For example, it has been discovered that the supernumerary chromosome of the pea pathogen Haematonectria haematococca carries genes that are important to the disease-causing capacity of the fungus. (wikipedia.org)
The wheat-infecting fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici contains 8 dispensable B-chromosomes, which is the largest number of dispensable chromosomes observed in fungi. (wikipedia.org)
The major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans possesses a diploid genome, but responds to growth in challenging environments by employing chromosome aneuploidy as an adaptation mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is part of the normal microbial community of the digestive tract and genitalia of humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Take-all disease, caused by the fungal root pathogen Gaeumannomyces tritici, is considered to be the most important root disease of wheat worldwide. (grassroots.tools)
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is the principal cause of superficial and systemic candidiasis in human and animals. (scialert.net)
Oilseed rape residues are a crucial determinant of stem canker epidemiology, as they support the sexual reproduction of the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans . (biorxiv.org)
The role of the microbiota in the plant's response to a disease or in the pathogenicity of a fungal pathogen is currently being studied in various pathosystems, but remains poorly understood. (biorxiv.org)
Her lab applies mass spectrometry-based proteomics to investigate host-pathogen interactions with a focus on One Health approaches to overcoming fungal disease. (hupo.org)
They exposed the pupae to Nosema , a common fungal pathogen that targets the bees' gut. (oregonstate.edu)
Genome4
C. albicans normally possesses a diploid genome organized in eight pairs of chromosomes, but uses reversible loss or gain of an entire chromosome or a large part of chromosomes to survive in toxic environments that would otherwise kill cells or prevent their propagation [reviewed in 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In fungal and oomycete plant pathogens, besides modulating genome size (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
When a HEG is integrated into its recognition sequence in the genome, its protein product acts to cleave its cognate site on the homologous chromosome and gene conversion or homologous recombination can result in a new copy of the HEG being inserted. (plos.org)
Globally, bread wheat production is threatened by fungal diseases, including the devastating disease Septoria tritici blotch (STB). (grassroots.tools)
Gene9
Transcription of a protein-coding gene on B chromosomes of the Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus). (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, analysis showed that while expression of many genes on the monosomic Ch5 is altered in accordance with the chromosome ploidy, expression of a large fraction of genes is increased to the normal diploid level, presumably compensating for gene dose. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results are consistent with a model wherein chromosome-wide elevation of H4 acetylation mediated by the NuA4 complex plays a role in increasing gene expression in compensation for gene dose and adaption to growth in a toxic environment. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations led us to propose that in C. albicans , transcriptional compensation for gene dose serves to facilitate the formation and maintenance of aneuploid chromosome states that are required for survival in adverse environments [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
derived Sr gene, Sr61 (previously designated SrB ), was identified in South African wheat accession W3757, which carries a 6Ae#3 (6D) chromosome substitution 16 . (nature.com)
Previous analyses revealed that TE-mediated gene amplifications can have variable effects on fungal genomes, from inactivation of function to production of multiple active copies. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly, a change in tomato fruit shape from round to elongate was initiated by a retrotransposon-mediated gene duplication of the SUN locus. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, HEG gene drive could be particularly effective if activity was restricted to the male germline to target genes required for female fertility/viability or engineered to destroy the X-chromosome by cutting at multiple X-specific sites [5] , [6] . (plos.org)
Fungal community structure differed between the two lines at harvest, but not subsequently, suggesting that the presence/absence of the resistance gene influences the microbiome at the base of the stem whilst the plant is alive, but that this does not necessarily lead to differential colonisation of the residues by fungi. (biorxiv.org)
Resistance5
The loss of one Ch5 also confers laboratory resistance to the anti-fungal flucytosine, as well as resistance to toxic sugar l -sorbose, which kills C. albicans in a manner similar to caspofungin or other frontline drugs from the echinocandin class [reviewed in 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In light of data pointing to the importance of Ch5 in C. albicans drug resistance, there is a growing need to better understand the control of Ch5 ploidy and regulation of genes on this chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)
Resistance in W3757 was located on chromosome 6Ae#3, making it possible that Sr26 and Sr61 are alleles or related paralogues 18 . (nature.com)
However, fluconazole is a fungistatic agent that has contributed considerably to the increase in fungal resistance and frequent relapses in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. (bvsalud.org)
Resistance to wheat rusts identified in wheat/ Amblyopyrum muticum chromosome. (grassroots.tools)
