from 2005 to 2020 at 13 nationally represented institutions. (bvsalud.org)
A skeletal survey may aid in the determination of accidental or abusive injury for unwitnessed events resulting in bilateral skull fractures in infants. (bvsalud.org)
Anatomic features make infants especially prone to neurologic injury from excessive shaking or trauma. (medscape.com)
In 2009 in the United States, 1,770 fatalities from child abuse were reported and 46.2% involved infants younger than 12 months. (medscape.com)
Of those Missouri children, approximately 28% (7 of 28) were infants younger than 1 year. (medscape.com)

He testified he arrived at the hospital about two hours before the parents did and saw the child with bruises in various stages on her forehead, jaw, torso, back and thigh. (dailyjournalonline.com)
An Indiana boy who passed away last year had multiple bruises and injuries at the time of his death, according to a doctor who took the stand this week during a murder hearing in Lake County. (crimeonline.com)
Head injuries include bruises and bumps on the head, concussions, and fractured skull bones or open wounds. (griggsinjurylaw.com)
Within the context of this study, physical abuse referred to injuries such as bruises/welts, abrasions/lacerations, wounds/cuts, bone/skull fractures, and other evidence of physical injury to the child. (druglibrary.net)
Many unexplained bruises appear that are not results of injuries. (infantcpr.com)
In addition, abnormal clusters of bruises or bruising in the shape of a hand slap can signal the potential of abuse. (infantcpr.com)

Symptoms of a traumatic brain injury or concussion usually begin to present themselves within 24 to 48 hours of the fall or accident that caused the head injury. (griggsinjurylaw.com)
By far the most common head injury, concussion results from a blow to the head - a blow hard enough to jostle the brain and make it hit against the skull, causing temporary neural dysfunction, but not hard enough to cause a cerebral contusion. (health-care-clinic.org)
Differentiating between concussion and more serious head injuries requires a thorough history of the trauma and a neurologic examination. (health-care-clinic.org)
Cerebral Contusion is a Head injury that More serious than a concussion, a cerebral contusion is an ecchymosed of brain tissue that results from a severe blow to the head. (lifenurses.com)
See Pediatric Concussion and Other Traumatic Brain Injuries , a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify the signs and symptoms of TBI, determine the type and severity of injury, and initiate appropriate treatment. (medscape.com)

24.2%) accounted for most child maltreatment cases. (medscape.com)
Physical abuse was the most frequent type of maltreatment leading to hospitalization. (medscape.com)
Government insurance was the most common payer source, accounting for 77.3% of all child maltreatment hospitalizations and costing $1.4 billion from 2001 to 2016. (medscape.com)
These links will lead to additional child abuse resources for professionals, families, and survivors of child maltreatment. (dontshake.org)
It is estimated that 1,400 children died from maltreatment in the United States in 2002, and abusive head trauma (AHT) accounted for 80% of these deaths (Paul & Adamo, 2014). (bartleby.com)
Research has shown that abused or neglected children are likely candidates for delinquency and adult criminality, in general, but the relationship of maltreatment to subsequent drug or alcohol misuse, specifically, is less clear. (druglibrary.net)
After controlling for age, gender, and race, child maltreatment was found to be a significant predictor of delinquency. (druglibrary.net)
More than half (52.2 percent) of all hospitalizations related to maltreatment occurred among children. (ahrq.gov)
The causes of child maltreatment are varied. (msdmanuals.com)
In 2020, 3.9 million reports of alleged child maltreatment were made to Child Protective Services (CPS) in the US involving 7.1 million children. (msdmanuals.com)
About two thirds of all reports to Child Protective Services were made by professionals who are mandated to report maltreatment (eg, educators, law enforcement personnel, social services personnel, legal professionals, day care providers, medical or mental health personnel, foster care providers). (msdmanuals.com)
Many children were victims of multiple types of maltreatment. (msdmanuals.com)
About 1750 children died in the US of maltreatment in 2020, about half of whom were 1 year old. (msdmanuals.com)
Potential perpetrators of child maltreatment are defined slightly differently in different US states, but, in general, to legally be considered abuse, actions must be done by a person responsible for the child's welfare. (msdmanuals.com)
In the United States, abusive head trauma (AHT) is one of the leading causes of child maltreatment fatalities, accounting for approximately one third of these deaths. (cdc.gov)
Fatal AHT cases were further classified as definite or presumptive if the external cause of injury codes indicated assault or maltreatment, or probable if the external cause of injury codes were listed as undetermined. (cdc.gov)
The general objective of this study the magnitude of child maltreatment of the Arabian Peninsula, CAN was was to improve the understanding of the and the gross violation of children's documented in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, phenomenon of child physical abuse rights across the globe [1]. (who.int)

