Microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) by forensic geneticists and in genetic genealogy, or as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) by plant geneticists. (wikipedia.org)
Short tandem repeats (STRs), or microsatellites, are 1-6 base pair (bp) motifs of repeating units of DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Single nucleotide1
citation needed] Unlike point mutations, which affect only a single nucleotide, microsatellite mutations lead to the gain or loss of an entire repeat unit, and sometimes two or more repeats simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
STRs1
Some of these tools are designed to detect STR expansions at disease-related loci, while others detect expansions and contractions of STRs genome-wide but are constrained by sequencing read length and the STR motif size. (biomedcentral.com)
Loci2
Thus, the mutation rate at microsatellite loci is expected to differ from other mutation rates, such as base substitution rates. (wikipedia.org)
The mutation rate at microsatellite loci depends on the repeat motif sequence, the number of repeated motif units and the purity of the canonical repeated sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations1
Other microsatellites are located in regulatory flanking or intronic regions of genes, or directly in codons of genes - microsatellite mutations in such cases can lead to phenotypic changes and diseases, notably in triplet expansion diseases such as fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Genome3
Microsatellites occur at thousands of locations within an organism's genome. (wikipedia.org)
Microsatellites are distributed throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
The human genome for example contains 50,000-100,000 dinucleotide microsatellites, and lesser numbers of tri-, tetra- and pentanucleotide microsatellites. (wikipedia.org)
Longer2
Microsatellites and their longer cousins, the minisatellites, together are classified as VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) DNA. (wikipedia.org)
1992). A microsatellite is a tract of tandemly repeated (i.e. adjacent) DNA motifs that range in length from one to six or up to ten nucleotides (the exact definition and delineation to the longer minisatellites varies from author to author), and are typically repeated 5-50 times. (wikipedia.org)
Units1
Repeat units of four and five nucleotides are referred to as tetra- and pentanucleotide motifs, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Base1
A microsatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from one to six or more base pairs) are repeated, typically 5-50 times. (wikipedia.org)
Large1
The increasing availability of DNA amplification by PCR at the beginning of the 1990s triggered a large number of studies using the amplification of microsatellites as genetic markers for forensic medicine, for paternity testing, and for positional cloning to find the gene underlying a trait or disease. (wikipedia.org)
Human genome2
The human genome for example contains 50,000-100,000 dinucleotide microsatellites, and lesser numbers of tri-, tetra- and pentanucleotide microsatellites. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we searched the human genome reference sequence and annotated exons (exome) for the presence of uninterrupted triplet repeat tracts composed of six or more repeated units. (nih.gov)
SSRs3
Microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) by forensic geneticists and in genetic genealogy, or as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) by plant geneticists. (wikipedia.org)
Different molecular characterization approaches have been used simultaneously in eucalypts, however, microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) with their prolific characteristics could occupy a special niche in Eucalyptus genetic improvement. (springeropen.com)
One of the most frequently used DNA markers in eucalypts since 1996 are microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) (Byrne et al. (springeropen.com)
Sequence6
For example, the sequence TATATATATA is a dinucleotide microsatellite, and GTCGTCGTCGTCGTC is a trinucleotide microsatellite (with A being Adenine, G Guanine, C Cytosine, and T Thymine). (wikipedia.org)
Together, this sequence represents 280 Mbp (roughly 1% of the loblolly pine genome) and one of the most comprehensive studies of repetitive elements and genes in a gymnosperm species. (plos.org)
Over 60% of the repetitive sequence consists of full or partial LTR (long terminal repeat) retrotransposons. (plos.org)
In this study, expressed sequence tag (EST)-based simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed from 40,362 Jerusalem artichoke ESTs retrieved from the NCBI database. (geneticsmr.com)
The markers most commonly used are simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers. (geneticsmr.com)
We show that mutagenesis of the N-terminal KRIT1 NPXY amino acid sequence, a motif critical for ICAP-1 binding to beta1 integrin molecules, completely abrogates the KRIT1/ICAP-1 interaction. (nih.gov)
Triplet1
Other microsatellites are located in regulatory flanking or intronic regions of genes, or directly in codons of genes - microsatellite mutations in such cases can lead to phenotypic changes and diseases, notably in triplet expansion diseases such as fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Sequences3
Among 23,691 non-redundant identified ESTs, 1949 SSR motifs harboring 2 to 6 nucleotides with varied repeat motifs were discovered from 1676 assembled sequences. (geneticsmr.com)
Seventy-nine primer pairs were generated from EST sequences harboring SSR motifs. (geneticsmr.com)
