• The hand surgeon treating children with upper extremity anomalies must offer surgery to improve the child's function and cosmesis, when possible, and counsel parents about what is and is not possible with surgery. (medscape.com)
  • The best epidemiologic studies of the incidence of congenital anomalies are total population studies. (medscape.com)
  • Fifty-two percent had bilateral hand anomalies, and 17% had multiple different hand anomalies. (medscape.com)
  • Similarly, an 11-year total population study of the Stockholm region of Sweden found a recorded incidence of congenital anomalies of the upper limb of 21.5 cases per 10,000 live births. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Fifty-four percent of the children with congenital anomalies of the upper limb were boys. (medscape.com)
  • Nonhand anomalies were recorded in 23% of the children with congenital anomalies of the upper limb, most commonly in the lower limbs. (medscape.com)
  • A study by Goldfarb et al of congenital upper limb anomalies in a group of Midwestern US patients found that of 480 extremities with a malformation, 62% had anomalies of the hand plate alone, with radial polydactyly (15%), symbrachydactyly (13%), and cleft hand (11%) being the most common of these. (medscape.com)
  • there are 3 population studies of congenital anomalies of the upper limb in the literature. (medscape.com)
  • Alcohol: Signs and symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) jitterness, physical abnormalities, congenital anomalies, and growth deficits. (rn101.net)
  • Overview of Birth Defects Birth defects, also called congenital anomalies, are physical abnormalities that occur before a baby is born. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Reconstructive surgery is a medical specialty that aims to correct physical defects or abnormalities caused by various factors such as congenital anomalies, injuries, illnesses, or aging. (plasticsurgery-cosmetology.com)
  • There are two basic categories of patients: those who have congenital deformities, otherwise known as birth defects, and those with developmental deformities, acquired as a result of accident, infection, disease, or in some cases, aging. (drcappuccino.com)
  • Long QT syndrome (LQTS) 8 is a rare inherited channelopathy caused by CACNA1C gene mutations that affects calcium channels, and when combined with congenital heart defects, musculoskeletal defects, and neurodevelopmental defects, it is referred to as Timothy syndrome. (bvsalud.org)
  • Echocardiogram showed severely reduced left ventricular systolic function from postcardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction and no congenital heart defects. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dr. Stein is well-versed in conducting procedures on the skin, face, breast, lip, and other body parts which have been adversely affected due to congenital birth defects, trauma, or illness. (yesdoctor.com)
  • Based on the gravity of the soft tissue defects in the hand, flaps and grafts of bone, skin, muscle, or other tissue from a healthy donor or the patient's own body are often used for reconstruction of the affected structures. (amarpatelmd.com)
  • Some babies are born with spinal defects that cause the spine to grow unevenly, a condition called congenital scoliosis or congenital kyphosis. (youngmenshealthsite.org)
  • At the heart of the controversy is the suspected link between the herbicides and birth defects in Vietnam, where more than 5 out of every 100 children are born with some form of physical or mental abnormality, a fourfold increase since the start of the war, according to Vietnamese scientists. (dmzhawaii.org)
  • Ear defects may involve the skin of the anterior closed primarily by advancing the mastoid skin. (bvsalud.org)
  • Limb malformations are common and involve the fingers (syndactyly), hands or feet. (wikipedia.org)
  • These deformities are present at birth and may include congenital constriction band syndrome, overgrowth of digits, undergrowth of digits, duplication of digits, failure of part of the hand to separate (syndactyly), and underdeveloped fingers or thumbs. (amarpatelmd.com)
  • Common examples of tendon abnormalities include mallet finger, swan-neck deformity, boutonniere deformity, tendon rupture or penetrating trauma resulting in laceration of the tendons. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons are specialized in treating major illnesses and conditions, for instance, congenital cleft lip and palate, facial abnormalities and ear deformity, reconstruction of the breast after cancer surgery, excision of metastases from skin cancer, repair and reconstruction of damage due to accidents and injuries, plastic surgery to treat skin cancer or burn-related damage, and surgical procedures to enhance hand or limb functioning. (yesdoctor.com)