Tokue and associates presented the case of a 5-year-old girl in whom child abuse of severe dental caries was detected through computed tomography scanning when the child fell down the stairs and hit her head. (medscape.com)
Therefore, physicians should be aware that severe dental caries may be a sign of child abuse. (medscape.com)
Within the last two decades, however, professionals have become more conscious of the sometimes severe injuries and even death that many parents wreak on their children in the name of discipline. (uncg.edu)
On appeal, he did not contend that the state failed to prove that he repeatedly struck his daughter's head against the changing table, causing her to suffer from severe skull injuries and irreversible brain damage. (wisbar.org)
SBS is said to arise when an infant is shaken so hard that the brain rotates inside the skull, causing severe and potentially deadly brain injury, but often without any external signs of harm. (umich.edu)
In most of the mild cases, TBIs can be treated easily, however, surgery may be required in critical cases where the injury is severe. (drchandrilchugh.com)
With severe mental retardation, children typically acquire little if any communicative speech during preschool years, but may learn some language in school years. (hpathy.com)
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are some of the most severe types of head injuries. (griggsinjurylaw.com)
While most mild falls do not require medical treatment or cause severe harm, falls remain the leading cause of emergency room department visits due to traumatic brain injury . (griggsinjurylaw.com)
Children diagnosed with mild to severe traumatic brain injuries may suffer mental disorders, intellectual disabilities, depression/anxiety, or even seizures. (griggsinjurylaw.com)
Traumatic brain injuries can range from mild, to moderate, to severe and as a result the spectrum of impact on any individual can vary. (epilepsy.com)
More severe brain injuries often have more long-term effects and can result in significant disability or death. (epilepsy.com)
Severe head trauma with brain injury is often accompanied by other bone or organ injuries and evaluation for other bodily injury may need to be done. (epilepsy.com)
For others with moderate to severe TBI, emergency hospitalization, anti-seizure medications, ICU level care, surgery and other life-saving stabilization of injuries and treatments may be necessary. (epilepsy.com)
If no abnormalities are found and if severe head injury appears unlikely, the patient should be observed for signs of more severe cerebral trauma. (health-care-clinic.org)
obtain them whenever you suspect severe head injuries. (health-care-clinic.org)
The severity of a TBI may range from "mild," which usually involves a brief change in mental status or consciousness, to "severe," which includes an extended period of unconsciousness or amnesia after the injury. (rxwiki.com)
Treatment and outcome depend on how severe the injury is. (rxwiki.com)
People with severe injuries usually need rehabilitation. (rxwiki.com)
And to live with a moderate to severe brain injury has great impact on not only the person with the injury, but everyone around them - family, friends, caregivers, co-workers - it will change things for life. (royalalex.org)
The penalties and fines relating to this charge are severe and you could possibly lose custody of your children and be forced to register on the child abuse list which can limit your ability to adopt a child in the future. (criminallawmichigan.com)
Within the sphere of disability, individuals with severe communication disabilities are particularly vulnerable and have an increased risk of being a victim of abuse or violence and typically turn to their country's criminal justice system to seek justice. (bvsalud.org)

Meanwhile, the four other children underwent a medical examination which revealed that the one-month-old infant was having trouble breathing. (ibtimes.com)
However, their four-year-old child told investigators that Ferguson had thrown the dead infant to the ground. (ibtimes.com)
The autopsy report of the infant, however, showed no signs of traumatic injuries. (ibtimes.com)
It 's difficult to comprehend that an adult, often a parent or caregiver, would intentionally hurt an infant or child. (bartleby.com)
Below was convicted of first-degree reckless homicide and physical abuse of a child arising out of an incident that led to the death of his infant daughter, Madison. (wisbar.org)
When present in an infant who has no outward signs of abuse, this triad of symptoms indicates that the child has been violently shaken. (umich.edu)
There were no grip marks or broken bones associated with grabbing and shaking an infant, but the prosecution experts pointed to Nadia's bruising as evidence of abuse. (umich.edu)
If the infant and younger child does not receive enough personal attention, cuddling, holding, kissing and general fulfillment of his needs, he is likely to have psychological changes that will also induce changes in the gastrointestinal system, so that a state of malnutrition begins. (hinduismtoday.com)
WJHL) - A Johnson City mother accused of seriously injuring her infant child pleaded guilty in Carter County Criminal Court Friday. (wjhl.com)
She took the children, except for the sleeping infant, outside and stated that the children were in and out of the house for short periods of time, according to the sheriff's report obtained by WEAU 13 News. (usadailybrief.com)
Deputies arrested a 62-year-old woman after her 6-year-old child kills her 2-week-old Pinellas County infant. (abcactionnews.com)
When the infant is shaken, movement of the immature brain in relation to the skull and the poor muscle tone in the neck cause the bridging vessels to tear, resulting in the classic finding of a subdural hematoma. (medscape.com)
Biomechanical studies of infant trauma injuries have shown that the magnitude of angular deceleration is 50 times greater when the infant's head strikes a surface than when he or she is only shaken. (medscape.com)
check also tag CHILD or specific HN - 2008 FX - Adolescent Nutrition FX - Infant Nutrition DH - Maternal Nutrition DI - 052505 MN - SP6.021.072 MS - Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the INFANT as well as herself. (bvsalud.org)
AN - check the tag INFANT HN - 2008 FX - Child Nutrition FX - Infant Nutrition Physiology FX - Milk FX - Milk, Human DH - Adolescent Nutrition DI - 052508 MN - SP6.021.067 MS - Nutrition of persons 10 through 19 years of age. (bvsalud.org)

