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Semliki forest virusTogaviridae InfectionsArbovirus InfectionsAlphavirus InfectionsAlphavirusSindbis VirusCricetinaeVirus ReplicationViral InterferenceViral ProteinsRNA, ViralMembrane FusionCell LineRNA VirusesDefective VirusesTreesViral Fusion ProteinsViral Envelope ProteinsVirus CultivationReceptors, VirusVirus AssemblyVaccinia virusVirus DiseasesCapsidVesicular stomatitis Indiana virusRepliconMolecular Sequence DataGenetic VectorsMembrane Fusion ProteinsGold Sodium ThiomalateRoss River virusVirionVirus SheddingAntibodies, ViralHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationAntigens, ViralViral Structural ProteinsSimian virus 40Genes, ViralPlant VirusesCytopathogenic Effect, ViralArbovirusesPhylogenyGlycoproteinsViral Plaque AssayDNA VirusesVirulenceAedesViral Nonstructural ProteinsDibucaineAmino Acid SequenceEncephalitis, ArbovirusChikungunya virusMeasles virusNeutralization TestsVero CellsDemyelinating DiseasesInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeAntiviral AgentsHemagglutinins, ViralRabies virusInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeProtein PrecursorsLiposomesGene Expression Regulation, ViralCulture TechniquesTemperatureSpecies SpecificityCercopithecus aethiopsForestryCell MembraneThiomalatesKidneyLeporipoxvirusInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeCells, CulturedDNA, ViralViral Core ProteinsMicroscopy, ElectronHepatitis B virusTropical ClimateWest Nile virusRNA ReplicaseRespiratory Syncytial VirusesProtein BiosynthesisChick EmbryoHeLa CellsVaccines, SyntheticMonensinCulicidaeVirus ActivationEncephalomyocarditis virusSequence Analysis, DNANucleocapsidFluorescent Antibody TechniqueCysteine EndopeptidasesCell Transformation, ViralMutationPlasmidsEncephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne
AlphavirusMayaroTogaviridaeReplicon vectorGenome of approximatelyHaemagogusCHIKVSindbisVectorChikungunya virusVectorsMosquitoesIcosahedralReplicationPathogenicViralInfectionType speciesFamilyZikaPropagateAedesCapsidStructural proteinsFebrileAntibodiesGeneInfectiousRashVACCINESDiseasesSevereGenomicParticlesEpidemiologyComplexPositiveSudanProcessIllnessMainCellsBirdsFound
Alphavirus8
  • genus Alphavirus , family Toga- The Case viridae ) is a single-stranded positive RNA virus that On January 8, 2015, an 8-year-old boy was examined at was first isolated in Trinidad in 1954 ( 1 ) and is one of the the school clinic because of fever and abdominal pain. (cdc.gov)
  • Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a neglected arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) antigenically clustered into the Semliki Forest complex group of Alphavirus genus (Togaviridae family), maintained in an unclear zoonotic cycle involving mosquitoes from Haemagogus genus as the main vector. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cross-reactivity was observed with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-specific murine antibody sample but not with CHIKV-specific human and other Alphavirus murine antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • genus Alphavirus , family Togaviridae ) is a single-stranded positive RNA virus that was first isolated in Trinidad in 1954 ( 1 ) and is one of the viruses that comprise the Semliki Forest virus complex ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Since May 2014, when chikungunya virus (CHIKV) swept across the island of Hispaniola, researchers at the University of Florida (Gainesville, FL, USA) have studied alphavirus and flavivirus transmission in Haiti in collaboration with the Christianville Foundation. (blogspot.com)
  • CHIKV is a small (60 - 70 nm) spherical enveloped virus with single- stranded positive sense RNA molecule and belongs to the genus Alphavirus, which included more than 30 species of arthropod borne viruses [1], and the family Togaviridae (Figure 1). (actascientific.com)
  • In this study, we constructed a recombinant Alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon vector DREP to express EBOV GP and matrix viral protein (VP40). (frontiersin.org)
  • Sindbis viruses are enveloped, single-strand RNA viruses, belonging to the genus of Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae that has more than 30 members [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mayaro2
  • BACKGROUND: Human infections by Mayaro virus (MAYV) occur by insect bites upon exposure to rural or sylvatic areas. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is difficult to separate clinical presentations of CHIKF from other arthropod-transmitted alphaviruses like Barmah Forest virus, Ross River virus, Semliki Forest virus, O'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, Sindbis and similar viruses. (actascientific.com)
Togaviridae1
  • Diagram shows the RNA viruses/Togaviridae family viruses/Alphaviruses [Modified from 41]. (actascientific.com)
Replicon vector1
  • In addition, we have developed XJ-160 virus-based vector system, including replicon vector, defective helper (DH) plasmids and the packaging cell lines (PCLs). (biomedcentral.com)
