Skeletal muscles. Medical search. Frequent questions

The myofibrils are composed of actin and myosin filaments called myofilaments, repeated in units called sarcomeres, which are the basic functional, contractile units of the muscle fiber necessary for muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
The contraction of each muscle fiber bundle is controlled through the nerve impulses directed into the fiber bundle by a neuron, a type of electrical relay that is connected to the larger nervous system. (faqs.org)
When nerve impulses are communicated to the muscle, a complex series of electrochemical reactions convert the impulse into a muscle contraction. (faqs.org)
The actual muscle contraction generate within the muscle is fueled by the chemical reaction that occurs involving the compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which participates in a series of energy-producing reactions that involve creatine phosphate, present in the muscle cell, and gylcogen, transported to the cell through the blood as glucose. (faqs.org)
The contraction or extension of the skeletal muscles causes the attached bones forming joints to move either by flexing or extending. (microscopyu.com)
Solved] The skeletal muscle contraction takes place when the muscle is. (coursehero.com)
The skeletal muscle contraction takes place when the muscle is stimulated by nerve that can be somatic or motor. (coursehero.com)
Contractile element simulates the behaviour of skeletal muscle when it is subjected to eccentric and concentric contraction. (techscience.com)
This research aims to estimate the stress induced in skeletal muscle in eccentric and concentric contraction with respect to the predefined strain. (techscience.com)
With the use of mathematical model for contraction of skeletal muscle for eccentric and concentric contraction, the stress induced in the skeletal muscle is estimated in this research. (techscience.com)
With the use of force-velocity of contraction of muscle, mathematical model is developed. (techscience.com)
This can be useful to understand the mechanical behaviour of skeletal muscles in eccentric and concentric contraction with clinical relevance. (techscience.com)
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Despite clinical and physiologic similarities between RER and MH, we concluded that RER in Thoroughbreds does not resemble the SR ryanodine receptor defect responsible for MH and may represent a novel defect in muscle excitation-contraction coupling, calcium regulation, or contractility. (avma.org)
Contraction of skeletal muscle. (medlineplus.gov)

The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of muscle tissue, and are often known as muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
The muscle tissue of a skeletal muscle is striated - having a striped appearance due to the arrangement of the sarcomeres. (wikipedia.org)
both of these types of muscle tissue are classified as involuntary, or, under the control of the autonomic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Each individual fiber, and each muscle is surrounded by a type of connective tissue layer of fascia. (wikipedia.org)
Apart from the contractile part of a muscle consisting of its fibers, a muscle contains a non-contractile part of dense fibrous connective tissue that makes up the tendon at each end. (wikipedia.org)
Connective tissue is present in all muscles as deep fascia. (wikipedia.org)
In this paper, we discuss the current available information about the role that different phenotypes of macrophages plays after injury and during the remodelling phase in different tissue types, with particular attention to the skeletal muscle. (hindawi.com)
The muscle will taper at its opposite end into a more slender connective tissue, the muscle tendon, to the connection with the bone, the point of insertion. (faqs.org)
So we set out to generate this map as a reference that our lab and others can use to compare the genetic signatures of the cells we are creating to those of real human skeletal muscle tissue. (scienceblog.com)
The group obtained 21 samples of human skeletal muscle tissue from their UCLA collaborators and from colleagues at the University of Southern California and the University of Tübingen in Germany. (scienceblog.com)
In addition to pinning down the true maturity of the lab-produced cells, this analysis also provided details about the other cell types present in skeletal muscle tissue across development and in populations derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (scienceblog.com)
The skeletal muscle is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue. (microscopyu.com)
More importantly, the bioprinted constructs with neural cell integration facilitate rapid innervation and mature into organized muscle tissue that restores normal muscle weight and function in a rodent model of muscle defect injury. (nature.com)
These approaches have achieved bioengineered skeletal muscle tissue fabrication with cellular alignment in vitro, and some showed a degree of therapeutic potential in vivo. (nature.com)
To explore potential mechanisms, we employed the transgenic TG(mRen2)27 (Ren-2) hypertensive rat, which harbors the mouse renin transgene and exhibits elevated tissue ANG II levels, and skeletal muscle cell culture. (biosyn.com)
Tissue and blood samples were collected monthly to quantify vitamin D and calcium concentrations and to assess markers of muscle mitochondrial function and number. (pharmacytimes.com)
The overall goal of this method is to introduce a safe, effective, and well-tolerated technique of muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis, to obtain sufficient tissue for histochemistry and molecular analysis in both diagnostic and research studies. (jove.com)
This method can help investigators obtain sufficient muscle tissue with minimal discomfort and trauma for the participant. (jove.com)
Subcutaneous (SAT) and intermuscular (IMAT) adipose tissue and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured at the mid-thigh using computed tomography. (springer.com)
Skeletal muscle membrane vesicles, prepared by differential centrifugation of muscle tissue homogenates obtained from the horses, were characterized for sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) activities, including the Ca 2+ release rate for the ryanodine receptor-Ca 2+ release channel, [ 3 H]ryanodine binding activities, and rate of SR Ca 2+ -ATPase activity and its activation by Ca 2+ . (avma.org)
A layer of dense connective tissue, which is known as epimysium and is continuous with the tendon, surrounds each muscle (see the image below). (medscape.com)
A muscle is composed of numerous bundles of muscle fibers, termed fascicles , which are separated from each other by a connective tissue layer termed perimysium . (medscape.com)
Endomysium is the connective tissue that separates individual muscle fibers from each other. (medscape.com)

