Single stranded genus of viruses virology diarrhea viruses bovine viral. Medical search. Frequent questions

Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an icosahedral core containing a positive-sense RNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
Pestiviruses are enveloped viruses within the family Flaviviridae that have a highly variable single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of ≈12.3 kb ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Of the nonhost reads, 89.9% assembled into a single sequence contig encompassing the entire pestivirus Burdur/05 genome (coverage 196-fold). (cdc.gov)
Soon after infection, the single stranded positive RNA that constitutes the viral genome is efficiently translated using a cap-independent mechanism driven by the internal ribosome entry site element (IRES). (bionity.com)
Genome organisation and translation strategy are highly similar for the members of both genera. (bionity.com)
Coronavirus (CoV) genome replication takes place in the cytoplasm in a membrane-protected microenvironment, and starts with the translation of the genome to produce the viral replicase. (bionity.com)
Like all flaviviruses, ZIKV is a single-stranded RNA virus with a positive-polarity RNA genome of approximately 11 kb. (biomedcentral.com)
Notably, the majority of the emerging viruses enclose RNA genome and these are more prone for insertions/mutation in their genome, leading to evolving viral variants. (benthamopen.com)
The prominent gastroenteric virus is rotavirus, which is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented nature of genome enabling higher reassortment events and generates unusual strains with unique genomic constellations derivative of parental rotavirus strains. (benthamopen.com)
The virus has a circular genome of 3,912 nucleotides, three major putative open reading frames, and encodes a Rep gene of 310 amino acids. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally, we obtained the complete or near-complete genome of bovine rhinitis B, enterovirus E1, bovine viral diarrhea virus (sub-genotypes 1a and 1c) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and partial sequences of other viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Its genome is about 1.7 kb long and is composed of covalently closed single-strand negative circular DNA. (creative-biolabs.com)
Circoviruses have an ambisense genome with two major ORFs encoded on opposite strands of the replicative dsDNA intermediate, from the rep and cap genes. (creative-biolabs.com)

Pestiviruses account for important diseases in animals such as Classical swine fever (CSF) and Bovine viral diarrhoea / Mucosal disease (BVD/MD). According to the current O.I.E. list CSF and BVD/MD are notifiable diseases and eradication programms are administered in many countries worldwide. (bionity.com)
From bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease to bloat, here are five common diseases in cattle that you must watch for in your new herd to ensure optimal animal health and eliminate production losses. (cowcaretaker.com)
As the clinical disease caused by classical rabies virus and other lyssaviruses is indistinguishable, the term 'rabies' refers to disease caused by any of the known lyssavirus species.2-5 Human exposure can occur via a scratch or bite that has broken the skin, or via direct contact with the mucosal surface of a person, such as nose, eye or mouth. (studyres.com)

Although a number of other febrile viral infections may produce hemorrhage, only the agents of Lassa, Marburg, Ebola, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fevers are known to have caused significant outbreaks of disease with person-to-person transmission. (cdc.gov)
Several viral infections in humans have been tracked to have animal-origin and conversely, reverse-zoonosis is also not unusual [ 1 Choudhary P, Minakshi P, Ranjan K, Basanti B. Zooanthroponotic transmission of rotavirus in Haryana State of Northern India. (benthamopen.com)
As novel regulatory molecules, circRNAs mediate the regulation of viral infections and the cellular immune response, which provide a new perspective for understanding virus-cell interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Noninvasive disease tends to present with watery diarrhea, while invasive infections cause bloody diarrhea. (lecturio.com)

The genus Pestivirus comprises the established species bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-1, BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV), as well as a growing number of additional tentative Pestivirus species. (cdc.gov)
for BVDV frequently nonhomologous RNA recombination events lead to the appearance of genetically distinct viruses that are lethal to the host. (bionity.com)
Bovine viral diarrhea or BVD is a common cattle disease caused by the notorious bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). (cowcaretaker.com)