Physicians rely on the skills of the imaging team to produce high-quality images that assist in differentiating inflicted injuries from accidental trauma. (medscape.com)
Studies show that at least 10% of children younger than 5 years who are brought to the emergency room with trauma have actually suffered nonaccidental trauma. (medscape.com)
However, in contrast to accidental head trauma, where radiographs have largely been replaced by CT, skull radiographs are still often performed as part of the skeletal survey in evaluation of suspected nonaccidental trauma. (medscape.com)
A study of 66 skull fractures in children (mean age, 5.9 yr) supported previous evidence that routine skull radiographs are of little benefit in cases of minor head trauma and that additional CT scans are not indicated in symptomatic children with linear fractures. (medscape.com)
Childhood trauma can increase the risk of mental disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attachment issues, depression, and substance abuse. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, those who endure trauma as a child are more likely to encounter anxiety, depression, suicide and self harm, PTSD, drug and alcohol misuse and relationship difficulties. (wikipedia.org)
Non-accidental trauma (NAT) is a leading cause of childhood traumatic injury and death in the United States. (bartleby.com)
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States, abusive head trauma (AHT) is most common in children under age 5, with children under one year of age at most risk. (bartleby.com)
Pediatric abusive head trauma, also known as shaken baby syndrome, is a devastating form of abuse. (bartleby.com)
This intentionally inflicted injury causes trauma to the head and neck region, including cranial, cerebral, and spinal injuries. (bartleby.com)
Our findings underscore the notion that not all head injuries are the same, and that kids with isolated skull fractures and no other symptoms may be perfectly safe going home," adds Rashmi Kabre, MD, the study's co-author and director of pediatric trauma at Lurie Children's, in the release. (ptproductsonline.com)
The researchers caution in the release, however, that any cases of isolated fractures that suggest non-accidental trauma or intentional injury, such as child abuse, require further evaluation and overnight observation, even if the child is neurologically intact. (ptproductsonline.com)
Head injuries may also result in cervical spine trauma. (hinduismtoday.com)
Many abused children have such mental trauma that they proceed into a neurosis or even a psychosis. (hinduismtoday.com)
For the proper Traumatic brain injury recovery, avoid activities that may cause harm to the brain, follow the instructions of your trauma doctors and get plenty of rest. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Depending on the type and severity of trauma a person experiences, TBI may cause bruising of the brain (brain contusion), bleeding inside the brain (intracerebral hemorrhage), bleeding between the coverings of the brain and the brain (subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage), bleeding between the skull and coverings of the brain (epidural hematoma). (epilepsy.com)
Most often it is not possible to reverse the damage caused to brain tissue by trauma but receiving prompt medical care may make it possible for medical providers to stabilize a person's brain injury and help to prevent further injury. (epilepsy.com)
Brain imaging with CT and when available brain MRI studies and electroencephalography (EEG) are routinely used to assess the degree of brain injury after a trauma. (epilepsy.com)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) happens when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. (rxwiki.com)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a form of acquired brain injury that occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. (rxwiki.com)
Sometimes those everyday hits we take turn into black and blue signs of an accident, injury, or trauma and are worth our attention. (infantcpr.com)
An autopsy determined the trauma fractured her skull in multiple places, and investigators found blood throughout the car. (abcactionnews.com)
These men, women, and children are often treated in emergency departments (ED) or admitted to hospitals for serious physical and emotional trauma. (ahrq.gov)
Skin trauma was more common in abusive than accidental injury (67% vs 17%, P (bvsalud.org)
Geddes et al suggested hypoxia-ischemia as the mechanism rather than axonal injury that is seen in older children and adults with lethal head trauma. (medscape.com)
Of the 24 Missouri children who died at the hand of a parent or caregiver in 2011, 12 (43%) were victims of abusive head trauma. (medscape.com)
Injury codes indicating blunt impact or violent shaking were classified as AHT, while injury codes indicating neglectful supervision, gunshot or stab wounds, and penetrating trauma were classified as assault-related TBI without AHT. (cdc.gov)

Caffey's landmark article of 1946 noted an association between healing of long-bone fractures and chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) in infancy, and it was the first to draw attention to physical abuse as a unifying etiology. (medscape.com)
Examination revealed subdural hematoma, a condition designating the collection of fluids between the skull and the brain. (uncg.edu)
In infancy, the subdural hematoma is primarily caused by birth and postnatal injuries (Mealey, 1975). (uncg.edu)
An autopsy revealed that, among other injuries, the child victim had multiple lacerations to the scalp with underlying new and old skull fractures, new and old rib fractures, and an old hematoma. (justice.gov)
When injuries cause the brain to strike against bony prominences inside the skull (especially to the sphenoidal ridges), intracranial hemorrhage or hematoma can occur. (lifenurses.com)
Palpation may disclose less obvious head injuries such as hematoma. (lifenurses.com)

TBI can be caused by a variety of factors, including accidents, sports injuries, and violence. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)
other causes include falls, sports injuries, and child abuse. (royalalex.org)