PROJECT DESCRIPTION / ABSTRACT Declines in muscle quality and impaired metabolism are major contributing factors to cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. (nih.gov)

A skeletal muscle contains multiple fascicles - bundles of muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Muscle fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts in a process known as myogenesis resulting in long multinucleated cells. (wikipedia.org)
Muscle fibers also have multiple mitochondria to meet energy needs. (wikipedia.org)
Muscle fibers are in turn composed of myofibrils. (wikipedia.org)
Muscles are predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates, but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used, particularly by fast twitch fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Skeletal muscles are substantially composed of multinucleated contractile muscle fibers (myocytes). (wikipedia.org)
As the muscles on examination appear to be constructed of varying lengths of strips, due to the manner in which the muscle fibers are situated, these muscles are also known as striated muscle. (faqs.org)
The muscle fibers that are the substance of each muscle are of similar construction throughout all skeletal muscles. (faqs.org)
The speed with which the neurons communicate impulses to the muscle fiber group determine whether the fibers will be a fast-twitch fiber (useful in sports that require, power, strength, and reaction time), or a slow-twitch fiber (best suited to endurance sports). (faqs.org)
In fine motor control muscles, such as the eyelid, the neuron may only control a group of 10 muscle fibers or fewer. (faqs.org)
In a large muscle such as the quadriceps or the gastrocnemius, each neuron may be connected to as many as 2,000 fibers. (faqs.org)
The fibers are made up of myofibrils, filaments that run the length of the muscle fiber. (faqs.org)
As the body rests, the muscle fibers attract cells known as myoblasts, which fuse with the existing fiber, causing the muscle fibers to become denser and stronger. (faqs.org)
Muscle size is not limitless, and the fibers will not attract unlimited numbers of myoblasts for repair, due to the presence of myostatin in the muscle cells. (faqs.org)
Muscles are tissues composed of bundles of fibers ( fascicles ) having varying lengths and diameters that can shorten, thicken, or lengthen depending on the location and the message sent by the controlling neurons. (microscopyu.com)
The change in the muscle fibers allows for the movement of body parts, whether it is involuntary (e.g., breathing by moving the lungs and blood circulation by the pumping of the heart) or voluntary where the primate can exert control (e.g., arm and leg muscles). (microscopyu.com)
Initiated by neural impulses and subsequent calcium release, skeletal muscle fibers contract (actively generate force) as a result of repetitive power strokes of acto-myosin cross-bridges. (frontiersin.org)
Accordingly, the volume of SR tubules localized around the myofibrils is strongly reduced in skeletal muscle fibers of 4- and 10-month-old sAnk1 knockout (KO) mice, while additional structural alterations only develop with aging. (mdpi.com)
To verify whether the lack of sAnk1 also alters intracellular Ca 2+ handling, cytosolic Ca 2+ levels were analyzed in stimulated skeletal muscle fibers from 4- and 10-month-old sAnk1 KO mice. (mdpi.com)
Mature muscle cells are termed muscle fibers or myofibers and they are often simply referred to as fibers . (medscape.com)
If the response of a muscle to the application of gradually increasing loads is measured, the slow fibers are recruited first. (medscape.com)

The article Skeletal Muscle - Structure and Histology provides a review of normal skeletal muscle histology and ultrastructure, including the histologic appearance of normal muscle with some of the various stains that are used for the processing of muscle biopsies. (medscape.com)

However, in terms of nuclei present in skeletal muscle, myocyte nuclei may be only half of the nuclei present, while nuclei from resident and infiltrating mononuclear cells make up the other half. (wikipedia.org)
The study , published May 11 in the peer-reviewed journal Cell Stem Cell, identified various cell types present in skeletal muscle tissues, from early embryonic development all the way to adulthood. (scienceblog.com)

Recently, several reports indicated that myostatin is secreted into the circulation and the increased levels of circulating myostatin is associated with the induction of skeletal muscle wasting in adult animals. (bioone.org)
The Skeletal Muscle Cell Differentiation Starter Package includes growth and differentiation media, as well as subculturing reagents optimized for expansion and subsequent induction of skeletal muscle cell myotube formation. (promocell.com)

Authors are further working to develop the mathematical model with torsion force with proper activation function of muscle and experimentation for extraction of the anisotropic mechanical properties of skeletal muscle. (techscience.com)

