• Though it may benefit caterpillars to intake more plant compounds that can help produce defensive chemicals (depending on the plant), this process can be costly and energy intensive for caterpillars. (wikipedia.org)
  • As polyphagous larvae, this process of detoxification and toxin sequestration can be especially costly if their physiology has to support detoxification processes for different types of plants and compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • This implies the mushroom found these compounds advantageous and worthy of transfer to other species. (tripsitter.com)
  • These plant contain high levels of iridoid glycosides, which help caterpillars produce defensive chemicals. (wikipedia.org)
  • These trophic levels are not binary, but form a gradient that includes complete autotrophs, which obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants), which are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants and fungi have been making chemicals intoxicating to humans since long before there was anything resembling a "human. (tripsitter.com)
  • They are aposematic, meaning their colorations serve to deter predators from attacking. (wikipedia.org)
  • They likely serve a similar purpose for the cannabis plant. (tripsitter.com)
  • This species was formerly a member of the genus Parasemia, but was moved to Arctia along with the other species of the genera Acerbia, Pararctia, Parasemia, Platarctia, and Platyprepia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adults like to spend time close to lupine stands, which are meadows of plants from the genus Lupinus. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is estimated that over 250 annual and perennial species of this genus Lupinus are distributed throughout both montane and lowland habitats, with hugely diverse regions found in North and South America. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genus Syringa , belonging to the Oleaceae family, consists of more than 40 plant species worldwide, of which 22 species, including 18 endemic species, are found in China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among all the iridoids reported in this genus, secoiridoids are the most abundant and have been shown to have antitumor activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At present, 22 species are found in China, of which 18 are endemic species that are mainly distributed in the southwestern part of Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, and other Northwestern regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These trophic levels are not binary, but form a gradient that includes complete autotrophs, which obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants), which are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants belonging to the family Oleaceae, which consists of 27 genera and 400 species worldwide, have important applications in the daily life of people living in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plants of many well-known genera, including Forsythia , Syringa , and Osmanthus , have been widely used for medicinal and industrial purposes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Species with similar ecological niches must segregate along one or more niche axes in order to coexist. (mdpi.com)
  • A 2015 study showed that the iridoid glycosides present in plantain-eating larvae is sufficient to deter both ants and parasitoids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Iridoids are extensively present in almost all Syringa species and have antitumor, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antifungal activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a polyphagous species, the life history traits of P. plantaginis depend on its habitat and diet. (wikipedia.org)
  • The base or basal species in a food web are those species without prey and can include autotrophs or saprophytic detritivores (i.e., the community of decomposers in soil, biofilms, and periphyton). (wikipedia.org)
  • Most Syringa plants are deciduous shrubs and arbors and include more than 40 species distributed around Europe and Asia [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A two-year study of populations of P. plantaginis throughout the Alpine regions of Italy, Austria and Switzerland indicated a single whole population. (wikipedia.org)