The term viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) refers to the illness associated with a number of geographically restricted viruses. (cdc.gov)
Between 1968 and 2002, 606 strains including 10 human ZIKV strains were isolated in Central and West Africa countries and reported by the WHO Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever of Pasteur Institute in Dakar [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Processing of the viral polyprotein is achieved cotranslationally by viral encoded proteases , giving rise to the different mature viral proteins. (bionity.com)
Viral RNA as well as viral proteins interact with different components of the host cell, acting as key determinants of viral pathogenesis. (bionity.com)
Both viral and cellular proteins are required for replication and transcription. (bionity.com)
Cell macromolecular synthesis may be controlled after CoV infection by locating some virus proteins in the host cell nucleus. (bionity.com)
Both termini of the genomic contain sequences that do not encode viral proteins, known as the 5′ and the 3′ untranslated region. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. (lookformedical.com)
These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell. (lookformedical.com)
Structural perspectives of beak and feather disease virus and porcine circovirus proteins. (creative-biolabs.com)

In depth knowledge of the molecular basis of the viral cycle is needed to control viral pathogenesis and disease spreading. (bionity.com)
However, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the infection caused by each virus is distinct, as are the diseases they cause. (bionity.com)
Although studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are involved in the regulation of host cells after viral infection, there is a lot to unravel to understand the role that circRNAs play in virus-host interactions and viral pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Occasionally viruses are transmitted from this reservoir to other species and may then cause devastating outbreaks in domestic poultry or give rise to human influenza pandemics. (wikipedia.org)
In other species, the virus causes no obvious disease. (wikipedia.org)
Ample data is available in support of the emergence of new viruses or virus strains which have established in uncommon host species or exhibiting species jumping, making their survival in the bionetwork conceivable. (benthamopen.com)
Our findings suggest that the virus can infect sheep, highlighting the potential for cross-species transmission. (bvsalud.org)
Our study underscores the need for continued epidemiological surveillance of this virus due to its widespread prevalence in our ruminant population and potential for cross-species transmission. (bvsalud.org)
The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
There are 12 known species within the genus Lyssavirus, including the classical rabies virus and other closely related lyssaviruses such as the Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) and European bat lyssaviruses. (studyres.com)
Lyssaviruses have been found in all continents, except Antarctica.11 Rabies that is due to the classical rabies virus and occurs in land dwelling (terrestrial) mammals is present throughout much of Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe, where the virus is maintained in certain species of mammals, particularly dogs. (studyres.com)
This study highlights the use of untargeted sequencing approaches to study the unrecognised range of microorganisms present in healthy or diseased animals and the need to study previously uncultured viral species that may have an important role in cattle respiratory disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, not only did these studies identify previously unrecognised viral species, but they also consistently observed an abundance of viruses not part of the regular veterinary diagnostic laboratory detection range, including influenza D virus (IDV), bovine rhinitis viruses A and B (BRAV and BRBV), parvoviruses and bovine herpesviruses other than bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1). (biomedcentral.com)
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) species are a diverse group of pathogens classified into 5 major pathotypes that can cause intestinal infection and diarrhea. (lecturio.com)
Virulence Virulence The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. (lecturio.com)

In addition research into animal viruses has made an important contribution to our understanding of viruses in general, their replication, molecular biology , evolution and interaction with the host. (bionity.com)
Circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses are highly diverse and have a broad range of hosts. (bvsalud.org)
In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. (lookformedical.com)

BACKGROUND: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a primary cause of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide, and is also associated with acute diarrhea in adult cattle during the winter season, resulting heavy economic losses to both dairy and beef industry throughout the world. (ac.ir)
A high abundance of bovine nidovirus, influenza D, bovine rhinitis A and bovine coronavirus was found in the samples. (biomedcentral.com)