The operation of the nervous system and its relation to the skeletal muscular system is sometimes referred to as the neuromuscular system. (faqs.org)
The Baumann Laboratory largely focuses on elucidating the neuromuscular mechanisms of skeletal muscle weakness caused by aging and muscle myopathies. (ohio.edu)
Neural input into this bioprinted skeletal muscle construct shows the improvement of myofiber formation, long-term survival, and neuromuscular junction formation in vitro. (nature.com)
Muscle biopsy often contributes significantly to the evaluation of patients with neuromuscular disease. (medscape.com)
Knowledge of the fundamentals of muscle biopsy pathology is useful to promote understanding of the pathogenesis of many types of neuromuscular disorders and assists the non-pathologist clinician to understand reports that he or she receives for the muscle biopsies from his or her patients. (medscape.com)
Knowledge of the basic foundation of muscle biopsy also helps the clinician to understand in what situations a muscle biopsy would be expected to be helpful in assessment of the patient with neuromuscular disease and to be familiar with the types of information that it can provide. (medscape.com)
The article Muscle Biopsy and Clinical and Laboratory Features of Neuromuscular Disease provides information about the procedure of muscle biopsy and background about the general features of the clinical presentations of neuromuscular disorders. (medscape.com)
For a detailed discussion of muscle biopsy procedure and an overview of the clinical and laboratory features of neuromuscular disease, see Muscle Biopsy and Clinical and Laboratory Features of Neuromuscular Disease. (medscape.com)

Small Ankyrins (sAnk1) are muscle-specific isoforms generated by the Ank1 gene that participate in the organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscles. (mdpi.com)
Exercise promotes the formation of intracellular junctions in skeletal muscle between stacks of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) cisternae and extensions of transverse-tubules (TT) that increase co-localization of proteins required for store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE). (elifesciences.org)
Objective -To determine whether an alteration in calcium regulation by skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, similar to known defects that cause malignant hyperthermia (MH), could be identified in membrane vesicles isolated from the muscles of Thoroughbreds with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER). (avma.org)

The skeletal muscles are those tissues that are attached to the bones of the body beneath the skin. (faqs.org)
Also, a vascularization strategy using co-culture with endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts improved the survival of the bioengineered skeletal muscle tissues 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
To investigate the potential genetic mechanism underlying the meat quality differences in different pig breeds or muscle groups, longissimus dorsi (LD), psoas major (PM), and biceps femoris (BF) muscle tissues were collected from two pig breeds (Huai and Duroc). (bvsalud.org)

However, the role of TAK1 in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remains unknown. (jci.org)
Myostatin is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscles and involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. (bioone.org)

By overexpressing a protein called NANOG in senescent human myoblasts (the embryonic precursor for muscle cells) in the lab, scientists could reverse the age-related deterioration of the cells and increase their DNA repair mechanisms. (iflscience.com)
Each myofiber is a multinucleate syncytium formed by fusion of immature muscle cells termed myoblasts . (medscape.com)

Mitochondria, specialized cell organelles, convert nutrients into energy to meet the demands of the body, including skeletal muscle. (pharmacytimes.com)
After 3 months of diet-induced vitamin D deficiency, skeletal muscle mitochondrial function was found to be impaired by up to 37%, which was not due to a reduced number of mitochondria or a reduction in muscle mass, according to the researchers. (pharmacytimes.com)
They suggest that vitamin D deficiency decreases mitochondrial function, as opposed to reducing the number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. (pharmacytimes.com)
We find that low to moderate environmental exposure to arsenic in drinking water promotes skeletal muscle decline by disrupting muscle composition and structure, as well as injuring mitochondria and altering mitochondrial bioenergetics. (nih.gov)
In addition, targeted inactivation of TAK1 leads to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of adult mice. (jci.org)

Cardiac muscles are controlled through the function of the autonomic nervous system, the aspect of human function regulated by the hypothalamus region of the brain. (faqs.org)

