AdultMethodsSerumAlbino ratsToxicityDoseSubcutaneousOrallyNeuronsMethamphetaminePupsUrine of ratsRandomly dividedExperimentMiceAdipocytesGestationInjectionPost-exposureConcentrationsTissueVivoActive compoundsFindingsMalesLungSalineSpinalNrf2Oxidative stressMesentericReproductiveExperimentsReductionStudyDegenerationFemaleModelConsumptionControlExposureGlutathione peroxidaseExtractMeasured in maleResultsDaysTreatmentUterineEffectsStudiesKidneyBodyAnimalsMethodSingle
Adult6
- Angiogenesis was induced in the mesenteric test tissue in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by i.p. injection of VEGF-A, which is a key angiogenic factor in most tumors. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Pharmacokinetics of propafenone (PPF) enantiomers were investigated in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats after iv, po, and ip administration of a single 10 mg/kg dose of the racemate. (aspetjournals.org)
- In adult male rats, spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) motoneurons shrink after castration and are restored in size after androgen treatment. (jneurosci.org)
- has shown that within rats mosaic for wild-type and defective androgen receptors, only those SNB motoneurons with functional androgen receptors responded to adult androgen treatment with an increase in soma size. (jneurosci.org)
- Using a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure, we found that removal of PNNs primarily from the prelimbic region of the mPFC of adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats impaired the acquisition and reconsolidation of a cocaine-induced CPP memory. (jneurosci.org)
- The effect of chronic oral exposure to arsenic at the dose of 4 microg/ml for 28 days was evaluated on adult female albino rats. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods2
Serum4
- The ST segment and serum troponin T levels were significantly increased in IMI rats. (hindawi.com)
- The only statistically significant difference between the serum data from control and orally dosed rats was observed for SDH (0 mg/kg/day = 5±2 IU/l, 150 mg/kg/day = 8±2 IU/l, 500 mg/kg/day = 9±7 IU/l). (europa.eu)
- Additionally, adenine significantly increased serum creatinine and BUN levels besides proteinuria levels, and also reduced creatinine clearance. (bvsalud.org)
- Moreover, serum TNF-α, epididymal adipocyte's NOD-like receptor protein 3, NLRP3, NF-κB and CD68 expressions markedly escalated, and serum IL-10 significantly declined. (bvsalud.org)
Albino rats2
- This report evaluates the effect and mode of action of chronic oral arsenic exposure on the uterine physiology of mature female albino rats. (biomedcentral.com)
- meats, biological trials were conducted on Albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley albino rats. (who.int)
Toxicity2
- Toxicological studies Acute toxicity studies Acute toxicity studies with technical metiram have been performed in the rat and mouse, the results of which are summarized in Table 1. (inchem.org)
- In developmental and reproductive toxicity studies in rats, h/day, 5 days/week). (cdc.gov)
Dose12
- EROD activities in the lung generally increased with increasing dose and were significantly greater in all treated groups of males and females compared to their respective vehicle controls. (nih.gov)
- TCAB concentrations were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in all tissues from dosed groups relative to vehicle controls. (nih.gov)
- Results The rats showed significant decreases in body weight depending on the 2BP dose. (sjweh.fi)
- The amount of hemoglobin, the mean platelet volume, the number of white blood cells, and the number of lymphocytes decreased significantly with the high dose, while the number of granulocytes and monocytes had a tendency to decrease depending on the dose of 2BP. (sjweh.fi)
- XDE-795 (97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Sprague-Dawley rats (30/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 and 100 mg/kg/day, 7 days/week for 2 generations. (fluoridealert.org)
- Comparatively, absorption was greater and excretion more rapid in rats treated with 0.5 mg of 14 C-ETU/kg bw, where 96% of the dose was excreted in the urine and only 4.2% in the faeces within 3 days post-dosing. (inchem.org)
- 1985). Absorption was studied in male CD rats treated dermally on their shaved backs with 14 C metiram at dose levels of 0.24 or 240 mg/kg bw equal to 0.004 or 4 mg/cm 2 , respectively. (inchem.org)
- The majority of the administered dose was recovered from the treated skin of the rats. (inchem.org)
- 1984). Biotransformation Rats Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the urine of rats treated with 14 C-metiram as single oral doses of 5 or 50 mg/kg bw, and a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg bw of a 15 N-metiram and 14 C-metiram suspension (1:1 ratio), revealed eight principal radioactive components. (inchem.org)
- The proportion of radioactive components in the bile of rats treated with a single oral dose of 14 C metiram at 10 mg/kg bw as separated by TLC were similar to those obtained in the urine. (inchem.org)
- At the beginning of the experiment, rats received a one-time subcutaneous dose of MCT (60 mg/kg) or saline. (umsystem.edu)
- Neither low-dose (10 ng/kg/min) nor high-dose (150 ng/kg/min) treprostinil therapy attenuated elevations of RVSP and right ventricular hypertrophy in pulmonary hypertensive rats. (umsystem.edu)
Subcutaneous3
- Subcutaneous (3 U/kg) or intracisternal (0.3 or 1 U/kg) administration of BoNT-A significantly inhibited the formalin-induced nociceptive response in the second phase. (kyobobook.co.kr)
- Both subcutaneous (1 or 3 U/kg) and intracisternal (0.3 or 1 U/kg) injection of BoNT-A increased the latency of head withdrawal response in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-treated rats. (kyobobook.co.kr)