According to prevailing medical wisdom at the time of the incident, no other injuries or pathologies could cause these three symptoms to occur at the same time. (umich.edu)
According to the study, published recently in the Journal of Pediatric Surgery , researchers from Ann & Robert Lurie Children's Hospital suggest that kids may be sent home safely if they have no evidence of brain injury and no neurologic symptoms. (ptproductsonline.com)
When you first notice the symptoms of traumatic brain injury in someone, the first thing to do is seek medical help. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Children who experience multiple brain injuries are at a higher risk of symptoms. (griggsinjurylaw.com)
A range of both physical cognitive and psychiatric symptoms can be present after a traumatic brain injury. (epilepsy.com)
The type of treatment a person receives for a TBI will depend on the severity of the brain injury, the symptoms, the clinical exam and test findings. (epilepsy.com)
Symptoms of a TBI may not appear until days or weeks following the injury. (rxwiki.com)
Traumatic brain injuries vary significantly in severity and symptoms. (lacenturylaw.com)
Symptoms of a brain injury can differ greatly, but there are some common signs to be aware of. (royalalex.org)
Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the injury, they can either be noticeable right after a traumatic event, while others can take days or even weeks to appear. (excellenceer.com)
If any symptoms after a minor head injury are still for 2 weeks after, the person should go and seek medical advice and treatment. (excellenceer.com)
If any signs or symptoms appear following an injury, seek emergency help right away. (excellenceer.com)
Medical child abuse (MCA), formerly called Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSP or MSBP), occurs when a caregiver, usually the mother, falsifies or exaggerates symptoms resulting in harm to a child through inappropriate medical care. (bvsalud.org)

AHT, also known as shaken baby syndrome or inflicted traumatic brain injury can be caused by direct blows to the head, dropping or throwing a child, or shaking a child. (bartleby.com)
Dr. Gregory Reiber, a forensic pathologist who performed Nadia's autopsy, testified that he found bleeding behind her eyes, which was associated with a "rotational head injury, what some people call Shaken Baby Syndrome. (umich.edu)

Court records show she suffered a fractured skull at five-weeks old. (kidjacked.com)

Child abuse involves grave and disturbing acts of violence that can have lasting physical and emotional consequences for children and their families. (medscape.com)
however, some children have suffered lifelong consequences because of abuse. (hinduismtoday.com)

Domestic violence, gunshot wounds, child abuse, and other intentional or accidental assaults can cause TBIs. (lacenturylaw.com)
Violence - Gun shot wounds, child abuse, or even domestic violence are also very common causes for head injury. (excellenceer.com)

Staffers at the Golisano Children's Hospital called police after they noticed the injuries on Monday. (nbc-2.com)
In the study, lead investigator Catherine Hunter, MD, and her team analyzed patient records from 71 children treated at Lurie Children's Hospital for simple head injuries over a 10-year period. (ptproductsonline.com)
The boy was transported to Tulsa's Children's Hospital where he was treated with these serious life threatening personal injuries. (childinjurylawyerblog.com)
The child was taken to Gillette Children's Hospital in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he was later pronounced dead. (usadailybrief.com)

Violence, including physical assault and domestic abuse, is another common cause of traumatic brain injury. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)
People who commit violence against children who they have no connection to or responsibility for (eg, as in school shootings) are guilty of assault, murder, and so forth but legally are not committing child abuse. (msdmanuals.com)
L'augmentation des cas notifiés de violence physique infligée à l'enfant appelle un renforcement des services de protection en la matière. (who.int)
Because of an increase in the prevalence of school-based policies aimed at reducing violence in youth and recent reports suggesting that teachers and other school staff may face daily threats of workplace violence, NIOSH was prompted to examine risk factors and prevention polices and practices for workplace violence for K-12 school staff. (cdc.gov)
More information on student-related violence can be found at CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control including the School-Associated Violent Death Study . (cdc.gov)

Horn said Scott had the legal duty to protect her child from harm and she should have removed her child from that volatile situation. (dailyjournalonline.com)
In order to be guilty of child abuse in the first degree, the person cause serious physical or mental harm to a child. (criminallawmichigan.com)
Serious mental harm is defined as "an injury to a child's mental condition or welfare that is not necessarily permanent but results in visibly demonstrable manifestations of a substantial disorder of thought or mood which significantly impairs judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or ability to cope with the ordinary demands of life. (criminallawmichigan.com)
The person's omission causes serious physical harm or serious mental harm to a child or if the person's reckless act causes serious physical harm or serious mental harm to a child. (criminallawmichigan.com)
The person knowingly or intentionally commits an act likely to cause serious physical or mental harm to a child regardless of whether harm results. (criminallawmichigan.com)
Anyone charged or accused of a 3rd degree child abuse is guilty if the accused purposely caused physical injury to a child or if the personal purposely committed an act that poses an unreasonable risk to the child and the act results in physical harm. (criminallawmichigan.com)
Anyone charge or accused of 4th degree child abuse is guilty if an omission or recklessness is what caused the physical injury to a child or if the person knowingly or intentionally commits an act that under the circumstances poses an unreasonable risk of harm or injury to a child, regardless of whether physical harm results. (criminallawmichigan.com)
A retrospective study on family characteristics, and profiles of the in or has a high likelihood of resulting a random sample of 1897 female uni- abused and the offenders and identify in harm to the child's health, survival, versity students in Jeddah reported ex- the various forms of interventions. (who.int)
The scant research available demonstrates that teachers and other school employees may be at an increased risk for theft of personal property, verbal threats of physical harm, bullying, abuse, physical assault, and injury. (cdc.gov)