However, considerable numbers of resident and infiltrating mononuclear cells are also present in skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
By comparison, the mononuclear cells in muscles are much smaller. (wikipedia.org)
Some of the mononuclear cells in muscles are endothelial cells (which are about 50-70 μm long, 10-30 μm wide and 0.1-10 μm thick), macrophages (21 μm in diameter) and neutrophils (12-15 μm in diameter). (wikipedia.org)
Considerable research on skeletal muscle is focused on the muscle fiber cells, the myocytes, as discussed in detail in the first sections, below. (wikipedia.org)
However, recently, interest has also focused on the different types of mononuclear cells of skeletal muscle, as well as on the endocrine functions of muscle, described subsequently, below. (wikipedia.org)
For this reason, the team of Shahragim Tajbakhsh from Institut Pasteur, in collaboration with the team of Wolf Reik at the Babraham (UK) tried to decipher the relationships between epigenetic regulation of DNA and ageing muscle stem cells. (pasteur.fr)
By examining the transcriptome and epigenome of individual muscle stem cells simultaneously, we found that DNA transcribes* more chaotically in older muscle stem cells compared to those in younger mice. (pasteur.fr)
This matrix protein is decreased in muscle stem cells in old mice thereby destabilising contact with the fibre. (pasteur.fr)
An interdisciplinary team of researchers at the Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA has developed a first-of-its-kind roadmap of how human skeletal muscle develops, including the formation of muscle stem cells. (scienceblog.com)
Focusing on muscle progenitor cells, which contribute to muscle formation before birth, and muscle stem cells, which contribute to muscle formation after birth and to regeneration from injury throughout life, the group mapped out how the cells' gene networks - which genes are active and inactive - change as the cells mature. (scienceblog.com)
The roadmap is critical for researchers who aim to develop muscle stem cells in the lab that can be used in regenerative cell therapies for devastating muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophies, and sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. (scienceblog.com)
Muscle loss due to aging or disease is often the result of dysfunctional muscle stem cells," said April Pyle, senior author of the paper and a member of the Broad Stem Cell Research Center. (scienceblog.com)
This map identifies the precise gene networks present in muscle progenitor and stem cells across development, which is essential to developing methods to generate these cells in a dish to treat muscle disorders. (scienceblog.com)
Researchers in Pyle's lab and others around the world already have the capacity to generate skeletal muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells - cells that have the ability to self-renew and to develop into any cell type in the body. (scienceblog.com)
We knew that the muscle cells we were making in the lab were not as functional as the fully matured muscle stem cells found in humans," said Haibin Xi, first author of the new paper and an assistant project scientist in Pyle's lab. (scienceblog.com)
To create this resource, the group gathered highly specific data about two different groups of skeletal muscle cells: those from the human body, ranging from the fifth week of embryonic development to middle age, and those derived from human pluripotent stem cells the researchers generated in the lab. (scienceblog.com)
For the pluripotent stem cell-derived muscle cells, the group evaluated cells created using their own unique method and the methods of several other groups. (scienceblog.com)
They next developed computational methods to focus on muscle progenitor and stem cells and mapped out their gene networks associated with every developmental stage. (scienceblog.com)
This enabled the group to match the genetic signatures found in the pluripotent stem cell-derived muscle cells with their corresponding locations on the map of human muscle development. (scienceblog.com)
The group found that pluripotent stem cell-derived muscle cells produced by all the methods they tried resembled muscle progenitor cells at an early developmental state and did not align to adult muscle stem cells. (scienceblog.com)
These cells could play an essential role in muscle cell maturation and could be critical to improving methods to generate and support muscle stem cells in a dish. (scienceblog.com)
We found that some methods to generate muscle cells in a dish also produce unique cell types that likely support the muscle cells," said Pyle, who is also a member of the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center. (scienceblog.com)
Could they be the key to producing and supporting mature and functional muscle stem cells in a dish? (scienceblog.com)
The experts at Cornell University investigated how serum from women who indulged in a blueberry-rich diet would affect the cells responsible for muscle growth and repair. (ibtimes.com)
These constructs (mm 3 -cm 3 scale) consisted of tens to hundreds of long parallel myofiber bundles, containing densely packed, highly viable, and aligned muscle cells. (nature.com)
Commonly, muscle fatigue, i.e., the decline of the generable force level over time, is differentiated between central fatigue , i.e., the inability of the neural network to provide sufficient stimulation, and peripheral fatigue , i.e., the inability of the muscle cells to provide energy through metabolic activities (cf. (frontiersin.org)
Recent studies demonstrated that there is conversation between skeletal muscle and beta-cells, and that certain peptides (i.e. myokines) secreted by insulin-resistant skeletal muscle cells may impact negatively on beta-cell function, proliferation and survival in T2D. (europa.eu)
Muscle cells cultured in iMPC medium also established MPC-like colonies. (tocris.com)
The purpose of the present study was to examine the involvement of NF-κB in the induction of the IL-6 promoter in skeletal muscle cells by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or IL-1α. (dovepress.com)
Low-serum cell culture medium for growth of skeletal muscle cells. (promocell.com)
Although all PromoCell media are optimized for use with primary human cells, we have received feedback from customers that this particular medium can also be used for murine, rat, canine, and rabbit skeletal muscle cells. (promocell.com)
Defined and animal-component free cell culture medium for differentiation of skeletal muscle cells. (promocell.com)
Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Cells isolated from different skeletal muscles from adult single donors. (promocell.com)
The latest study shows that it is possible to reverse aging in muscle cells without having the reprogam the cells to an embryonic pluripotent state. (iflscience.com)
Hallmarks of aging in muscle cells have been reversed by the overexpression of a specific protein called NANOG . (iflscience.com)
The finding by scientists from University at Buffalo shows how NANOG can reverse cellular aging in muscle cells without having to reprogram the cells to a more stem cell-like state, which has been an approach in the past in the search to reverse cellular aging. (iflscience.com)
Furthermore, in experiments involving animals, they showed that NANOG overexpressed in prematurely-aging mice increased the number of muscle stem cells present, showing that NANOG might have rejuvenating properties that could help reverse the aging process. (iflscience.com)
Our laboratory previously demonstrated that muscle-resident perivascular stem cells (NG2+ and CD146+ pericytes), also considered the primary mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in muscle, can effectively recover muscle mass in young adult mice following a period of immobilization. (illinois.edu)
In Chapter 3, single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted on hindlimb muscle two weeks after immobilization to evaluate differential gene expression in pericytes and other mononuclear cells. (illinois.edu)