Amino acid sequences, exon-intron structure, motif details and subcellular localization pattern for all the 401 proteins are described. (bvsalud.org)
Nucleotides2
1992). A microsatellite is a tract of tandemly repeated (i.e. adjacent) DNA motifs that range in length from one to six or up to ten nucleotides (the exact definition and delineation to the longer minisatellites varies from author to author), and are typically repeated 5-50 times. (wikipedia.org)
Repeat units of four and five nucleotides are referred to as tetra- and pentanucleotide motifs, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Species2
Most eukaryotes have microsatellites, with the notable exception of some yeast species. (wikipedia.org)
Our results indicate that these newly characterized EST-SSR markers may be useful in the exploration of genetic diversity and range expansion of the Jerusalem artichoke, and in cross-species application for the genus Helianthus . (geneticsmr.com)
Tracts1
Surprisingly, many groups of genes that contain TNR types coding for different homo-amino acid tracts associate with the same transcription-related GO categories. (nih.gov)
Amino1
Other expanded repeats can be translated into proteins containing a pathogenic stretch of repeated amino acids by a novel mechanism called repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation [ 12 ], and these proteins could contain compositionally biased amino acids. (biomedcentral.com)
Polymorphic2
Although the first microsatellite was characterised in 1984 at the University of Leicester by Weller, Jeffreys and colleagues as a polymorphic GGAT repeat in the human myoglobin gene, the term "microsatellite" was introduced later, in 1989, by Litt and Luty. (wikipedia.org)
To evaluate the origin and time since spreading of the 999del5 mutation in Iceland and in Finland, we constructed haplotypes with polymorphic markers within and flanking the BRCA2 gene in a set of 18 Icelandic and 10 Finnish 999del5 breast cancer families. (nih.gov)
Markers2
The increasing availability of DNA amplification by PCR at the beginning of the 1990s triggered a large number of studies using the amplification of microsatellites as genetic markers for forensic medicine, for paternity testing, and for positional cloning to find the gene underlying a trait or disease. (wikipedia.org)
Trinucleotide repeats (TNRs) are of interest in genetics because they are used as markers for tracing genotype-phenotype relations and because they are directly involved in numerous human genetic diseases. (nih.gov)
Simultaneously1
citation needed] Unlike point mutations, which affect only a single nucleotide, microsatellite mutations lead to the gain or loss of an entire repeat unit, and sometimes two or more repeats simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
Levels and patterns of genetic diversity and the range expansion of Jerusalem artichoke remain largely unknown. (geneticsmr.com)
Progressively more numbers of microsatellites are being linked to genes associated with adaptive and functional variations, therefore making their utility broader in genetic applications. (springeropen.com)
Similar studies in eucalypts may provide new insights into the genetic architecture of transcript-level variations and post transcriptional gene regulation. (springeropen.com)
This review on eucalypts microsatellites, highlights the availability and characteristics of genomic and eSSRs and their potential in genetic analysis of natural and breeding populations and also discusses the future prospects in population genetics and marker assisted selection. (springeropen.com)
Regulation1
The result is that CpGs are relatively rare unless there is selective pressure to keep them or a region is not methylated for some other reason, perhaps having to do with the regulation of gene expression. (ucsc.edu)
Repetitive2
A microsatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from one to six or more base pairs) are repeated, typically 5-50 times. (wikipedia.org)
Telomeres consist of repetitive DNA, with the hexanucleotide repeat motif TTAGGG in vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis2
The importance of microsatellites for plant genome analysis has been highlighted on several occasions (Varshney et al. (springeropen.com)
Using transcriptomic analysis, a total of 5238 differentially expressed genes were identified between the Cd treatment and control group. (bvsalud.org)
Regions1
The unmasked version of the track displays potential CpG islands that exist in repeat regions and would otherwise not be visible in the repeat masked version. (ucsc.edu)
Genomes1
The custom designed repeat masking libraries generated for each of these genomes, which will be of extensive use for the researchers worldwide, are also provided in this paper. (bvsalud.org)
High2
Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. (plos.org)
Increased ploidy level and individual repeats in high copy number are common in angiosperms but are rarely seen in gymnosperms [4] , [5] . (plos.org)
Found1
Moreover, we found that 54 genes were responsible for inorganic ion transport. (bvsalud.org)
Results1
This is the first study on the MATE genes in mangroves and the results provide comprehensive information on the molecular mechanisms enabling the survival of mangroves under hostile conditions. (bvsalud.org)
Groups1
Microsatellites are also used in population genetics to measure levels of relatedness between subspecies, groups and individuals. (wikipedia.org)
Function1
All above gene encoding transporters showed significant Cd transport activities using function assay in yeast cells. (bvsalud.org)