  • Dr. Grossman can correct congenital or acquired ear deformities through precise surgical adjustments, such as cupped ears, shell ears, or cleft ears. (drgrossman.com)
  • In the ventral limb bud, the transcription factor engrailed-1 (En-1) is produced. (medscape.com)
  • Paediatric orthopaedic surgeons diagnose, treat, and manage children's musculoskeletal problems, such as: Limb and spine deformities noted at birth or later in life, gait abnormalities, broken bones. (german-medicalgroup.com)
  • Limb Lengthening procedures are used to treat a number of medical conditions, including legs shortened due to congenital abnormalities, major fractures of one of the legs and shortened leg bones due to other medical diseases, such as cancer. (blogspot.com)
  • The PRECICE System is easily recognized as a game-changer for patients suffering from limb deformities," said Ed Roschak, Ellipse Chief Operating Officer. (blogspot.com)
  • Amniotic Band Syndrome (ABS) is an uncommon congenital abnormality that causes entrapment of fetal parts (usually a limb or digits) in fibrous amniotic bands while in utero. (mpma.org)
  • Typically, NLS involves characteristic facial features, decreased fetal movements and skin abnormalities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultrasound in the second trimester may show abnormalities associates with NLS, including polyhydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction, microcephaly, proptosis and decreased fetal motility. (wikipedia.org)
  • German measles: Risk of maternal and fetal or congenital infection. (rn101.net)
  • It's an uncommon, congenital fetal abnormality which can lead to disfigured feet. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • or 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency, neonate form) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe intrauterine growth restriction and multiple congenital malformations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of overuse in various activities, the hands are more prone to injuries, such as sprains and strains, fractures and dislocations, lacerations and amputations while operating machinery, bracing against a fall and sports-related injuries. (newyorkhandsurgery.com)
  • Hand Fractures Any bone in the hand can be broken. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hand fractures include Fractures of the wrist bones (carpals) Fractures of the bones of the palm (metacarpals) Fractures of the bones of the thumb and fingers. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If you have a hand sore or an abscess, surgical drainage may help remove any pus. (icloudhospital.com)
  • Soft tissue reconstruction of the hand is a surgical procedure to repair or replace damaged soft tissue structures of the hand. (amarpatelmd.com)
  • Thanks to his extensive training, experience and expertise in the latest advances in plastic surgery and orthopaedic surgery technology related to the hand and wrist, Dr. Bidic offers a wide range of non-operative and reconstructive surgical treatments to help you return to the normal, healthy and active lifestyle you deserve. (americansurgicalarts.com)
  • These hand symptoms should be treated promptly, if possible, to avoid surgical treatment. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • In it we describe spinal deformities and explain both non-operative and surgical treatment. (youngmenshealthsite.org)
  • In addition to causing pain and decreased motion hand symptoms, arthritis is a leading cause of hand and finger deformities. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • Typically, doctors base the diagnosis of hand and finger deformities on an examination. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Other features of NLS are severe intrauterine growth restriction, skin abnormalities (ichthyosis and hyperkeratosis) and decreased movement. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although most neonates with ARCI are collodion babies, the clinical presentation and severity of ARCI may vary significantly, ranging from harlequin ichthyosis, the most severe and often fatal form, to lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and (nonbullous) congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE). (nih.gov)
  • LI and CIE are seemingly distinct phenotypes: classic, severe LI with dark brown, plate-like scale with no erythroderma and CIE with finer whiter scale and underlying generalized redness of the skin. (nih.gov)