Bovine viral diarrhoea is also called bovine pestivirus infection. (cowcaretaker.com)
Pestivirus is a genus of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes in the family Flaviviridae, which also includes Border Disease Virus (BDV) and Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV). (cowcaretaker.com)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family and is the cause of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs, cattle, sheep and goats. (wikipedia.org)
Torovirus is a genus of viruses within the family Coronaviridae, subfamily Torovirinae that primarily infect vertebrates and include Berne virus of horses and Breda virus of cattle. (wikipedia.org)
Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of Orbivirus genus within the Reoviridae family causes serious disease in livestock (sheep, goat, cattle). (wikipedia.org)
Cattle herds struggling with BVD shed lesser virus for a short time if they have antibodies when acute infection occurs. (cowcaretaker.com)
BRDC or bovine respiratory disease complex is a respiratory system infection common in young weaning cattle that is caused by several factors such as bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens. (cowcaretaker.com)
In this study, we report the detection of Bo-Circo-like virus AH20-1 in the feces of diarrheal cattle. (bvsalud.org)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in intensively managed cattle, often resulting in high morbidity and mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
While the severity of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) varies, it can account for up to 70% of the mortality observed in intensive beef production systems (i.e., feedlot cattle) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Pestiviruses have a single stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes. (wikipedia.org)
To determine why serum from small ruminants infected with ruminant pestiviruses reacted positively to classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-specific diagnostic tests, we analyzed 2 pestiviruses from Turkey. (cdc.gov)

The present invention is relative to chimerical peptides, whose primary structure holds at least one segment which inhibits the activation of the NS3 protease of a virus from the Flaviviridae family, they also contain a cell penetrating segment and they are capable of inhibiting or attenuate the viral infection. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
This invention is also relative to pharmaceutical compounds which contain these chimerical peptides for the prevention and/or treatment of the infection caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
1. Chimerical peptides, characterized by having a primary structure comprising at least one segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease from a virus of the Flaviviridae family and a cell penetrating segment and these peptides are able to inhibit or attenuate the infection by the virus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
An animal may get infected by bovine viral diarrhoea virus after birth or through fetal congenital infection before birth (usually in the first 100 days of the gestation period. (cowcaretaker.com)
One person had worked with animals infected with live virus, but it is uncertain how the other person acquired the infection (4,5). (cdc.gov)
ZIKV infection diagnosis relies on serology-which is challenging due to cross-reactions with other flaviviruses and/or absence or low titer of IgM and IgG antibodies at early phase of infection- virus isolation, which is labor intensive, time consuming and requires appropriate containment. (biomedcentral.com)
The non-specific clinical presentation can be confused with most other arboviruses particularly dengue and chikungunya virus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
In infection with the morbillivirus prototype measles virus (MeV), cellular and humoral immunity contribute to protection. (biomedcentral.com)
The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
However, it is not clear whether they are involved in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection and host response. (biomedcentral.com)

Influenza is caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae and affects birds and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Wild aquatic birds are the natural hosts for a large variety of influenza A viruses. (wikipedia.org)
avian influenza viruses can directly infect humans. (bionity.com)
Several notifiable emerging viruses like influenza, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, Hendra, Nipah and Zika viruses have become the leading causes of epidemics and losses thereto in both human and animals. (benthamopen.com)

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito borne flavivirus is a pathogen affecting humans in Asia and Africa. (biomedcentral.com)

and circovirus, which includes porcine circovirus types 1 and 2, psittacine beak and feather disease virus, pigeon circovirus, canary circovirus, goose circovirus. (wikipedia.org)

The family includes pathogens such as rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and potato yellow dwarf virus that are of public health, veterinary, and agricultural significance. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Officer, Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases (ext. 1344). (cdc.gov)
Chief, Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases: Joseph B. McCormick, M.D. (ext. 3308). (cdc.gov)
Senior Medical Officer, Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases: Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, M.D. (ext. 3308). (cdc.gov)
Genetic evolutionary analysis revealed that NX20-1 strain was closely related to the Japanese strain Bo-12-38/2009/JPN and belonged to Boosepivirus B. In addition, we found that the virus was prevalent in China with an overall positivity rate of 10.6% (64 of 603 samples), and there was significant coinfection with other pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
Bovine respiratory disease has a complex aetiology that includes a combination of stressors, individual host factors and a varying number of pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
While some viruses and bacteria have been widely studied and are known to be an important component of the respiratory complex, novel, emerging or unrecognised pathogens are not easily detected because they are not routinely considered in the differential diagnosis or laboratory diagnostic assays are not available. (biomedcentral.com)

This process occurs concomitantly with the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, caused by the expression of viral proteases. (bionity.com)

A weakened immune system and stress also cause BRDC, which explains why it's also called "Shipping fever" because most animals catch this type of bovine pneumonia shortly after stressful transportation. (cowcaretaker.com)