Bacterial2
Direct interactions with other members of the community involved many fungal and bacterial ASVs (amplicon sequence variants). (biorxiv.org)
Bacterial cells have a prokaryotic nucleus, whereas human, fungal, protozoan, and helminth cells have a eukaryotic nucleus. (doctorlib.info)
Genes3
Supernumerary chromosomes do not carry genes that are necessary for basic fungal growth but may have some functional significance. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we isolate from wheat, Sr26 and Sr61 , with both genes independently introduced as alien chromosome introgressions from tall wheat grass ( Thinopyrum ponticum ). (nature.com)
TE-rich genomic islands in expanded fungal ( P. fijiensis , L. maculans ) and oomycete ( Phytophthora infestans ) genomes carry genes that code for lineage-specific, putative small, secreted proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Wheat1
Common bunt, caused by two fungal species, Tilletia caries and Tilletia laevis , is one of the most potentially destructive diseases of wheat. (mdpi.com)
Species4
In addition to the normal karyotype, wild populations of many animal, plant, and fungi species contain B chromosomes (also known as supernumerary, accessory, (conditionally-)dispensable, or lineage-specific chromosomes). (wikipedia.org)
By definition, these chromosomes are not essential for the life of a species, and are lacking in some (usually most) of the individuals. (wikipedia.org)
Different isolates of the same species often have a different chromosome number, with some of these additional chromosomes being unnecessary for normal growth in culture. (wikipedia.org)
Species concepts criteria for fungal delimitation. (frontiersin.org)
Infections1
the spectrum of activity of anidulafungin includes candida and aspergillus, the two main etiological agents causing invasive fungal infections. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Isolates2
2005). Different types of electrophoretic techniques have been used for the characterization or typing of C. albicans isolates including separation of chromosomes, DNA fragments, isoenzymes, cell wall glycoproteins and whole cell proteins (Asakura et al . (scialert.net)
Seventeen fresh C. albicans , originated from infected human (7 isolates) and animals (10 isolates), were obtained from Fungal Collection of Mycology Research Center, University of Tehran between April and November, 2007. (scialert.net)
Phenotype1
In addition to monosomy of Ch5, this mutant acquired duplication of a chimeric Ch4/7b, resulting in trisomy of this chromosome (Fig. 1 a), and facilitating the Sou + phenotype [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Environments1
The extra chromosomes are known as conditionally dispensable, or supernumerary, because they are dispensable for certain situations, but may confer a selective advantage under different environments. (wikipedia.org)
Approaches3
In this review we discuss these major challenges and describe methodological approaches that show promise for resolving ambiguity in fungal taxonomy by improving discrimination of genetic and functional traits. (frontiersin.org)
Beyond recent advances in genomic and phenomic methods, bioinformatics tools and modeling approaches enable researchers to test hypothesis and expand our knowledge of fungal biodiversity. (frontiersin.org)
Looking to the future, the pairing of integrative taxonomy approaches with multi-locus genomic sequencing and phenomic techniques, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, holds great potential to resolve many unknowns in fungal taxonomic classification. (frontiersin.org)
Toxic1
For example, we have shown that C. albicans adapts to growth on the toxic sugar l -sorbose by transitioning to a state in which one chromosome (chromosome 5, Ch5) becomes monosomic. (biomedcentral.com)
Common2
Chromosome polymorphisms are very common among fungi. (wikipedia.org)
Common manifestations include a papulovesicular eruption with vesicles on the hands and feet secondary to a fungal infection (dermatophytid). (medscape.com)
Cells3
Developing an efficient and safe antifungal is challenging because of the similar biological properties of fungal and host cells. (bvsalud.org)
Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) has been employed to analyze the constituents of soluble extracts obtained from intact fungal cells and those of isolated cell walls. (scialert.net)
1) The eukaryotic cell has a true nucleus with multiple chromosomes surrounded by a nuclear membrane and uses a mitotic apparatus to ensure equal allocation of the chromosomes to progeny cells. (doctorlib.info)
Cell wall1
anidulafungin is a new echinocandin that acts by inhibiting (1,3)-beta-d-glucan synthesis in the fungal cell wall. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Comparative analyses revealed that a similar event occurred in five additional genomes representing the fungal genera Cercospora , Pseudocercospora and Sphaerulina . (biomedcentral.com)
Studies1
Similarly, genetic and molecular studies have provided detailed. (grassroots.tools)
Show1
These data show a significant chromosome-wide elevation in histone H4 acetylation on the mCh5, but not on any other chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)
Normal2
The evolutionary origin of supernumerary chromosomes is obscure, but presumably, they must have been derived from heterochromatic segments of normal chromosomes in the remote past. (wikipedia.org)
Similarly, B chromosomes of the cichlid fish Haplochromis latifasciatus also have been shown to arise from rearrangements of normal A chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Sometimes the last or middle letters of the lines, or all of them, are similarly arranged to spell words, etc., whence a distinction of single, double, or triple acrostics . (wordinfo.info)