  • These disorders are limited to skin, with approximately two-thirds of patients presenting severe symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers have described several forms of collagen VI-related dystrophy, which range in severity: Bethlem muscular dystrophy is the mildest, an intermediate form is moderate in severity, and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy is the most severe. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy have severe muscle weakness beginning soon after birth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If the hand injury is very severe, multiple surgeries may be necessary to optimize hand function. (amarpatelmd.com)
  • Bone erosion causing severe joint pain and debilitating deformity can be successfully treated with silicone joint replacements and tendon ruptures can be treated with tendon transfers. (americansurgicalarts.com)
  • Most causes of numbness and tingling are not dangerous, however in some cases, these hand symptoms may be indicative of something more severe. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • If clubfoot is not treated successfully, it can progress to a severe deformity causing lifelong disability. (physio-pedia.com)
  • Seven of them were born with severe deformities. (dmzhawaii.org)
  • Decorative henna skin painting can provoke severe reactions in the skin. (who.int)
  • The hand in the human body is made up of the wrist, palm, and fingers. (newyorkhandsurgery.com)
  • Tendons aid in movement of the fingers, hand and all other body parts. (newyorkhandsurgery.com)
  • Any abnormality affecting the fingers can have a huge impact on quality of life of the patient. (newyorkhandsurgery.com)
  • When there is a bone fracture or fractured bone in a section of the hand, including the fingers, this may be employed. (icloudhospital.com)
  • Marked contractures affecting the fingers in both her hands. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our hand function, including the opposable thumb and opposable ring and small fingers, separates the human being from all other animals. (americansurgicalarts.com)
  • Dupuytren's Contracture (Palmer Fibromatosis) is a progressive tightening of the bands of fibrous tissue (called fascia) inside the palms, causing a curling in of the fingers that eventually can result in a claw-like hand. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • Tendon abnormalities such as abnormal tightness, laxity or tendon laceration can disrupt the delicate balance of the fingers or wrist, resulting in deformity and loss of motion. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • The condition is characterized by intellectual deficit and numerous other abnormalities including excess folds of skin, multiple bony growths (exostoses), characteristic facial features, and cone-shaped phalangeal epiphyses (the growing ends of the bones in the fingers). (nih.gov)
  • Athelia or amastia is sometimes associated with Poland syndrome (ie, absent chest wall muscles, absence of ribs 2-5, deformities of the hands or vertebrae). (medscape.com)
  • A compartment syndrome in the hand can cause significant and escalating discomfort as well as muscular weakness. (icloudhospital.com)
  • Blau syndrome is a rare granulomatous disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant manner characterized by the early appearance of granulomatous arthritis, skin rash and anterior uveitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most affected individuals have muscle weakness and joint deformities called contractures that restrict movement of the affected joints and worsen over time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Children's with neuromuscular disorders often experience muscle pain or weakness, muscle twitching, cramping, numbness and tingling, muscle stiffness causing joint deformities and sometimes difficulty in swallowing and breathing. (stgeorgeorthopaedics.com.au)
  • Cause mental subnormality and physical deformities. (rn101.net)
  • Plastic surgery is a specialized field of medicine that aims to repair or improve various physical deformities affecting different parts of the body such as the skin, musculoskeletal system, cranial and craniofacial structures, hand, limbs, breast, trunk, and external genitalia. (plasticsurgery-cosmetology.com)
  • Congenital structural abnormalities and deformities of the musculoskeletal system. (bvsalud.org)
  • Splinting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (like ibuprofen) and steroid injections can often dramatically improve the symptoms associated with degenerative osteoarthritis of the hand. (americansurgicalarts.com)
