AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
GlycerolGlycerol KinaseGlycerophosphatesGlycerolphosphate DehydrogenaseDihydroxyacetoneGlyceridesSugar Alcohol DehydrogenasesGlycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (NAD+)AquaporinsMonoglyceridesCryoprotective AgentsPropylene GlycolLipolysisGlucoseDihydroxyacetone PhosphateEthylene GlycolAquaporin 3KineticsGlyceryl EthersPropylene GlycolsGlyceraldehydeGluconeogenesisFatty Acids, NonesterifiedCarbon IsotopesPhosphotransferasesDecanoatesCulture MediaGlycerol-3-Phosphate O-AcyltransferaseOsmotic PressurePropaneFatty AcidsFermentationPropanediol DehydrataseTeichoic AcidsEscherichia coliWaterFreezingSugar AlcoholsPhospholipidsChromatography, PaperChromatography, Thin LayerTriglyceridesTemperatureLipid MobilizationAcetatesLauratesLactic AcidCarbohydrate MetabolismAdipose TissueSemen PreservationLactatesGlycolsMolecular Sequence DataGluconobacterSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCobamidesPhosphatidylglycerolsOsmolar ConcentrationClostridium butyricumAnaerobiosisLiverSucroseEthylene Glycols
EstersPhospholipidsComposed of triglycerides-thrGlucoseFermentationFatty acid chainsHydrolysisUptakeHydrolyzeSubstrateHygroscopicBackboneOverexpressionTypicallyTriglyceridesEsterMoleculeAlcoholsAdditionallyYeastMiceHydrationFindingsConcentrationsNaturallyMutantsSynapticGlycerineDoseLiquidCarbonAmountsInsulinOralMarkersProductionTissueEffectProductsStrainProteinsStructurePlasmaResultsAdministrationWaterChemicalHumanHighlySamplesPatientsContentProfiles
Esters6
Phospholipids2
  • Triglycerides and most phospholipids consist of glycerol and fatty acid chains. (jove.com)
  • Phospholipases typically hydrolyze glycerol phospholipids, but loss of iPLA2-VIA does not affect the phospholipid composition of brain tissue but rather causes an elevation in ceramides. (nih.gov)
Composed of triglycerides-thr1
Glucose4
  • Alveolar cells were incubated in the presence or absence of CCl4 at concentrations up to 10 microliters/milliliter (microl/ml) for 1 hour, and incubated with radiolabeled choline, palmitic-acid, glycerol, or glucose as substrate for 2 to 4 hours. (cdc.gov)
  • CCl4 at 5microl/ml also inhibited incorporation of labeled glycerol and glucose into surfactant phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. (cdc.gov)
  • A high efficiency aromatic compounds production capability was detected in JM101 carrying pJLB aroG fbr tktA , when growing on glycerol, as compared to glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The toxicological profile for systemic endpoints is expected to be similar for target substance Sophorolipids: fermentation products of glucose and fatty acids, C18-unsatd. (europa.eu)
Fermentation5
  • Glycerol production by fermenting yeast cells is essential for optimal bread dough fermentation. (omicsdi.org)
  • When faced with osmotic stress, for example during semi-solid state bread dough fermentation, yeast cells produce and accumulate glycerol in order to prevent dehydration by balancing the intracellular osmolarity with that of the environment. (omicsdi.org)
  • We investigated the effect of yeast glycerol production level on bread dough fermentation capacity of a commercial bakery strain and a laboratory strain. (omicsdi.org)
  • We find that ?gpd1 mutants that show decreased glycerol production show impaired dough fermentation. (omicsdi.org)
  • Together, our results reveal the crucial role of glycerol production level by fermenting yeast cells in dough fermentation efficiency as well as gas retention in dough, thereby opening up new routes for the selection of improved commercial bakery yeasts. (omicsdi.org)
Fatty acid chains1
  • Triglycerides are lipid compounds composed of a glycerol esterified to 3 fatty acid chains of varying length and composition. (medscape.com)
Hydrolysis3
  • The short form is expressed in adipose tissue where it in concert with two other lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), is involved in the hydrolysis triacylglycerols to free fatty acids and (FFAs) and glycerol. (novonordisk.com)
  • Fatty acid glycerides have a common metabolic fate that involves stepwise hydrolysis to the carboxylic acid and glycerol. (europa.eu)
  • While the study was inconclusive, the incomplete hydrolysis of glycerol phenylbutyrate cannot be ruled out. (clustermed.info)
Uptake1
Hydrolyze1
  • Elimination Metabolism Upon oral administration, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze RAVICTI (i.e., glycerol phenylbutyrate), and release PBA. (clustermed.info)
Substrate1
  • M2SI and Monod could give a similar interpretation for a pure and simple substrate. (iwaponline.com)
Hygroscopic1
  • Glycerol alters the hygroscopic property of gelatin and its permeability to water vapour. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Backbone1
  • Upon oral ingestion, PBA is released from the glycerol backbone in the gastrointestinal tract by lipases. (clustermed.info)
Overexpression4
  • The overexpression of several carbon scavenging, acetate metabolism genes and the absence of acetate accumulation occurred in JM101 cultures growing on glycerol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of metabolic genes, in particular the overexpression of pykA pckA, gltA fumABC sdh mdh and acnA genes and the downregulation of the ackA gene, has been reported for E. coli growing on glycerol [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteomic and enzymatic assay studies, in which cells were grown on a complete medium (Luria broth) plus glycerol, reported overexpression of the fbp gene and at lower levels aceBA operon [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similar defects are observed upon loss of vps26 or vps35 or overexpression of α-synuclein, indicating that these defects may be common in Parkinson disease. (nih.gov)