The repeated shaking back and forth motion causes the child's brain to bounce within the skull, resulting in bruising and swelling. (bartleby.com)
The child's father, Ricardo Medina, 21, had already been bound over for a charge of abuse of a child. (dailyjournalonline.com)
The swinging of the child was within the confines of a portable playpen, and the child's face made contact with the mesh sides, causing an abrasion to the child's lip which resulted in bleeding," Mahaney said. (dailyjournalonline.com)
During the testimony, investigators said both women had told police about the child's injuries, which included a fractured skull, a broken arm and burns. (wjhl.com)
Court documents detailed several of the child's reported injuries and the way in which he was harmed. (wjhl.com)
The child's fractured skull was likely the result of Niles throwing a wooden toy truck into the child's playpen, which struck him on the head, the affidavit reads. (wjhl.com)
If someone else's negligence or recklessness caused your child's head injury, you could be entitled to compensation. (griggsinjurylaw.com)

Most surgeons prefer to elevate depressed skull fractures if the depressed segment is more than 5 mm below the inner table of adjacent bone. (medscape.com)

He testified that physicians only see the constellation of injuries observed in Nadia in SBS cases, falls from "great heights" of 10 feet or higher, motor vehicle accidents, or similar events where there is a "really significant high velocity impact. (umich.edu)
Unfortunately, many head injuries are caused by car accidents, slip, fall accidents, or sports accidents that are entirely preventable. (griggsinjurylaw.com)
Accidents are one of the leading causes of traumatic brain injury. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)

Father denied that the children were physically abused. (findlaw.com)
They suspected she had been physically abused and notified police. (umich.edu)
Failure to thrive: This term describes the condition of a child who is underdeveloped physically, mentally or emotionally. (hinduismtoday.com)
Children who are physically abused, especially those who experience repeated blows to the head, are also at risk of TBI. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)

The diagnosis of child abuse is emotionally difficult for those involved, and an error in judgment either way can have a detrimental effect on the health and safety of the child. (medscape.com)
The wide range of findings, which can mimic other disease processes or normal variants, implies that the definitive diagnosis of child abuse can be achieved only through interdisciplinary collaboration. (medscape.com)
CT scan is the criterion standard modality for aiding in the diagnosis of skull fractures. (medscape.com)
When a diagnosis of CP Cerebral Palsy is made, the mother and father often feel guilty and wonder what they did to cause their child to have this disorder. (thetole.com)
Your head is very susceptible to injury whether it be minor or major, that is because while it surrounded by the skull, majority of the blood vessels in your body are located within the brain, any injury can cause bleeding on or within the brain, which should be attended to by a medical professional for a correct diagnosis. (excellenceer.com)

Recent research has found that physical and sexual abuse are associated with mood and anxiety disorders in adulthood, while personality disorders and schizophrenia are linked with emotional abuse as adults. (wikipedia.org)
We understand the physical, emotional, and financial burden brain injuries place on victims and their loved ones. (lacenturylaw.com)
The effects of a brain injury are complex: often they are physical and visible such as speech difficulties and impaired motor skills, but more often than not, brain traumas cause invisible injuries which lead to serious mental and emotional issues. (royalalex.org)

Bone in children and toddlers is more porous than adult bone, with wider haversian canals. (medscape.com)

Medical experts found the injuries the baby suffered when she was 3 weeks old stemmed from her traumatic birth. (wisconsinwatch.org)
The boy was removed at birth because of abuse his older sister sustained. (kidjacked.com)
Seventy-two percent of the children who were abused or neglected as preschoolers were matched with controls on the basis of gender, race, date of birth (+ 1 week), and hospital of birth through the use of county birth record information. (druglibrary.net)
Children with CP Cerebral Palsy have a congenital malformation of the brain, meaning that the malformation existed at birth and was not caused by factors occurring during the birthing process. (thetole.com)

A person who has a head injury will also be assessed for injury to the cervical spine (neck) and spinal cord. (epilepsy.com)

The three younger children began living with Mother and Father in July 2016, and their adoptions were finalized on November 7, 2017. (findlaw.com)
If Steele is able to make bond, she is not to have interaction with children younger than 18 years old. (abcactionnews.com)
Of these deaths, 81.6% occurred in children aged 4 years and younger. (medscape.com)
In children younger than 1 year, homicide is the leading cause of death. (medscape.com)

[ 3 ] Since the time of these early reports, investigators have more clearly defined the pathophysiology of abusive injuries. (medscape.com)
It presents the human aspects of the problem in discussions of the abusive parent and the abused child. (uncg.edu)
About 10% of the children were removed from the abusive environment. (who.int)

When the parents were interviewed separately, the father gave another explanation for the injury which the medical staff told Mahaney couldn't have caused the severity of the injury. (dailyjournalonline.com)
The setting of the injury, the severity of the injury, and the neurologic and medical conditions of the person will help to determine the need for further evaluations, including neuropsychologic testing and the immediate versus late treatments offered to a person. (epilepsy.com)

In children, radiographs of the skull are known to have a low predictive value in determining intracranial injury. (medscape.com)