  • If you fall into this category, we recommend considering seeing a pediatric hand surgeon at a children's hospital for these hand symptoms. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • Masses such as ganglion cysts, bone spurs, tumors or swollen joints can be unattractive or painful hand symptoms. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • The most common reason associated with these two hand symptoms is a problem with nerve function. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • If you or a loved one is experiencing these symptoms, contact Fort Worth Hand Center for an evaluation, diagnosis and to learn more about available treatment options. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • VALUE RFVF 10050 ='Chills' 10100 ='Fever' 10120 ='Other symptoms of body temperature' 10121 ='Feeling cold' 10122 ='Feeling hot' 10123 ='Feeling hot and cold' 10150 ='Tiredness, exhaustion' 10200 ='General weakness' 10250 ='General ill feeling' 10300 ='Fainting (syncope)' 10350 ='Symptoms of fluid abnormalities' 10351 ='Edema' 10352 ='Excessive sweating, perspiration' 10353 ='Excessive thirst' 10400 ='Weight gain' 10450 ='Weight loss' 10451 ='Recent weight loss' 10452 ='Underweight' 10460 ='Symptoms of face, not elsewhere class. (cdc.gov)
  • Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of disorders of keratinization characterized primarily by abnormal skin scaling over the whole body. (nih.gov)
  • Breast disorders occurring in pediatric patients range from congenital conditions to neonatal infections and from benign disorders such as fibroadenoma in females and gynecomastia in males to breast carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma . (medscape.com)
  • Hand microsurgery can be performed for a variety of causes, including hand injuries, rheumatic disorders that alter and harm the structures of the hand, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis , degenerative alterations to the hand's structures, hand problems or deformities that are present at birth, known as congenital & hand infections are common. (icloudhospital.com)
  • Abnormality of different components of the lower motor neuron may cause different disorders. (stgeorgeorthopaedics.com.au)
  • The highest quality expertise in the treatment and care of hand and wrist disorders. (americansurgicalarts.com)
  • Nerve compression syndromes of the hand Hand and finger disorders include ganglia, deformities, disorders related to nerves or blood vessels, osteoarthritis, trigger finger, Kienböck disease, and infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast, parents may be dismayed by the appearance of an anomalous hand and may be hoping that surgery can creat a "normal" hand. (medscape.com)
  • For example, some older adults with redundant or drooping eyelid skin blocking their field of vision might have eyelid surgery. (drcappuccino.com)
  • The size, nature, and extent of the injury or deformity will determine what treatment option is chosen and how quickly the surgery will be performed. (drcappuccino.com)
  • Hand surgery is a broad concept that encompasses a wide range of procedures. (icloudhospital.com)
  • Tendon repair in the hand is a difficult surgery because of the structure of the tendon. (icloudhospital.com)
  • Ankle surgery may be required to correct a serious deformity of the ankle and its bone structure. (mpma.org)
  • The intricate anatomy of the hand requires very delicate surgery, often with microscopic techniques. (amarpatelmd.com)
  • Through the use of this instrument, surgery can occur away from the penetration point of the skin, resulting in smaller incisions, shorter recovery and less post-operative discomfort. (drkulick.com)
  • Journal of Hand Surgery. (drkulick.com)
  • Our surgeons are experts in all areas of plastic surgery, including cosmetic surgery, reconstructive surgery, and hand surgery. (expertsskill.com)
  • Considered as one of the best plastic Surgeon in Pakistan, experienced in cosmetic surgery, reconstructive surgery, and hand surgery. (expertsskill.com)
  • He has a wide range of experience in all areas of plastic surgery, including cosmetic surgery, reconstructive surgery, and hand surgery. (expertsskill.com)
  • Dr. Sean Bidic is board-certified in both plastic surgery and hand surgery. (americansurgicalarts.com)
  • This surgery reconstructs the ligaments in the thumb to stabilize the middle joint and improve function and stability by transferring a tendon from another part of the hand. (childrenshospital.org)
  • With contributions from top experts in the field, Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery provides clinically-focused text on the full spectrum of common and rare congenital and acquired pediatric conditions. (bookbaz.ir)
  • Most hand infections are treated with antibiotics taken by mouth or by vein and sometimes surgery. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, on the other hand, is focused on procedures that are aimed at improving the appearance of the face and body. (plasticsurgery-cosmetology.com)
  • Children make up roughly 3% of all plastic surgery procedures, and the majority of these procedures correct a congenital deformity. (craniofacialteamtexas.com)