Finally, TAK1 activity is highly upregulated during overload-induced skeletal muscle growth, and inactivation of TAK1 prevents myofiber hypertrophy in response to functional overload. (jci.org)
A ) Four-month-old WT mice were subjected to bilateral synergistic ablation (SA) by surgical removal of GA and soleus muscles to induce overload hypertrophy in plantaris muscles. (jci.org)
Harber MP, Konopka AR, Undem MK, Hinkley JM, Minchev K, Kaminsky LA, Trappe TA, Trappe S (2012) Aerobic exercise training induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and age-dependent adaptations in myofiber function in young and older men. (springer.com)

In April 2023, Professor Katsuhiko Funai at University of Utah published a study in Life Metabolism entitled 'Weight loss increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial energy efficiency in obese mice'(DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load014). (news-medical.net)
The proposed studies seek to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the hypothesis that arsenic impairs muscle progenitor cell function and differentiation to promote declines in muscle quality and composition, as well as disrupt communication of healthy muscle metabolism with systemic organs. (nih.gov)
Overall, our study demonstrates that TAK1 is a key regulator of skeletal muscle mass and oxidative metabolism. (jci.org)
We demonstrate that exercise training targets many of the age-related transcripts and DNA methylation loci to maintain younger methylome and transcriptome profiles, specifically in genes related to muscle structure, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. (lu.se)
The DEGs of the different pig breeds and muscle regions were significantly enriched in the biological processes and signaling pathways related to muscle fiber type, IMF deposition, lipid metabolism , PPAR signaling, cAMP signaling, amino acid metabolism , and ECM-receptor interaction. (bvsalud.org)

To accomplish this work, the Baumann Laboratory uses various physiological techniques and equipment to assess muscular function in mice that includes a rotarod, treadmill, running wheels, grip strength meter, and ex vivo and in vivo muscle contractility testing. (ohio.edu)
Funai and colleagues found that during weight loss in obese mice, the efficiency of skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation increased, resulting in a reduction in energy expenditure throughout the body, which in turn contributes to weight loss rebound. (news-medical.net)
The results showed that there was no significant change in mitochondrial proteomes or respiratory chain supercomplex formation in skeletal muscle of weight-loss mice, but oxidative phosphorylation efficiency significantly increased. (news-medical.net)
Finally, by analyzing the lipidome of skeletal muscle in weight-loss mice, the authors found that weight loss accelerated the remodeling of mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL) acyl-chains to increase tetralinoleoyl CL (TLCL) content, a species of lipids thought to be functionally critical for the respiratory enzymes. (news-medical.net)
Further studies showed that knocking down CL acyltransferase tafazzin reduced TLCL levels as well as skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation levels, allowing mice to avoid diet-induced weight gain. (news-medical.net)
2023). Weight loss increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial energy efficiency in obese mice. (news-medical.net)
Here, we report that inducible inactivation of TAK1 causes severe muscle wasting, leading to kyphosis, in both young and adult mice. (jci.org)
Inhibition of TAK1 does not attenuate denervation-induced muscle wasting in adult mice. (jci.org)
B ) Densitometry quantification of TAK1 enzymatic activity and phosphorylated vs. total levels of TAK1 and mTOR in plantaris muscle of Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice. (jci.org)
C ) Average wet weight of plantaris muscle of sham and SA-14 Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice. (jci.org)
Representative photomicrographs of plantaris muscle sections of Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice after ( D ) anti-dystrophin staining and ( E ) H&E staining. (jci.org)
F ) Quantification of average fiber CSA in dystrophin-stained plantaris muscle sections of Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice. (jci.org)
0.05 values significantly different from sham-operated muscle of Tak1 fl/fl mice by 1-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. (jci.org)
G ) Representative immunoblots of phosphorylated and total Akt, mTOR, and 4E-BP1 protein levels and unrelated protein GAPDH in plantaris muscle of Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice. (jci.org)
H ) Densitometry quantification of the ratio of phosphorylated vs. total protein levels of Akt, mTOR, and 4E-BP1 in plantaris muscle of Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice 14 days after SA surgery. (jci.org)
The functional benefits of exercise on SOCE, constitutive Ca 2+ entry and muscle force production were lost in mice with muscle-specific loss of Orai1 function. (elifesciences.org)
In Chapter 2, pericytes were isolated based on two cell surface markers (NG2 and CD146) and then transplanted into tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in young adult mice after two weeks of immobilization. (illinois.edu)