The child was transported to a medical center, where it was confirmed that the baby suffered several traumatic head injuries and had bleeding in the brain. (ibtimes.com)
The brain is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), enclosed in meningeal covering, and protected inside the skull. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Although these layers play a protective role, meningeal attachments to the interior of the skull may limit the movement of the brain, transmitting shearing forces on the brain. (medscape.com)
CSF plays a major role in coup and countercoup injuries to the brain. (medscape.com)
A blow to a stationary but moveable head causes acceleration, and the brain floating in CSF lags behind, sustaining an injury directly underneath the point of impact (coup injury). (medscape.com)
When a moving head hits the floor, sudden deceleration results in an injury to the brain on the opposite side (countercoup injury). (medscape.com)
Skull radiography has been supplanted by CT in characterizing skull fractures in the setting of acute traumatic brain injury, though it may be useful in limited circumstances, such as radiopaque foreign bodies. (medscape.com)
Dr. Claudia Greco, a neuropathologist, testified that she found a brain injury near Nadia's spine that was the "most convincing" evidence that the baby died from SBS and not from a fall of four feet. (umich.edu)
Children with serious head traumas, loss of consciousness, and brain bleeding were excluded from the study. (ptproductsonline.com)
Rapping the skull with one's knuckles often ruptures small vessels surrounding the brain. (hinduismtoday.com)
Children should never been disciplined by assaulting the child or inflicting head injuries that can and do lead to brain injuries. (childinjurylawyerblog.com)
Traumatic Brain Injury Doctors. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Definition of Traumatic Brain Injury? (drchandrilchugh.com)
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the disruption of the normal functioning of the brain. (drchandrilchugh.com)
TBI can also be caused when an object pierces the skull and enters the brain tissue. (drchandrilchugh.com)
The severity of the brain injury and it's type impacts the recovery of the person. (drchandrilchugh.com)
TBI can be subdivided into two categories- primary brain injury and secondary brain injury. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Primary brain injury - it occurs at the time of the injury. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Skull fractures- Skull fractures are breaks or cracks in the skull that can cause injury to the brain or provide a way to spread infection. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Axonal injuries are a result of twisting and tearing of connections between the brain cells. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Secondary brain injury- Secondary brain injury may cause further damage to the brain. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Traumatic Brain Injury usually occurs when damage is caused to the brain by an external force, usually a blow, jolt, etc. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Traumatic brain injury does not have to be open wound injury, there are chances that internal damage is caused to the brain. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment. (drchandrilchugh.com)
Unfortunately, there is a possible correlation between mental health issues, disability, and mortality, and traumatic brain injuries in childhood. (griggsinjurylaw.com)
What Is Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)? (epilepsy.com)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the result of an external force on the head. (epilepsy.com)
Surveillance Report of Traumatic Brain Injury-related Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths-United States, 2014. (epilepsy.com)
The area of the brain affected by the injury, the extent of the brain injury and the age and general health of a person before the injury will determine how a person is impacted. (epilepsy.com)
Each person with a traumatic brain injury should undergo medical and neurologic evaluations. (epilepsy.com)
What treatments are used in traumatic brain injury? (epilepsy.com)
Seizures can occur early ( within the first week of the brain injury), or late ( more than a week after brain injury). (epilepsy.com)
TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently hits an object or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue. (rxwiki.com)
Every year, millions of people in the U.S. suffer brain injuries. (rxwiki.com)
The worst injuries can lead to permanent brain damage or death. (rxwiki.com)
Serious traumatic brain injuries need emergency treatment. (rxwiki.com)
A 15-point test, called the Glasgow Coma Scale, helps a doctor or other emergency medical personnel assess the initial severity of a brain injury by checking a person's ability to follow directions and move their eyes and limbs. (rxwiki.com)
Have you or your loved one been involved in an accident that resulted in brain injury? (lacenturylaw.com)
At worst, a traumatic brain injury could lead to a lifetime of disability or death. (lacenturylaw.com)
You don't have to go through it alone: a traumatic brain injury lawyer in Tarzana can help you, especially if you suffered due to another person's negligence. (lacenturylaw.com)
What Causes Brain Injuries? (lacenturylaw.com)
The Centers for Disease Control estimates more than 600 traumatic brain injury-related hospitalizations and an average of 190 TBI-related deaths occur daily. (lacenturylaw.com)
A traumatic brain injury usually stems from a violent jolt or blow to the head or body. (lacenturylaw.com)
An object penetrating through brain tissue, such as a shattered skull, could also cause a traumatic brain injury. (lacenturylaw.com)
Serious brain injuries from falls are especially prevalent in older adults and young children. (lacenturylaw.com)
Even with airbags and helmets, the motion of the head can bounce the brain off the skull. (lacenturylaw.com)
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a condition that affects millions of people around the world every year. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)
In this article, we will discuss the causes of traumatic brain injury. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)
The force of impact during a car crash can cause the brain to move within the skull, leading to injury. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)
Medical conditions can also lead to traumatic brain injury. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)
Alcohol use can increase the risk of traumatic brain injury. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)
Prevention is key when it comes to traumatic brain injury. (oconnorpersonalinjury.com)
We do know that the child who is at highest risk for developing CP Cerebral Palsy is the premature, very small baby who does not cry in the first five minutes after delivery, who needs to be on a ventilator for over four weeks, and who has bleeding in his brain. (thetole.com)
June is Brain Injury Awareness month, a month long event that hopes to draw attention to the real faces and facts of brain injuries. (royalalex.org)
Traumatic or acquired brain injuries know no bounds and can affect anyone at any time. (royalalex.org)
According to Brain Injury Canada, over a million Canadians live with the effects of an acquired brain injury. (royalalex.org)
Brain injuries are a lot more common than people believe," says Dr. Garnet Cummings. (royalalex.org)
Dr. Cummings is the Executive Director of the Brain Care Centre, a non-profit organization offering programs and services to adults who have acquired a brain injury. (royalalex.org)
A former Chief of the Emergency Department at the Royal Alexandra Hospital and a current Royal Alexandra Hospital Foundation Director, Dr. Cummings has firsthand experience with brain injuries due to a serious car accident in August 1998. (royalalex.org)
Dr. Cummings' injury meant the end of his practicing medical career but led to a new calling assisting those with brain injuries and advocating for more awareness, prevention, and treatment options. (royalalex.org)
Traumatic brain injury is sudden physical damage to the brain, such as an object coming into violent contact with the head, or by something passing through the skull and piercing the brain. (royalalex.org)
An acquired brain injury is caused by an event that occurs with the skull or brain, such as a stroke, aneurism, or a brain tumor. (royalalex.org)
Diagnosing and treating brain injuries can be a great challenge. (royalalex.org)
Like the tip of an iceberg, the damages caused by a brain injury aren't always fully realized by the patient, their families, and their healthcare providers. (royalalex.org)
But at the moment, unlike a CT scan of your heart that will show a blocked artery after a heart attack, there is no easy medical test that will accurately detect a brain injury. (royalalex.org)
Generally, the first symptom of a brain injury is a slower thought process," explains Dr. Cummings. (royalalex.org)
About 85% of victims will improve and feel better within three weeks and not be at risk for an acquired brain injury. (royalalex.org)
Because each case of brain injury is unique, the road to recovery can be long and involves small steps that will lead to larger improvements. (royalalex.org)
While some people will return to normal, most will have to adjust to a new definition of normal for their lives and the lives of their families after a brain injury. (royalalex.org)
Treating a brain injury isn't easy, but more than ever, there are resources available and people who can offer assistance. (royalalex.org)
The Brain Care Centre offers programs and services at no cost to adults who have sustained a brain injury, providing a compassionate continuum of brain care services from prevention to reintegration. (royalalex.org)
Minor head injury can affect your brain cells temporarily, serious or major head injury can lead to bruising, torn tissue, bleeding, or any other injuries to the brain. (excellenceer.com)
When the head is abruptly brought to a stop against a solid object, the brain continues to move for an instant, hitting the inside the now stationary skull. (lifenurses.com)
The soft brain is easily contused and lacerated by the hard bony ridges at the base of the skull or by the tentorium cerebelli and falx cerebri. (lifenurses.com)
The brain continues moving, slaps against the skull (acceleration), and then rebounds (deceleration). (lifenurses.com)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as acquired brain injury, head injury, or brain injury, causes substantial disability and mortality. (medscape.com)