Typically2
  • Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar. (wikipedia.org)
  • In sports glycerol is typically used in high doses in combination with excess fluid in order to increase total body water. (wada-ama.org)
Triglycerides1
  • Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol. (wikipedia.org)
Ester2
Molecule1
Alcohols1
  • This patent described the alcoholysis (often referred to as transesterification) of vegetable oils using ethanol (and mentions methanol) in order to separate the fatty acids from the glycerol by replacing the glycerol with short linear alcohols. (solarnavigator.net)
Additionally1
Yeast1
Mice1
  • A similar effect pattern is seen in overnight-fasted mice. (novonordisk.com)
Hydration1
  • It is also used as hydration powder in exercise formulas Glycerol monostearate exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate. (wikipedia.org)
Findings2
  • The findings for oral discomfort and pain and speech problems showed a similar pattern. (uib.no)
  • These findings were similar in both age groups. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations7
  • Therefore it is necessary to establish threshold values for urinary glycerol concentrations because glycerol may also be of endogenous origin or may be taken up from other exogenous sources. (wada-ama.org)
  • However, glycerol plasma concentrations can also be elevated during fasting and endurance exercise. (wada-ama.org)
  • For the development of urinary threshold levels we intend to perform a) application studies of glycerol at rest and during exercise, b) to assess urinary glycerol excretion due to fasting and exercise and c) to determine reference values for urinary glycerol concentrations in normal doping control samples. (wada-ama.org)
  • There was a rapid increase in urinary glycerol and maximum concentrations (50000-60000 µg/mL) were observed 2.5 to 4 h after the administration. (wada-ama.org)
  • After 18 h of food deprivation followed by 90 minutes of endurance exercise, highly elevated plasma glycerol concentrations were observed but urinary glycerol concentrations were only slightly increased (maximum concentration: 50.5 µg/mL). (wada-ama.org)
  • In 516 randomly selected routine doping control samples, it was confirmed that urinary concentrations are slightly higher in in-competition than in out-of-competition samples, but in all samples urinary glycerol concentrations remained below 200 µg/mL. (wada-ama.org)
  • Both Glycerol and DMSO presented similar behaviors, however with DMSO at concentrations of 12.5 and 25%, a greater number of parasites / mL was observed in the months evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
Naturally3
  • Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring fatty acid widely utilized in food, cosmetics, and homeopathic supplements. (nature.com)
  • Glycerol monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The addition of copper sulfate to this formulation significantly decreased the odor of a chemical similar to a compound naturally released by the decomposition of cat urine. (usda.gov)
Mutants1
  • Both deletion mutants exhibit similar oligomeric size and increased chaperone-like activity. (nih.gov)
Synaptic1
  • Here we used two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology to compare the actions of CBD with those of the major central endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) on human recombinant GABAA receptors (synaptic α1-6βg2 and extrasynaptic α4β2δ) expressed on Xenopus oocytes. (researchgate.net)
Glycerine2
  • Glycerol Gelatin or glycerine jelly medium is an aqueous slide mounting media, used for mounting samples in microscopy and histology. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Vegetable glycerin is also called glycerol or glycerine. (ezeewebsolutions.com)
Dose2
  • In order to contribute to the development of urinary threshold levels for the misuse of glycerol, two placebo-controlled application studies (glycerol dose: 1 g/kg body weight) were performed at rest and in combination with exercise. (wada-ama.org)
  • An oral dose of 25 mg/kg and above gives rise to solid inhibition of HSL (drop in plasma glycerol) in the fasted rat. (novonordisk.com)
Liquid2
Carbon3
  • To explain these results it is proposed that in addition to the glycolytic metabolism, a gluconeogenic carbon recycling process that involves acetate is occurring simultaneously in this strain when growing on glycerol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Carbon flux from glycerol can be efficiently redirected in JM101 strain into the aromatic pathway using appropriate tools. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, studies on the carbon stress response of E. coli growing only on an energy-poor carbon source such as glycerol are scarce. (biomedcentral.com)
Amounts2
  • 2008) can be used to identify athletes, who have misused glycerol in relevant amounts. (wada-ama.org)
  • Similar experiments were conducted involving the same device for injection of 100%, 50% and 25% glycerol-water mixtures with trace amounts of rhodamine. (spie.org)
Insulin1
  • We examined the effect of three months of rosiglitazone treatment (4 mg b.i.d.) on whole-body insulin sensitivity and in vivo peripheral adipocyte insulin sensitivity as assessed by glycerol release in microdialysis from subcutaneous fat during a two-step (20 and 120 mU · m −2 · min −1 ) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in nine type 2 diabetic subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
Oral2
  • Oral and intravenous application of glycerol is prohibited. (wada-ama.org)