  • When a child has a congenital defect, developmental abnormality, trauma, infection, tumor or disease, then surgery may be necessary to regain normal function or prevent current or future health problems. (craniofacialteamtexas.com)
  • Dr. Jonov performs many types of cosmetic surgery including facial rejuvenation, body contouring, breast augmentation and enhancement, labiaplasty, tummy tuck (abdominoplasty), liposuction, mommy makeover, skin cancer reconstruction and eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty). (dolpxy.com)
  • Aging, trauma, nerve compression syndromes, and arthritis affecting the hand and wrist can be both debilitating and unsightly. (americansurgicalarts.com)
  • From the fingertips to the elbow, the Fort Worth Hand Center physicians treat everything from sports injuries and joint replacement to chronic conditions, age-related complications and trauma. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • It is characterized by deficiency of red blood cells at birth (congenital hypoplastic anemia) as well as slow growth, abnormal weakness and fatigue, paleness of the skin, characteristic facial abnormalities, protruding shoulder blades (scapulae), webbing or abnormal shortening of the neck due to fusion of certain bones in the spine (cervical vertebrae), hand deformities, congenital heart defects, and/or other abnormalities. (orthopedicshealth.com)
  • After working with renowned French oral and maxillofacial surgeon Hippolyte Morestin on skin grafts, he persuaded the chief army surgeon, Arbuthnot-Lane, to establish a facial injury department at the Cambridge Military Hospital, Aldershot, which later became a new Hospital for facial repairs. (essentialfeeling.co.uk)
  • If the iron is not removed then the person can develop iron overload in the heart, liver and endocrine organs and develop heart arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), congestive heart failure, liver abnormalities and cirrhosis, diabetes, hypothyroidism, gonadal dysfunction, and other issues. (orthopedicshealth.com)
  • Individuals with clubfoot experience bone and soft tissues deformation and this abnormality can be presented through a range of abnormal alignments. (physio-pedia.com)
  • [ 3 ] Forty-six percent of those affected had another nonhand congenital anomaly. (medscape.com)
  • Some children have nerve or muscle diseases, injuries or other illnesses that cause spinal deformities, for example cerebral palsy, or myelomeningocele. (youngmenshealthsite.org)
  • Dermatology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases that affect the skin, scalp, nails, and other related surfaces. (plasticsurgery-cosmetology.com)
  • In some cases, the long-term effects of rheumatoid arthritis can eventually result in bone erosion, joint deformity, and tendon rupture. (americansurgicalarts.com)
  • It can be used to reshape or resize the nose, correct nasal deformities, reduce nasal bumps, and alter the width of the nostrils. (yesdoctor.com)
  • Her older sister died as a neonate shortly after birth from complex congenital heart disease, although no further detail was available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A congenital deformity is present at birth, while an acquired deformity is a result of an injury or disease. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • Although the aetiologies of koilonychia are myriad, to simplify they may be divided into hereditary or congenital, acquired and idiopathic causes. (nih.gov)
  • These small arteries carry oxygen and nutrients through the blood to the skin of the extremities. (mpma.org)
  • Hand infections are commonly seen in people with diabetes as they have poor blood circulation in the extremities. (amarpatelmd.com)
  • Dislocation can be caused from jamming or overextending the finger during sports activities, or during a fall with an outstretched hand. (newyorkhandsurgery.com)
  • He will make a small incision in the skin to release the tight tunnel overlying the flexor tendons in the palm. (americansurgicalarts.com)
  • The thumb is small and there are often minor abnormalities in the tendons and muscles within the thumb. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Rather than using adjustable external fixation systems which are attached to the leg bone through long-term openings in the skin, the PRECICE REMOTE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY provides an internal implant adjusted to lengthen the leg bones via non-invasive methods from outside the body. (blogspot.com)
  • Haglund's Deformity (also known as pump bump or retrocalcaneal bursitis) is a painful enlargement on the back of the heel bone that becomes irritated by shoes. (totalfootandankle-tampabay.com)