Injuries from physical abuse may be clinically occult and not appreciable on physical examination. (medscape.com)
Circumstances strongly indicate that Timmy's condition is the result of physical abuse.Timmy's plight is one shared by many other children in today's society. (uncg.edu)
With the realization that the physical abuse of children was a prominent social problem, research was generated to discover the nature of child abuse. (uncg.edu)
Head computed tomography in suspected physical abuse: time to rethink? (bmj.com)
2 years of age with suspected physical abuse and neurological impairment or head swelling should undergo CT-head. (bmj.com)
The focus of this review is physical abuse, which is defined as non-accidental physical injury, from bruising to fractures to the most serious cases of abuse ending in death (Sink, Hyman, Matheny, Georgopoulos & Kleinman, 2010). (bartleby.com)
The charge alleges Scott acted in a manner that created a substantial risk to the life, body or health of a child, by allowing the physical abuse of her baby. (dailyjournalonline.com)
Mother denied physical abuse and reported disciplining the children by giving them timeouts, sending them to bed early, or taking away privileges. (findlaw.com)
The two treating physicians reported that there were no signs of physical abuse, and one of the doctors reported that A.E.1's injuries were consistent with him falling. (findlaw.com)
ABSTRACT To improve the understanding of child physical abuse, assess its magnitude, and identify the presentations and the characteristics of the victims, their families and the offenders, we carried out a retrospective review of 237 child physical abuse cases evaluated over 10 years (2000-2009) in a tertiary hospital in Bahrain. (who.int)
The increase in reported cases of child physical abuse calls for strengthening of child protection services. (who.int)

Further evaluation showed that a 15-month-old toddler also suffered multiple fractures to the skull. (ibtimes.com)

In order to provide the best possible service to families and ensure that children in Nevada County are always kept safe, Nevada County Child Protective Services uses an empirically, researched based assessment tool called Structured Decision Making. (kidjacked.com)
Even if you are not sure, it is important to contact child protective services in your state. (infantcpr.com)

Many children with mild mental retardation remain undiagnosed until primary grades, when they manifest delays in academic cognates such as reading or arithmetic. (hpathy.com)
Whatever the cause, the resulting injury is mild compared with the damage done by cerebral contusions or lacerations. (health-care-clinic.org)