  • Compared to vehicle dosing, oral dosing of NNC0076-0079 in doses ≥ 30 mg/kg lowers circulating glycerol levels 30-75% relative to pre-dosing levels in the overnight fasted rat without access to food during the experiment. (novonordisk.com)
Markers1
  • The antilipolytic effects of NNC0076-0079 were evaluated in plasma samples collected 15 min - 5 hours after treatment using the biochemical markers glycerol and FFA. (novonordisk.com)
Production3
  • However, increased glycerol production also results in decreased CO2 production, which may reduce dough leavening. (omicsdi.org)
  • PTS not only transports specific sugars but also in the absence of its substrates, stimulates, through adenylate cyclase (Cya), the production of c AMP which in turn activates the transcription of many c AMP-CRP dependent catabolic genes, including those involved in glycerol utilization [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Co-expression of additional EMP enzymes, fructose bisphosphate aldolase (Fba) and triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi), with Pfk I did not enable EMP flux, and resulted in production of glycerol as a side product. (frontiersin.org)
Tissue1
  • Pulp stem cells (PSCs) are able to form ectopic dentin in vitro and in vivo and also to generate a dentine-pulp complex composed of a mineralized matrix, with dentinal tubules that are aligned and filled with odontoblastic prolongations, containing vascularized pulp tissue, in a similar arrangement to that observed in natural dental structures 3,6 . (bvsalud.org)
Effect4
  • In this model, the glycerol lowering effect of NNC0076-0079 lasts for ≥ 3 hours. (novonordisk.com)
  • Inactivation of rpoS had an important effect on stoichiometric parameters and growth adaptation on glycerol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the three products, glycerol provided the best relief from xerostomia directly after application, but had no effect after 2 h. (uib.no)
  • Despite its poor effect after 2 h, patients preferred glycerol over Salient and Aequasyal, probably because of the unpleasant taste of Aequasyal and the consistency and mode of application of Salient. (uib.no)
Products1
Strain3
  • A study of Escherichia coli physiology during growth on glycerol was performed combining transcriptional-proteomic analysis as well as kinetic and stoichiometric evaluations in the strain JM101 and certain derivatives with important inactivated genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In agreement, no acetate was detected when growing on glycerol, this strain was also capable of glycerol and acetate coutilization when growing in mineral media and derivatives carrying inactivated poxB or pckA genes, accumulated acetate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tryptophanase A (TnaA) was synthesized at high levels and indole was produced by this enzyme, in strain JM101 growing on glycerol. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins2
  • by similarity, to similar proteins with structure having catalytic activity. (nih.gov)
  • Glycerol density gradient centrifugation and dynamic light scattering studies show that the multimeric size of the mutant proteins is significantly reduced, indicating a role for this motif in higher order organization of the subunits. (nih.gov)
Structure1
  • Oil produced from algae is very similar in structure to oil derived from plants and vegetables such as soy, palm, and rapeseed. (cellana.com)
Plasma3
  • Plasma volume expansion (+1.5 to 3%) and the reduction in hemoglobin (-0.2 to -0.3 g/dL) and haematocrit (-1%) after glycerol administration were rather small when compared to the administration of placebo and statistically significant only after 2.5 h. (wada-ama.org)
  • In healthy subjects, intact glycerol phenylbutyrate was detected in plasma. (clustermed.info)
  • Intact glycerol phenylbutyrate was not detectable in plasma in patients with UCDs. (clustermed.info)
Results2
  • Similar results were obtained for incorporation of palmitate and glycerol. (cdc.gov)
  • Our data indicates that clients can expect very similar results with both freezing methods. (transova.com)
Administration2
  • The urinary excretion of glycerol following administration has not been studied systematically at rest and during exercise. (wada-ama.org)
  • Directly after glycerol administration, δ13C-values were similar to the isotope ratio of the administered glycerol. (wada-ama.org)
Water1
Chemical2
  • Structural similarities of the category substances are reflected in similar physico-chemical properties and mode of action. (europa.eu)
  • 1 In idiopathic TN, chemical neurolysis with glycerol, radiofrequency ablation, or balloon rhizotomy of the gasserian ganglion are the preferred treatment choices over MVD. (asra.com)
Human1
  • PLA2_group_III_like: A sub-family of Phospholipase A2, similar to human group III PLA2. (nih.gov)
Highly1
  • The aim of this study is to investigate the feasability of using a needle-free injection gun to inject highly viscous glycerol into porcine skin for the purpose of optical skin clearing. (spie.org)
Samples1
  • Samples taken the day after the injury continued to show marked differences between patients with severe TBI and controls, metabolite profiles similar to those seen in the samples obtained at patient presentation. (medscape.com)
Patients1
  • Patients with COPD and CHF seem to experience similar symptoms. (dovepress.com)
Content1
  • The glycerol content was higher in the white wines fermented with Saccharomyces than in those fermented with Torulaspora. (boku.ac.at)
Profiles1
  • The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. (georganics.sk)