Genome of approximately1
  • The virion consists of single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 8500 nucleotides in length and icosahedron capsid protein [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Haemagogus2
  • He had no rash and no mosquito vectors, especially those of genus Haemagogus conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Its transmission cycle is thought to occur mainly through mosquito vectors, especially those of genus Haemagogus ( 3 ), but Aedes spp. (blogspot.com)
CHIKV8
  • Since May 2014, when chikungunya virus (CHIKV) described by Santiago et al. (cdc.gov)
  • ples were obtained from 177 children who met the crite- Furthermore, no CHIKV- or Zika virus-specific amplicons ria for acute undifferentiated febrile illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Chikungunya is an infection caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). (wikipedia.org)
  • METHODS: A serological survey of MAYV and Chikunguya virus (CHIKV) antibodies was performed by ELISA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) was first detected in 1952, during a febrile outbreak on the Makonde Plateau, a border area between Mozambique and Tanzania [1]. (actascientific.com)
  • CHIKV is now included in the re-emerging virus group, particularly due to its recent expansion in the Americas. (actascientific.com)
  • By artificially expressing Sindbis virus (SINV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) nsP2 in mosquito cells and transgenic mosquitoes, we demonstrated a reduction in both SINV and CHIKV viral replication rates in cells following viral infection as well as reduced infection prevalence, viral titers, and transmission potential in mosquitoes. (bvsalud.org)
  • albopictus cell lines, reporter-based strategies for assessing the ability of two types of small RNAs to inhibit a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) derived target. (bvsalud.org)
Sindbis10
  • As a Sindbis-like virus (SINLV), XJ-160 virus was isolated from a pooled sample of Anopheles mosquitoes collected in Xinjiang, China, in 1990. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On basis of pBR-XJ160, the effects of substitutions within nonstructural protein 1 (nsP1) or nsP2 on the infectivity and pathogenesis of Sindbis virus (SINV) have been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Due to the relative difficulty and risk of handling these dangerous pathogenic alphaviruses, Sindbis virus (SINV), that normally causes a mild rash and arthritis in humans but can cause fatal encephalomyelitis in mice, has been used extensively as a model system for the study of the infectivity and pathogenesis of alphaviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sindbis virus genome is a single strand of positive-sense RNA of approximately 12 kb which is capped at the 5' terminus and polyadenylated at the 3' terminus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on the divergence of nucleotide sequencing and biological characteristics, Sindbis virus can be divided into two groups: SINV and Sindbis-like virus (SINLV) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 1990, we have reported the isolation of a Sindbis-like virus from a pool of Anopheles mosquitoes collected in Xinjiang, China during an arbovirus survey. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biological and serological studies show this virus is a new subtype of Sindbis virus firstly isolated in China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Complete sequence of the genomic RNA of XJ-160 virus contains 11626nt and shows typical genomic organization of Sindbis virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, nucleotide difference between XJ-160 virus and prototype Sindbis virus (AR339 strain) is 18%, much more than the nucleotide difference (2~7%) among the Sindbis virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, XJ-160 virus possesses some special biological characteristics, for example, we found that XJ-160 virus can be neutralized by anti-Sindbis antibody, but SINV can't be neutralized by anti-XJ-160 antibody, i.e. it has nonreciprocal serological reaction between XJ-160 virus and SINV. (biomedcentral.com)
Vector3
  • Alpha viruses are not found in the Antarctica, and they are also sensitive to temperature above 58°C. Ecological pattern and vector transmission of Alpha viruses is similar to many Flaviviruses like dengue fever virus and yellow fever virus. (actascientific.com)
  • An attractive alternative is to administer transient gene silencing or overexpression with a plant virus-based vector. (researchsquare.com)
  • We describe the development of a new vector based on cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), a plus-strand RNA virus with its genome divided into two RNA segments, RNA1 and RNA2. (researchsquare.com)
Chikungunya virus2
  • Around 85% of people infected with Chikungunya virus experience symptoms, typically beginning with a sudden high fever above 39 °C (102 °F). The fever is soon followed by severe muscle and joint pain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chikungunya fever, a re-emerging viral disease affecting both old and new world countries is caused by Chikungunya virus, an RNA virus belonging to Alphaviridae. (actascientific.com)