Altogether, the evidence suggests that weight loss leads to an increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial energy production efficiency, thereby reducing energy expenditure throughout the body. (news-medical.net)

Our results show there is a clear link between vitamin D deficiency and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle," said Andrew Philp, PhD, BSc, in a press release. (pharmacytimes.com)
To determine whether differences exist in exercise performance, muscle function, and muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and content between symptomatic and asymptomatic statin users, and control subjects. (medscape.com)
Statin use attenuated substrate use during maximal exercise performance, induced muscle fatigue during repeated muscle contractions, and decreased muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity. (medscape.com)
This suggests disturbances in mitochondrial oxidative capacity occur with statin use even in patients without statin-induced muscle complaints. (medscape.com)
[ 4-6 ] Although the mechanisms are poorly understood, statins have been shown to reduce muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and content in humans [ 7-10 ] and impair exercise-mediated mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
The aim of the current study was to examine whether differences exist in aerobic exercise performance, muscle contractile function, and muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and content between long-term symptomatic and asymptomatic statin users, and control subjects who did not use a statin drug. (medscape.com)

Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is used only to power the contractions of the heart. (faqs.org)
Maximal incremental cycling tests, involuntary electrically stimulated isometric quadriceps-muscle contractions, and biopsy of vastus lateralis muscle. (medscape.com)
Dantrolene sodium stimulates muscle relaxation by modulating skeletal muscle contractions at the site beyond the myoneural junction and acting directly on the muscle itself. (medscape.com)
Muscle twitching is caused by minor muscle contractions in the area, or uncontrollable twitching of a muscle group that is served by a single motor nerve fiber. (medlineplus.gov)

The biceps and triceps muscles of the upper arm are an extensor/flexor pair for the elbow joint, as are the quadriceps (extensor) and the hamstrings (flexor) in the movements of the knee. (faqs.org)
Examination of biopsies from the semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles showed no alteration in water content or glycogen concentration with treatment. (bl.uk)
The only notable effect was the alteration in histochemical profile of the biceps femoris muscle. (bl.uk)
Here we present a study aimed at evaluating if a correlation exists between the treatment with GPAs and alterations in the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) protein pattern obtained from the biceps brachii skeletal muscle from mixed-bred cattle. (lu.se)

This calls for dietary interventions and other strategies to improve muscle progenitor cell proliferation and lower oxidative stress that could aid muscle regeneration during aging. (ibtimes.com)
The human muscle progenitor cell or hMPC is responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration. (ibtimes.com)
They then investigated how the serum would affect muscle progenitor cell function by calculating the cell number, capacity to manage oxidative stress, etc. (ibtimes.com)
This preliminary study of muscle progenitor cell function paves the way for future studies to develop clinical interventions," EurekAlert quoted the study's lead author Anna Thalacker-Mercer, Ph.D. (ibtimes.com)
On day 0, fibroblast culture medium was exchanged for induced myogenic progenitor cell (iMPCs) medium, which resulted in iMPCs expressing key skeletal muscle stem and progenitor cell markers, by day 19. (tocris.com)

A bioengineered skeletal muscle construct that mimics structural and functional characteristics of native skeletal muscle is a promising therapeutic option to treat extensive muscle defect injuries. (nature.com)
In this study, we investigate the effects of neural cell integration into the bioprinted skeletal muscle construct to accelerate functional muscle regeneration in vivo. (nature.com)
20% of the original mass invariably results in functional impairment with limited regeneration capacity, which requires reconstructive surgical procedures such as autologous muscle flap transfers 1 . (nature.com)
We also demonstrated the feasibility of using these 3D bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs to treat critical-sized muscle defect injuries with structural and functional restoration in a rodent model 2 . (nature.com)
describe a protocol for the direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into expandable functional skeletal muscle progenitors. (tocris.com)
2018) Direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into functional skeletal muscle progenitors. (tocris.com)

Skeletal muscle disuse atrophy is the decline of muscle mass that occurs after periods of extended bed rest or immobilization. (illinois.edu)

Although this phenomenon has long been identified and has been suggested that weight loss may alter skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, the mechanisms are not fully understood and direct evidence is lacking. (news-medical.net)
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the increased serum levels of active form of myostatin protein, induced yet unknown post-translational control mechanisms may be responsible, at least in part, for the muscle wasting associated with the adrenal insufficiency syndromes. (bioone.org)

Overall, the Baumann Laboratory seeks to improve functionality and health span in frail and myopathic skeletal muscle through diagnosis, treatment, and prevention efforts. (ohio.edu)
this will not present instruction on the subtleties of advanced muscle biopsy diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Most muscle biopsies exhibit a constellation of pathologic findings that must be synthesized to arrive at a diagnosis. (medscape.com)

This article describes the structure, histologic features, and ultrastructural features of normal adult human skeletal muscle and addresses the results of improper specimen handling during muscle biopsy. (medscape.com)