Therefore, outbreaks of herpesviruses in livestock cause significant financial losses and are an important area of study in veterinary virology. (wikipedia.org)

Bovine Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis or hardware disease isn't really a disease but an injury to the reticulum that occurs when an animal ingests nuts, bolts, nails, wire, needles, safety pins, staples, and even other sharp nonmetallic objects like glass. (cowcaretaker.com)

Viruses can also use circRNAs to interfere with the host antiviral immune response and help to escape immune surveillance and antiviral immunity. (biomedcentral.com)

10. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, where the mentioned virus from the Flaviviridae family is a Hepacivirus and specifically HCV. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

The study of animal viruses is important from a veterinary viewpoint and many of these viruses cause diseases that are economically devastating. (bionity.com)
Undetected, these could lead to diarrhea, loss of body weight and infected meat, but fortunately, most diseases aren't fatal for cows. (cowcaretaker.com)
Virology experts recommend following a vaccination program for various bovine diseases, and vaccines for BVD are available as either killed virus or modified live virus vaccines. (cowcaretaker.com)
Director, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases (ext. 3574). (cdc.gov)
This genus of single-stranded negative sense enveloped RNA viruses causes relevant diseases (like measles or canine distemper) in human and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)

Circoviruses are small single-stranded DNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Circoviruses are the smallest viruses known to exist, replicating autonomously in mammalian cells. (creative-biolabs.com)
Porcine circoviruses (PCVs), as members of the Circovirus genus of the Circoviridae family, have been linked to a variety of pig disease conditions, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), respiratory disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and reproductive disorders. (creative-biolabs.com)

A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)

Molecular characterization of unusual bovine rotavirus A strains having high genetic relatedness with human rotavirus: Evidence for zooanthroponotic transmission. (benthamopen.com)
Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
Aerosol transmission has never been well documented in the natural environment.6 There has been transmission of rabies virus reported following tissue or organ transplantation from donors who died with undiagnosed rabies. (studyres.com)

Rhabdoviruses are a diverse family of single stranded, negative sense RNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, from plants and insects, to fish and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
The Rhaboviridae family consists of six genera, two of which, cytorhabdoviruses and nucleorhabdoviruses, only infect plants. (wikipedia.org)
The family includes equine arteritis virus (EAV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV) of mice and simian haemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV). (wikipedia.org)
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus which replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells and is the only member of the Asfarviridae family. (wikipedia.org)
Flaviviruses constitute a family of linear, single-stranded RNA(+) viruses. (wikipedia.org)
The viruses in this family that are of veterinary importance include Japanese encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus, Sitiawan virus, Wesselsbron virus, yellow fever virus and the tick-borne flaviviruses e.g. louping ill virus. (wikipedia.org)
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the prototypic member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. (bionity.com)
It was declared a member of the Caliciviridae family of viruses in 1993. (medscape.com)
Lassa virus, named after a small town in northeastern Nigeria, is an enveloped, single-stranded, bisegmented ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus classified in the family Arenaviridae. (cdc.gov)
We found that the virus is closely related to the Bo-Circo-like virus CH strain, which belongs to the novel Kirkoviridae family. (bvsalud.org)
4.16 RABIES AND OTHER LYSSAVIRUSES (INCLUDING AUSTRALIAN BAT LYSSAVIRUS) 4.16.1 Virology Lyssaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus. (studyres.com)

The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)

Evolutionary biology has become one of the imperative determinants explaining the origin of several viruses which were either identified decades back or are recognized lately using metagenomic approaches. (benthamopen.com)

The nocturnal bats have been accepted harbouring many pathogenic viruses and serving as natural reservoirs. (benthamopen.com)

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. (lookformedical.com)

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity. (lookformedical.com)

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)

Current vaccines are based on live attenuated viruses that control the disease but cannot differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (the so-called DIVA approach) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

ZIKV, an emerging neglected virus, was first documented in 1947 when it was isolated from a sentinel rhesus monkey stationed on a tree platform in the Zika forest, Uganda [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Flaviviruses include the West Nile virus, dengue virus, Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus, Yellow Fever Virus, and several other viruses. (wikipedia.org)

Less common strains of E. coli are able to cause disease within the GI tract, most commonly presenting as abdominal pain and diarrhea. (lecturio.com)