  • However, if your ears protrude at a 40-degree angle or greater, you may have a congenital malformation that otoplasty can fix. (writeminer.com)
  • Past medical history included congenital bilateral ptosis, De Quervain's thyroiditis, congenital bilateral hearing problems. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) encompasses several forms of nonsyndromic ichthyosis. (nih.gov)
  • Infants with harlequin ichthyosis are usually born prematurely and are encased in thick, hard, armor-like plates of cornified skin that severely restrict movement. (nih.gov)
  • The main skin phenotypes are lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE), although phenotypic overlap within the same patient or among patients from the same family can occur (summary by Fischer, 2009). (nih.gov)
  • Burn injuries in children's hands are relatively common as they use their hands to explore their environment, making them more susceptible to injury. (newyorkhandsurgery.com)
  • When our hand and wrist are not functioning properly, daily activities such as driving a car, bathing, and cooking can become impossible. (newyorkhandsurgery.com)
  • Acrocyanosis is a painless disorder that affects the arteries supplying blood to the skin of the hands and feet. (mpma.org)
  • Individuals with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy develop contractures in their shoulders, elbows, hips, and knees, which further impair movement. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Soft tissue reconstruction helps to restore both the function and aesthetic appearance of the hand. (amarpatelmd.com)
  • Much options for skin coverage, makes ear reconstruction a progress has been made in ear reconstruction, especially challenge for plastic surgery1. (bvsalud.org)
  • The scarcity of skin three weeks, the cephalic pedicle of the tubular flap tissue in the area makes these cases a challenge in is released, and the upper margins of the defect are reconstruction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Such tumor can occur in hand and feet, and has a greater tendency toward malignant transformation than Ollier`s Disease. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • Hand Infections Caused By Bites The most common human bite-related infection of the hand is injury to the knuckles of a person who punches another person in the mouth (called a clenched fist injury or fight bite). (msdmanuals.com)
  • A large callus of thickened skin forms on the weight-bearing surface and the deformed position causes pain and leaves the feet open to injury and infection. (physio-pedia.com)
  • The most common breast abnormality seen in a primary caregiver's office in children younger than 12 years is a unilateral breast mass corresponding to asymmetrical breast development. (medscape.com)
  • When a child with clubfoot presents for the first time it is important to do a full assessment to check for any other neuromuscular abnormalities. (physio-pedia.com)
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis in which joints, usually including those of the hands and feet, are inflamed, resulting in swelling, pain, and often destruction of joints. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The bones of the thumb are small, and there are abnormalities in many or all of the muscles of the thumb along with a range of problems in the joints of the thumb. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Ollier`s Disease, It occur in hand and toes bones. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • It is characterized by overgrowth of the cartilage on the end of one or more of the long bones (carpal or tarsal bones) in the hand or foot. (totalfootandankle-tampabay.com)
  • Numbness and tingling in your hand or upper extremity are both unpleasant sensations. (fortworthhandcenter.com)
  • The Orthopedic Center's Hand and Orthopedic Upper Extremity Program and our Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery's Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Program have treated thousands of babies and children with thumb hypoplasia and aplasia and other hand problems. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Bethlem muscular dystrophy is estimated to occur in 0.77 per 100,000 individuals, and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy is estimated to occur in 0.13 per 100,000 individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • On examination she was found to have saddle nose deformity and camptodactyly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If you or a member of your family has a spinal deformity you probably have questions and concerns. (youngmenshealthsite.org)
  • Your orthopaedic surgeon and nurse are ready to answer your questions and help you understand your particular spinal abnormality and treatment. (youngmenshealthsite.org)