Vectors4
  • Ticks are ectoparasites spread worldwide and are well known as vectors of many viruses of great importance to human and animal health. (bvsalud.org)
  • albopictus are the main vectors of mosquito-borne viruses of medical and veterinary significance. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, existing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and/or overexpression vectors suitable for soybean have various drawbacks that hinder their widespread adoption. (researchsquare.com)
  • In April 2016, a deputy director at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warned that the risk of Zika virus infection in the United States may have been previously underestimated, citing the increased range of the mosquito vectors (now in 30 US states, up from 12 as previously thought) and the travel risks associated with the 2016 Olympics in Brazil. (medscape.com)
Mosquitoes3
  • Viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes are an increasingly important global cause of disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sialokinin is unique within the insect world as having a vertebrate-like tachykinin sequence and is absent from Anopheles mosquitoes, which are incompetent for most arthropod-borne viruses, whose saliva was not proviral and did not induce similar vascular permeability. (bvsalud.org)
  • The CDC has released a map of potential Zika virus spread in the United States based on the estimated range of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. (medscape.com)
Icosahedral1
  • The virus resembles other known flavivirus structures with the exception of approximately 10 amino acids surrounding the Asn154 glycosylation site in each of the 180 envelope glycoproteins comprising the icosahedral shell, the carbohydrate moiety of which may be the attachment site of the virus to host cells. (medscape.com)
Replication4
Pathogenic2
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
  • Multiple viruses, including pathogenic viruses, bacteriophages, and even plant viruses, cause a phenomenon termed superinfection exclusion whereby a currently infected cell is resistant to secondary infection by the same or a closely related virus. (bvsalud.org)
Viral2
  • Our study sheds light on the viral diversity of Rhipicephalus microplus in South America, and also expands the biogeography of tick viruses that were previously described only in Asia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an important agent of viral hepatitis worldwide, can cause severe courses of infection in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. (mdpi.com)
Infection9
  • It is believed most people become immune after a single infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infection of the vertebrate host with these viruses is enhanced by mosquito saliva, a complex mixture of salivary-gland-derived factors and microbiota. (bvsalud.org)
  • Instead, the Aedes gene product sialokinin mediated the enhancement of virus infection through a rapid reduction in endothelial barrier integrity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting sialokinin have the potential to limit disease severity following infection with Aedes-mosquito-borne viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • In most cases, Zika virus infection causes a mild, self-limited illness. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Owing to the mild nature of the disease, more than 80% of Zika virus infection cases likely go unnoticed. (medscape.com)
  • Zika virus infection is among the nationally notifiable diseases in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • State and local health departments should be informed by healthcare professionals of suspected cases of Zika virus infection to facilitate diagnosis and to reduce the risk of local transmission. (medscape.com)
  • The global prevalence of Zika virus infection has not been widely reported owing to asymptomatic clinical course, clinical resemblance to other infection with other flaviviruses (dengue, chikungunya), and difficulty in confirming diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Type species1
  • The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
Family2
  • Our study revealed the presence of viruses that had not been previously described in the region, including lihan tick virus (Phenuiviridae family) and wuhan tick virus 2 (Chuviridae family), as well as expands the biogeography of jingmen tick virus (Flaviviridae family) in Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
  • A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Zika9
  • The clinical presentation can mimic that of chikungunya, previously isolated from members of this school cohort dengue, and Zika virus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The clinical presentation can mimic that of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika virus infections. (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus and enterovirus D68 have been previously isolated from members of this school cohort ( 7 , 8 ). (blogspot.com)