1 4.16.2 Clinical features Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by human exposure to saliva or nerve tissue of an animal infected with rabies virus or other lyssaviruses. (studyres.com)

These tests are crucial in pregnant animals since doing an antibody test in new calves proves futile because of shielding (maternal antibodies ingested by the calf through colostrum will bind the virus and prevent its detection using antibody-based tests. (cowcaretaker.com)

FMDV is a highly contagious virus. (wikipedia.org)
Norovirus, formerly referred to as Norwalk virus, is a very contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis. (medscape.com)

Rapidity in viral evolution becomes a big hitch in the development process of successful vaccines or antiviral. (benthamopen.com)

Applications of modern biotechniques in deciphering the genomic data at a higher pace have added voluminous information on virus biology, although there is quiet perceptive paucity on knowing the connotation of virus evolutions. (benthamopen.com)

This chapter describes basic principles of ecology and evolution for waterborne viruses, bacteria, and protozoa (and yeasts and molds to a lesser extent) of public health concern as an aid to better understand how selective forces may alter one's ability to assess the microbial quality of water. (nationalacademies.org)

Lassa, Marburg, and Ebola viruses are restricted to sub-Saharan Africa, and the differential diagnosis of VHF will most often be made for illness in travelers to this region. (cdc.gov)

The virus causes a lethal haemorraghic disease in domestic pigs. (wikipedia.org)

FMDV is a highly variable and transmissible virus. (bionity.com)

ORF2 encodes the major immunogenic protein, the virus structural capsid protein (Cap protein). (creative-biolabs.com)

Norovirus, formerly referred to as Norwalk virus, is the most common cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in the world. (medscape.com)

Many animal viruses are also important from a human medical perspective. (bionity.com)

Veterinary virology is the study of viruses in non-human animals. (wikipedia.org)
Fenner's Veterinary Virology, Fourth Edition. (wikipedia.org)

Closely related viruses are found in other areas, but their potential for causing human disease is poorly understood. (cdc.gov)
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes an economically important disease that limits productivity in small domestic ruminants and often affects the livestock of the poorest populations in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)

The virions contain a single-stranded RNA molecule in round to hexagonal capsids that are 35-39 nm in diameter, with icosahedral symmetry. (medscape.com)
PCV is an icosahedral virus with a diameter of about 17 nm that is not enveloped. (creative-biolabs.com)

OBJECTIVE: The Objective of the present study was to screen the fecal samples for BCoV collected from diarrhea from six geographic region of Iran, with the aim to deepen the knowledge of BCoV prevalence and epidemiology in Iran. (ac.ir)

In the 1970s and 1980s, typing of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) relied solely on immunologic methods involving human clinical samples as the source of antigens and antibodies. (medscape.com)

A carrier animal also spreads the virus to other animals through various excretions and secretions. (cowcaretaker.com)
Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)

It is non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA virus. (wikipedia.org)

Of these, 11 serum samples from 7 sheep herds gave positive or doubtful reactions in the CSFV antibody-specific ELISA (HerdChek, IDEXX) and were subjected to commonly used virus neutralization testing (VNT) ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)

Anatomy11

Organisms110

Diseases30

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care6

Geographicals2

Genome14

Mucosal3

Infections4

BVDV3

Hemorrhagic Fever2

Proteins9

Pathogenesis3

Species12

Replication3

Coronavirus2

Pestivirus2

Cattle8

Pestiviruses2

Infection10

Influenza4

Flavivirus1

Porcine circovirus1

Pathogens7

Proteases1

Pneumonia1

Herpesviruses1

Occurs1

Immunity1

Flaviviridae1

Diseases7

Circoviruses3

Subfamily1

Transmission3

Family11

Infectious1

Determinants1

Pathogenic1

GENES1

Antigenic1

Molecular1

Live Attenuated1

Zika1

Flaviviruses1

Abdominal1

Rabies virus1

Detection1

Contagious virus2

Antiviral1

Genomic1

Bacteria1

Ebola1

Pigs1

FMDV1

Encodes1

Gastroenteritis1

Animal viruses1

Veterinary2

Disease2

Icosahedral2

Epidemiology1

Antibodies1

Animals2

Double-stran1

Sheep1