The burden on government sources suggests high potential for return on investment in effective child abuse prevention strategies. (medscape.com)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that in 2014 TBIs accounted for approximately 2.87 million emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States, either as an isolated injury or in combination with other injuries (288,000 hospitalizations, 56,800 deaths). (epilepsy.com)
Division of Unintentional Injuries Prevention. (cdc.gov)

The mechanism of traumatic injury (blow to the head, jolt or whiplash, penetrating injury, open (skull is open) versus closed (skull intact) head injury is carefully considered in decisions about testing. (epilepsy.com)
Also, such a blow sometimes results from child abuse. (health-care-clinic.org)
TBI is caused by a blow or other traumatic injury to the head or body. (rxwiki.com)

He is highly authoritative, especially when it comes to cases concerning non-accidental injury in children. (pumpcourtchambers.com)
The Welsh Child Protection Systematic Review Group reviewed femoral fractures in non-accidental injury (NAI). (scottishpaeds.org.uk)

Children differ significantly from adults with respect to skeletal anatomy and physiology. (medscape.com)
The skeletal anatomy of children and toddlers (see the images below) differs from the skeletal anatomy of adults. (medscape.com)
Skeletal system of child, anterior view. (medscape.com)

Maternal substance abuse (alcohol use/abuse). (hpathy.com)
An indirect 'path' between childhood victimization and adult substance abuse arrest was also demonstrated, i.e., maltreated children were more likely to have an arrest as a juvenile, and those who were arrested as juveniles were at greater risk for arrest for alcohol or drug offenses as adults. (druglibrary.net)
Finally, there appeared to be a link between gender and arrest for alcohol or drug abuse in adulthood. (druglibrary.net)
o Abused and/or neglected females were significantly more likely to have alcohol or drug arrests in adulthood than control females, but no differences were found between the male groups. (druglibrary.net)
o Being abused and/or neglected increased the probability of arrest for alcohol or drugs in adulthood for whites, but it was not a significant predictor of adult arrest for these offenses for blacks. (druglibrary.net)
The term Fetal Alcohol Syndrome describes the long-term, multi-system effect of alcohol on a child whose mother abused alcohol during the pregnancy. (thetole.com)

The radiologic approach for a child who has potentially been abused has received considerable attention and recommendations according to decades of experience and rigorous scientific study. (medscape.com)

It occurs when a young child is violently shaken. (bartleby.com)

Admissibility of social worker's expert testimony on child custody issues. (case.law)

The overall rate is 2.1 deaths per 100,000 children. (medscape.com)

CP Cerebral Palsy -Still we are unable to identify exactly, we are unable to determine what caused CP Cerebral Palsy in most children who have congenital CP Cerebral Palsy . (thetole.com)
A cerebral contusion results from acceleration-deceleration or coup countercoup injuries. (lifenurses.com)

12 months old without these clinical features, the estimated prevalence of occult head injury was 6.1% (7/115). (bmj.com)
When a baby or young child suffers a head injury , the injuries' impact can be devastating. (griggsinjurylaw.com)
Children do not need to fall from great heights to suffer a head injury. (griggsinjurylaw.com)
Always seek medical attention for any head injury, our facility is available for walk-ins 24/7 and has the personnel and equipment to fully diagnose any head injury. (excellenceer.com)
It is always recommended to go and receive immediate treatment following any major head injury. (excellenceer.com)
Some people won't have any signs of a head injury right after a traumatic event. (excellenceer.com)
Among child abuse fatalities, head injury is the leading cause of death in infancy. (medscape.com)

Organic" failure to thrive is a result of lack of maternal affection, malnutrition, disease or injury and is seen mostly in very young children. (hinduismtoday.com)
Nonorganic" failure to thrive is a more complex disorder found in older children. (hinduismtoday.com)

Sensitive and critical stages of child development can result in altered neurological functioning, adaptive to a malevolent environment but difficult for more benign environments. (wikipedia.org)
Multiple stages of bruising present on a child provide a clue that the child may be experiencing ongoing abuse. (infantcpr.com)

The elder Cäzilia showed signs of strangulation and seven blows to the head, which left her with a cracked skull. (mentalfloss.com)

Lateral view of the skull ( Fig. 120D ) demonstrates multiple wormian bones. (radiologykey.com)
Bones in children permit a greater degree of deformation before they break. (medscape.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms2

Diseases65

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Psychiatry and Psychology31

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena32

Information Science10

Named Groups10

Health Care48

Geographicals4

Fracture18

Neglect27

Infants13

Bruises6

Concussion5

Maltreatment17

Severe22

Infant15

Trauma27

Hematoma6

Sports Injuries2

Symptoms13

Shaken Baby Syn2

Suffered a fractured skull1

Consequences2

Wounds2

Children's Hospital4

Violence5

Harm9

Child's7

Depressed skull fractures1

Accidents3

Physically4

Diagnosis5

Emotional3

Bone1

Birth4

Cervical Spine1

Younger4

Abusive3

Severity of the injury2

Intracranial injury1

Brain76

Physical abuse11

Multiple fractures1

Protective services2

Mild2

Prevention3

Blow3

Accidental Injury2

Skeletal3

Alcohol6

Potentially1

Violently shaken1

Custody1

100,0001

Cerebral2

Head injury7

Failure to thr2

Stages2

Blows to the head1

Bones2