Specifically, titin is responsible for most of the passive forces in sarcomeres and the passive visco-elastic behaviour of myofibrils and muscles. (techscience.com)

The effect of strength and endurance exercise on skeletal muscle ultrastructure was investigated in 3 Thoroughbreds and 1 Heavy Hunter using various fixation procedures. (bl.uk)

However, the linkage between ROS and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle remains unclear. (biosyn.com)

One of the first books addressing (muscle as well as whole body) fatigue was published at the beginning of the 20th century ( Mosso, 1904 ) and a multitude of research has followed since, see Gandevia (2001) for a thorough review. (frontiersin.org)
Goodpaster BH, Carlson CL, Visser M, Kelley DE, Scherzinger A, Harris TB, Stamm E, Newman AB (2001) Attenuation of skeletal muscle and strength in the elderly: The Health ABC Study. (springer.com)

The remainder of this article addresses the key clinical characteristics and pathologic findings on muscle biopsy of selected examples of disorders from 4 different categories of muscle disease: immune-mediated (inflammatory) myopathies, muscular dystrophies, metabolic myopathies, and congenital myopathies. (medscape.com)
Prolonged loss of muscle can lead to metabolic disorders, physical disability, loss of independence and premature death. (illinois.edu)
This article provides introductory background information to assist the reader in understanding pathologic findings in muscle in various disorders that are presented in a separate article. (medscape.com)

Harber MP, Konopka AR, Douglass MD, Minchev K, Kaminsky LA, Trappe TA, Trappe S (2009) Aerobic exercise training improves whole muscle and single myofiber size and function in older women. (springer.com)

The PromoCell Skeletal Muscle Cell Growth Medium is a low-serum medium (5% V/V) developed for the expansion of human skeletal muscle cell cultures. (promocell.com)

The muscle pathologist must analyze and interpret the histopathologic features within the individual clinical context to arrive at a diagnostic formulation that makes sense for a given patient. (medscape.com)
Here is an example to illustrate the lack of specificity of histopathologic findings and the importance of clinical information for interpretation of a muscle biopsy: A biopsy might exhibit myofibers that contain clear vacuoles on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections. (medscape.com)
Simply writing, "R/O polymyositis" or "weakness", or worse, "muscle weakness" (we would not be concerned about weakness of character here, so using the term muscle weakness in this context seems oddly redundant) does not provide the pathologist with any useful clinical information and is a disservice to the patient. (medscape.com)
Assuming that the skeletal muscle mass can change during PWT, we investigated the clinical effect of skeletal muscle change on surgical outcomes of PHC. (nih.gov)
For example, the Effect of Statins on Skeletal Muscle Function and Performance (STOMP) trial is, to our knowledge, the only randomized, double-blind clinical trial that has examined aerobic exercise performance and muscle strength before and after treatmentwith placebo or high-dose atorvastatin. (medscape.com)

Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as muscles) are organs of the vertebrate muscular system and typically are attached by tendons to bones of a skeleton. (wikipedia.org)
The tendons attach the muscles to bones to give skeletal movement. (wikipedia.org)
The length of a muscle includes the tendons. (wikipedia.org)

Many symptoms that are common in people with HSP are not caused directly by HSP but are instead caused indirectly by muscle spasticity, weakness, or hyperactive reflexes. (medscape.com)
However, one of the drawbacks of using these agents is that some patients find that the stiffness of spasticity helps them to overcome the muscle weakness that occurs in HSP. (medscape.com)
Contact your health care provider if you have long-term or persistent muscle twitches or if twitching occurs with weakness or loss of muscle. (medlineplus.gov)

Muscles lose their strength, flexibility, and endurance over time, according to the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC). (ibtimes.com)
Coggan AR, Spina RJ, King DS, Rogers MA, Brown M, Nemeth PM, Holloszy JO (1992) Skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training in 60- to 70-year-old men and women. (springer.com)
[ 12 ] STOMP researchers found that more patients in the atorvastatin group than in the placebo group developed muscle complaints, but there were no differences in muscle strength and endurance, aerobic performance, or physical activity levels after 6 months of treatment. (medscape.com)

This article first presents and contrasts neurogenic and general myopathic features on muscle biopsy. (medscape.com)

We previously showed that bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs were able to form multi-layered bundles with aligned myofibers. (nature.com)

These results indicate that TT association with SR-stacks enhances Orai1-dependent SOCE to optimize Ca 2+ dynamics and muscle contractile function during acute exercise. (elifesciences.org)
Few studies have examined the effects of statins on muscle contractile function and exercise performance, and even fewer studies have examined this in statin users with muscle complaints. (medscape.com)

