• Enveloped viruses have, in their lipid bilayer, an impermeable barrier between their genomes and the outside environment, reducing the need for continuity of any protein layer. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The new viruses, which have positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes, were provisionally named "ageratum virus 1" (AgV1) and "ageratum virus 2" (AgV2). (bvsalud.org)
  • Plant viruses contain single-stranded or double-stranded RNA or DNA genomes and vary substantially in their genome structure and organization. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • It has a length of 1,168 nucleotides and consists of a single gene that encodes a capsid protein (CP). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV-RPV) encodes a P0 protein that functions as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR). (bvsalud.org)
  • As in satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV), the SMWLMV virion is 17 nm in diameter, but the capsid protein has limited sequence homology with the corresponding proteins of STNV viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The shell of a nonenveloped virus with even a very small genome must therefore contain a large number of identical protein subunits-at least 60, if the coat-protein gene is to use up less than 25% of the coding capacity in the enclosed nucleic acid. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Plant viruses were historically viewed as non-PAMP coding pathogens and plant antiviral immunity was previously excluded from classical PTI models. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • SMWLMV has a genome consisting of linear single-stranded RNA of positive polarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the structure of any virus particle, a central constraint is that the information needed to specify its macromolecular components must not exhaust the genetic capacity of the packaged genome. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • In this study, inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana plants with a potato virus X (PVX)-based vector carrying the SCYLV P0 gene induced typical mosaic, leaf rolling symptoms and was associated with a hypersensitive-like response (HLR) necrosis symptom, which is accompanied with a systemic burst of H2O2 and also leads to higher PVX viral genome accumulation levels. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two new RNA viruses were identified in Ageratum conyzoides in China using high-throughput sequencing, and their genome sequences were determined using PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. (bvsalud.org)
  • AgV1 has a genome of 3,526 nucleotides with three open reading frames (ORFs) and shares 49.9% nucleotide sequence identity with the complete genome of Ethiopian tobacco bushy top virus (genus Umbravirus, family Tombusviridae). (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on their genome organization, sequence, and phylogenetic relationships, AgV1 is proposed to be a new umbra-like virus of the family Tombusviridae, and AgV2 is proposed to be a new member of the genus Enamovirus of the family Solemoviridae. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, limited viral genome sizes and coding capacities have resulted in evolution of multifunctional proteins that are involved in different steps in the virus life cycle, including replication, movement, encapsidation and transmission. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The last decade has been marked by two eminent discoveries that have changed our perception of the virology field: The discovery of giant viruses and a distinct new class of viral agents that parasitize their viral factories, the virophages. (mdpi.com)
  • A P247S amino acid residue substitution in P0 increased CYDV-RPV replication after expression in agroinfiltrated plant leaves and increased viral pathogenicity of P0 generated from the heterologous Potato virus X expression vector system. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the first viral Avr factor and antiviral R genes were identified in 1984 [ 22 ] and 1994 [ 23 ] , increasingly diverse Avr factors and R proteins have been characterized in different virus-plant combinations. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first time we have reported the host proteins interacting with the P0 virulence factor encoded by sugarcane yellow leaf virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proteins encoded by AgV2 exhibited the highest amino acid sequence similarity (31.7-75.0% identity) to the corresponding proteins of pepper enamovirus R1 (an unclassified enamovirus) and citrus vein enation virus (genus Enamovirus). (bvsalud.org)
  • However, in some plant species or varieties, virus-encoded proteins can sometimes act as determinants in plant defense responses and as host-controlled pawns to elicit extreme resistance (ER). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • It only infects maize which is infected by Maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV) of genus Aureusvirus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genus name, Aumaivirus, is a combination of Aureusvirus (the name of the helper virus) and maize, the host plant of the only species of the genus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV), a member of the genus Polerovirus in the family Luteoviridae, causes severe damage and represents a great threat to sugarcane cultivation and sugar industry development. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, the isolation of virophages has led us to discover previously unknown features displayed by their host viruses and cells. (mdpi.com)
  • On the other hand, as obligate intracellular parasites, plant viruses absolutely depend on the host cell machinery to multiply, move throughout the plant and spread to susceptible hosts. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Satellite maize white line mosaic virus, Satellite virus of maize white line mosaic virus, SMWLMV, SV-MWLMV) is a plant satellite virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expasy ViralZone Family Groups-The Baltimore Method Mart Krupovic: Plant Satellite Viruses (Albetovirus, Aumaivirus, Papanivirus, Virtovirus) (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • This increase in the body of data on virophage not only revealed the diversity of the virophage group, but also the relevant ecological impact of these small viruses and their potential role in the dynamics of the microbial network. (mdpi.com)
  • Methods for preserving viruses and other macromolecular assemblies by rapid freezing to liquid nitrogen or liquid helium temperatures have permitted visualization of electron-scattering contrast from the structures in the particle itself and not just from the cast created by a surrounding layer of negative stain. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The most critical distinction, from a structural perspective, is between enveloped viruses-those with lipid-bilayer membranes-and nonenveloped viruses-those without such membranes. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Viruses can be critical players in pathogenesis through direct or indirect interactions. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Virus particles are carriers of genetic material from one cell to another. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Electron microscopy is the most direct way to determine the general morphology of a virus particle. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • There is a clear preference for RNAs encompassing this loop sequence, as measured by the yield of T=1 capsids, which is indifferent to sequences within the stem. (nih.gov)
  • Two new RNA viruses were identified in Ageratum conyzoides in China using high-throughput sequencing, and their genome sequences were determined using PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, comparison of the P0 sequences of CYDV-RPV isolates and mutational analysis identified a single C-terminal amino acid that influenced P0 RNA-silencing suppressor activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • AgV1 has a genome of 3,526 nucleotides with three open reading frames (ORFs) and shares 49.9% nucleotide sequence identity with the complete genome of Ethiopian tobacco bushy top virus (genus Umbravirus, family Tombusviridae). (bvsalud.org)
  • Proteins encoded by AgV2 exhibited the highest amino acid sequence similarity (31.7-75.0% identity) to the corresponding proteins of pepper enamovirus R1 (an unclassified enamovirus) and citrus vein enation virus (genus Enamovirus). (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on their genome organization, sequence, and phylogenetic relationships, AgV1 is proposed to be a new umbra-like virus of the family Tombusviridae, and AgV2 is proposed to be a new member of the genus Enamovirus of the family Solemoviridae. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is a conserved mechanism that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a signal to trigger sequence-specific degradation of homologous mRNA. (scirp.org)
  • It is involved in regulating developmental processes, endogenous gene expression and also as a defense against viruses, transposons and foreign nucleic acids. (scirp.org)
  • RNAi can be used to engineer resistance in plants against viruses. (scirp.org)
  • The B3-containing virus-like particle has been crystallised and its structure was determined to 2.3Å. (nih.gov)
  • The RNA transcribed from such a transgene hybridizes with itself to form a hairpin structure comprising a single-stranded loop region, encoded by the spacer region/intron, and a base-paired stem encoded by the inverted repeats, which mimics the dsRNA structure that induces RNAi. (scirp.org)