  • [ 2 ] The spectrum of Zika virus disease overlaps with other that of arboviral infections, but rash (maculopapular and likely immune-mediated) typically predominates. (medscape.com)
  • Zika virus was first described in a febrile rhesus monkey in the Zika forest of Entebbe, Uganda, and was reported in a human field worker shortly thereafter. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Currently, Zika virus is known to be widely distributed outside of Africa. (medscape.com)
  • For the latest information concerning Zika virus, see also Medscape's Zika Virus Resource Center. (medscape.com)
  • Zika virus is well-adapted to grow in various hosts, ranging from arthropods to vertebrates. (medscape.com)
  • Sirohi et al described the structure of mature Zika virus based on cryoelectron microscopy. (medscape.com)
Propagate1
  • As a result, FZ constructs destined for soybean can be first delivered to N. benthamiana in order to propagate the modified viruses to high titers. (researchsquare.com)
Aedes1
Capsid2
  • However, the acid stability of virus capsid is greatly required for the maintenance of intact virion during the process of virus culture and vaccine production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virus capsid is assembled by 60 copies of each of four structure proteins (VP1-4) in a stepwise process [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Structural proteins1
  • In infected cells, the virion structural proteins are translated from a subgenomic mRNA (26S RNA) and produced by transcription of genome-length complementary (minus) strand from a highly active subgenomic promoter [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Febrile1
  • We isolated this virus from a child cultured by using cell lines and conditions as previously with acute febrile illness in rural Haiti, confirming its role as a cause of mosquitoborne illness in the Caribbean region. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies1
  • Diagnosis is by either testing the blood for the virus's RNA or antibodies to the virus. (wikipedia.org)
Gene2
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an alternative functional genomics tool for soybean because it does not involve the generation of inheritable changes. (researchsquare.com)
Infectious3
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • Recombinant plasmid pBR-XJ160 is an infectious full-length cDNA clone of XJ-160 virus, from which rescued virus BR-XJ160 can be obtained by transcription in vitro and transfection. (biomedcentral.com)
Rash1
  • Similar to other SINVs, XJ-160 virus causes fever, rash, and arthritis in humans but causes an age-dependent encephalitis in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
VACCINES1
  • The study of pH stability of FMDV not only contributes to the exploration of molecule and mechanism information for FMDV uncoating, but also enlightens the development of FMDV vaccines, including the traditionally inactivated vaccines and the new VLP (virus-like particle) vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Diseases2
Severe1
  • Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans, and no approved therapeutics or vaccine is currently available. (frontiersin.org)
Genomic1
  • We described the genomic and phylogenetic characterization of these viruses. (bvsalud.org)
Particles2
  • Glycoprotein (GP) is the major protective antigen of EBOV, and can generate virus-like particles (VLPs) by co-expression with matrix protein (VP40). (frontiersin.org)
  • The expelling of virus particles from the body. (lookformedical.com)
Epidemiology1
  • Along with the treatment part a review of the biology and epidemiology of the virus is also included. (actascientific.com)
Complex1
Positive1
  • The genome is composed of a positive single-stranded RNA of 11.5 kb in length, which contains two genes that encode four nonstructural (nsP1 to nsP4) and five structural (C, E3, E2, 6K, and E1) proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Sudan1
  • There are five species of EBOV, including Zaire virus (ZEBOV), Sudan virus (SEBOV), Taï Forest virus (TEBOV), Bundibugyo virus (BEBOV), and Reston virus (REBOV). (frontiersin.org)
Process1
  • Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
Illness1
  • The notion that rubella wasonly a mild illness of children was dispelled in 1941, whenNorman Gregg, an Australian ophthalmic surgeon, reportedthe devastating teratogenic effects of the virus (47). (vdocuments.net)
Main1
  • Here we provide an update of main development in the field concerned with XJ-160 virus. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells1
  • The BR-XJ160 virus raised in BHK-21 cells was indistinguishable from the XJ-160 virus in its biological properties, including its plaque morphology, growth kinetics and suckling mouse neurovirulence. (biomedcentral.com)
Birds1
  • The virus may circulate within a number of animals including birds and rodents. (wikipedia.org)
Found1