Compared with Sprague-Dawley normtensive control rats, Ren-2 skeletal muscle exhibited significantly increased oxidative stress, NF-ĸB activation, and TNF-α expression, which were attenuated by in vivo treatment with an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker (valsartan) or SOD/catalase mimetic (tempol). (biosyn.com)
0.05, values significantly different from sham-operated muscle by unpaired t test. (jci.org)
The IMF content in the LD, PM, and BF muscles of Huai pigs was significantly higher than that in Duroc pigs (p (bvsalud.org)
Similarly, the content of flavor amino acids in the three muscle groups was significantly higher in Huai pigs than that in Duroc pigs (p (bvsalud.org)

Currently, research on dietary interventions to support skeletal muscle regeneration in humans is limited. (ibtimes.com)

Myostatin is the hormone produced by the body that regulates muscle size, a natural limit on how large muscles can grow. (faqs.org)

Tizanidine is a centrally acting muscle relaxant that is metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine and feces. (medscape.com)

Overall, the findings presented in this dissertation demonstrate that CD146+ pericytes and CD146+ pericyte-derived extracellular vesicles possess high capacity to stimulate muscle regrowth after immobilization, which may in part be due to resolution of oxidative stress. (illinois.edu)

Abnormalities in exercising skeletal muscle in congestive heart failure can be explained in terms of decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis, reduced metabolic efficiency, and increased glycogenolysis. (bmj.com)

Front and back views of the major skeletal muscles of the human body There are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the human body, making up around 40% of body weight in healthy young adults. (wikipedia.org)
Human musculo-skeletal system. (faqs.org)
These results suggest that the 3D bioprinted human neural-skeletal muscle constructs can be rapidly integrated with the host neural network, resulting in accelerated muscle function restoration. (nature.com)
This strategy has been applied to develop a three-dimensional (3D) human muscle model with endothelium specificity and endomysium for the study of fibrosis 22 . (nature.com)
Muscles provide physiological functions to drive body movement and anatomically characterize body shape, making them a crucial component of modeling animated human figures. (nowpublishers.com)
On the other hand, the simulation of physiological muscle functions aims to identify the biomechanical controls responsible for realistic human motion. (nowpublishers.com)
This video demonstrates the technique of percutaneous muscle biopsy of the human vastus lateralis using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome. (jove.com)
Here, we performed a powerful meta-analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of an unprecedented number of human skeletal muscle samples (n = 3176). (lu.se)

Skeletal muscles are responsible for the relative motion of the bones at the joints and provide the required strength. (techscience.com)

We survey various approaches to model and simulate muscles both morphologically and functionally. (nowpublishers.com)
This short book surveys various approaches to model and simulate muscles both morphologically and functionally. (nowpublishers.com)

A diet with blueberries might improve muscle growth and repair, finds a new study which revealed that the low-calorie dark blue colored berries might improve one's potential for preservation and recovery of skeletal muscle mass. (ibtimes.com)
Product bundle consisting of Skeletal Muscle Cell Growth and Differentiation Media and subculture reagents. (promocell.com)
A set of proteins could be defined that accurately detect the use of glucocorticoids and beta(2)-agonists as growth promoters through the changes caused in muscle differentiation. (lu.se)

Sample Population -Muscle biopsy specimens from 6 Thoroughbreds with RER and 6 healthy (control) horses. (avma.org)
Also, muscle biopsy specimens were not obtained in the STOMP trial to investigate whether changes in mitochondrial content and/or function occur during statin treatment andwhether they relate to muscle complaints and exercise performance. (medscape.com)
Many of the images show the normal microscopic appearance of muscle biopsy specimens, with some of the basic histological stains that are used in the workup of muscle biopsies. (medscape.com)

The present findings provide novel insights on inflammation-induced stimulation of IL-6 promoter activity in skeletal muscle which is an important but non-traditional component of the innate immune system. (dovepress.com)

Central to the reaction is the balance between sodium and potassium in the muscle membrane fluid. (faqs.org)
Welchii has been observed to selectively block the action potential generating mechanism in the muscle membrane by splitting phosphorylcholine from membraneous lecithin. (dtic.mil)

Anatomy51

Organisms21

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Information Science3

Health Care1

Contraction14

Tissue23

Abstract1

Fibers21

Normal skeletal muscle1

Present in skeletal muscle2

Induction of skeletal muscle2

Properties of skeletal muscle1

Neuromuscular8

Sarcoplasmic reticulum3

Tissues3

Regulation of skeletal2

Myoblasts2

Mitochondria5

Autonomic nervou1

Cells39

Hypertrophy3

Metabolism5

Mice17

Mitochondrial energy1

Oxidative capacity6

Contractions4

Biceps4

Progenitor5

Functional6

Atrophy1

Mechanisms2

Diagnosis3

Adult1

Myofibrils1

Ultrastructure1

Remains unclear1

20012

Disorders3

Myofiber1

Cell Growth Medium1

Clinical5

Tendons3

Weakness3

Endurance3

Myopathic1

Bundles1

Contractile2

Significantly4

Regeneration1

Regulates1

Liver1

Vesicles1

Abnormalities1

Human8

Bones1

Simulate2

Growth3

Biopsy specimens3

Promoter1

Membrane2