- Subcutaneous (3 U/kg) or intracisternal (1 U/kg) administration of BoNT-A significantly reduced the number of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons in the NMDA-treated rats. (kyobobook.co.kr)
Orally2
- In each arm of the study, ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally at a level of 25 mg/Kg CBD, and over the next 120 minutes multiple measurements were made of delivery into the bloodstream and tissues comparing the DehydraTECH formulations to certain controls. (biospace.com)
- For the vivo, both F. vulgare essential oil and you will anethole orally given into the an effective subacute cures to help you rats (30 milligrams/kg/go out for 5 months) showed tall antithrombotic hobby preventing the paralysis caused by the collagen-epinephrine intravenous injections (70% and you may 83% cover, resp. (weissenstein.ee)
Neurons5
- The voltage gated Na channels Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 were found to be selectively up-regulated in rat DRG neurons treated with GM-CSF, which resulted in enhanced excitability. (iasp-pain.org)
- Accordingly, targeted knocking down of either Nav1.7-1.9 or Jak2/Stat3 in DRG neurons in vivo alleviated the hyperalgesia in male Sprague-Dawley rats. (iasp-pain.org)
- Activity of these neurons is significantly modulated by GABAergic, parvalbumin-containing, fast-spiking interneurons, the majority of which are enveloped by specialized structures of extracellular matrix called perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are integral to the maintenance of many types of plasticity. (jneurosci.org)
- We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)
- We found that 48-72 hours after cardiac arrest, thalamocortical neurons demonstrate significantly elevated firing rates both during spontaneous activity and in response to whisker deflections. (cdc.gov)
Methamphetamine3
- Neonatal exposure to methamphetamine (MA) and developmental chronic stress significantly alter neurodevelopmental profiles that show a variety of long-term physiological and behavioral effects. (scite.ai)
- Silencing IGFBP5 with small interfering RNA significantly reduced apoptosis and suppressed the expression of caspase3 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes following treatment with methamphetamine. (genscript.com)
- IGFBP5 expression was up-regulated in the striatum of methamphetamine exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats. (genscript.com)
Pups2
- Developmental effects have been observed following pre-gestational, gestational, and lactational exposure of rat and rabbit dams or post-weaning exposure of rat pups to atrazine. (cdc.gov)
- PNFlx treatment evoked a significant decline in PNN number, with a robust reduction in PNNs deposited around parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, within the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subfields at postnatal day (P)21 in Sprague Dawley rat pups. (scite.ai)
Urine of rats1
- Only negligible amounts of the enantiomers were excreted unchanged into the urine of rats, suggesting that elimination of PPF in rats, as in humans, is almost entirely dependent on its metabolism. (aspetjournals.org)
Randomly divided2
- Forty-five rats were randomly divided into nine groups ( n = 5 per group): the control, the IMI, the IMI + propranolol, the control or the IMI + PN formula (PN ethanolic extract at doses of 64, 127, or 255 mg/kg) by oroesophageal gavage for 28 days. (hindawi.com)
- Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into non-prediabetic group (NPD) and pre-diabetic group (PD) (n=6, per group) over a 20-week induction period and a further 12-week experimental period to get 32 weeks. (researchsquare.com)
Experiment3
- In the current experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to one of two housing conditions along with MA. (scite.ai)
- control, cyclophosphamide, cyclophosphamide+cinnamaldehyde (90 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide+adipoRon (25 mg/kg), rats treated with cinnamaldehyde and adipoRon for 10 days and on the 7th day of the experiment, rats were given a single I.P. injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg). (bvsalud.org)
- The rats were then put on stock diet for 7 from the local market and dried in a hot days prior to the experiment. (who.int)
Mice3
- Male and female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1 mice were administered TCAB (at least 97.8% pure) in corn oil:acetone (99:1) by gavage for 3 months (rats only) or 2 years. (nih.gov)
- The SD decellularization protocol was also successful for porcine and murine (mice and rat) lungs as well as for other tissues such as the heart, kidney, and bladder. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
- Oral, 90- and decrements in fetal/pup body weights following exposures to day exposures of rats and mice to NMP result in decrements in NMP vapor. (cdc.gov)
Adipocytes5
- We examined the effects of Lancemaside A and aglycon, its acid hydrolysis product from Lancemaside A, isolated from Codonopsis lanceolata water extract on triglyceride and free fatty acid in primary cultured adipocytes from obese rats fed high calorie high fat diet. (thieme-connect.com)
- Preferential activation of microsomal diacylglycerol/protein kinase C signaling during glucose treatment (De Novo phospholipid synthesis) of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
- Glucose has been reported to increase the de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) and translocate and activate protein kinase C (PKC) in rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
- Glucose rapidly increased DAG content and PKC enzyme activity in microsomes, but not in plasma membranes or other membranes, during a 30-min treatment of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
- Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in both the epididymal adipocytes and soleus muscle significantly escalated, while the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and epididymal adipocyte Nrf2 expression significantly declined. (bvsalud.org)
Gestation2
- Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed (parental, F1, and F2 generations) from gestation day 0 of the parental generation to postnatal day (PND) 6 of the F2 generation to a realistically proportioned mixture of THMs and HAAs at 0, 500×, 1,000×, or 2,000× of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). (europa.eu)
- Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River Laboratories, Raleigh, NC) were obtained on gestation day (GD) 0. (europa.eu)
Injection1
- Although cocaine injection significantly increased locomotor activity, HT7 acupuncture suppressed the cocaine‐induced locomotion. (researchgate.net)
Post-exposure1
- In this study, we investigated the fibrogenic responses induced by CeO(2) in a rat model at various time points up to 84 days post-exposure. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations2
- One particular petroleum and you may anethole (a component off petroleum) off F. vulgare, examined in vitro inside rat aorta having or without endothelium, displayed similar No-independent vasorelaxant hobby on antiplatelet concentrations. (weissenstein.ee)
- The POD and human PBPK model were then used genic effects were not observed in rats after long-term to estimate the human equivalent concentrations (HECs) that exposures to NMP via inhalation or the diet. (cdc.gov)
Tissue3
- PN did not eliminate tissue necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, or interstitial edema in IMI rats. (hindawi.com)
- To explore potential mechanisms, we employed the transgenic TG(mRen2)27 (Ren-2) hypertensive rat, which harbors the mouse renin transgene and exhibits elevated tissue ANG II levels, and skeletal muscle cell culture. (biosyn.com)
- Whole-body autoradiography of these rats confirmed the results of the quantitative tissue distributions. (inchem.org)
Vivo1
- Compared with Sprague-Dawley normtensive control rats, Ren-2 skeletal muscle exhibited significantly increased oxidative stress, NF-ĸB activation, and TNF-α expression, which were attenuated by in vivo treatment with an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker (valsartan) or SOD/catalase mimetic (tempol). (biosyn.com)
Active compounds2
- For instance, the administration of isoproterenol (ISO), a β ‐adrenergic receptor agonist, was used to mimic the characteristics of MI in rats to study the effectiveness of medicinal plants or active compounds in disease intervention [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Sixty one plants reputed to have anti-fertility activity were tested on female Sprague-Dawley rats, in order to isolate active compounds with a potential for use in human fertility regulation. (who.int)
Findings2
- These study findings add significantly to Lexaria's body of evidence demonstrating the ability of its DehydraTECH technology to be engineered to enhance the delivery of lipophilic active ingredients such as CBD across a range of uptake levels, whereby higher delivery level targets may be most applicable to pharmaceutical dosage forms and lower delivery level targets more suited to consumer packaged goods. (biospace.com)
- KEY FINDINGS: Adenine produced marked reduction in rats' body weights and a substantial increase in kidney/body weight index. (bvsalud.org)
Males6
- Terminal mean body weights of males were not significantly different from vehicle controls in any group. (nih.gov)
- At the end of the 3-month study, absolute and relative liver weights were significantly greater than those of the vehicle controls in all dosed groups of males and in females administered 10 mg/kg or greater. (nih.gov)
- Absolute and relative lung weights were significantly greater in 100 mg/kg males and 3 mg/kg or greater females. (nih.gov)
- Absolute and relative right kidney and spleen weights were generally significantly greater for all dosed groups of males. (nih.gov)
- Absolute thymus weights of 10 mg/kg or greater males and absolute and relative thymus weights of 1 mg/kg or greater females were significantly less than those of the vehicle controls. (nih.gov)
- Sixty-day-old Sprague Dawley males were castrated and implanted with SILASTIC capsules containing testosterone (T) or nothing, and osmotic minipumps continuously infusing MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, or saline. (jneurosci.org)
Lung3
- Collectively, our studies show that CeO(2) induced fibrotic lung injury in rats, suggesting it may cause potential health effects. (cdc.gov)
- Role of insulin like growth factor axis in the bleomycin induced lung injury in rats. (genscript.com)
- Additionally, we found that treprostinil attenuated the induction of PPAR-[gamma] protein levels in whole lung homogenates of MCT-exposed rats. (umsystem.edu)
Saline1
- Rats were given 0 (saline), 5, or 7.5 mg/kg MA, four times per day from postnatal day (P)11 to 15 or P11 to 20. (scite.ai)
Spinal3
- The rat spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) in the lower lumbar spinal cord is a sexually dimorphic group of motoneurons that innervates the bulbocavernosus and levator ani muscles (BC/LA) attached to the base of the penis ( Breedlove and Arnold, 1981 ). (jneurosci.org)
- This study was designed to investigate any correlation between the mechanism of pain development and changes of histochemically-reactive zinc contents in the rat spinal cords following peripheal nerve ligation. (koreamed.org)
- The density of zinc was significantly decreased in zinc concentration in the dorsal horn of 4th, 5th and 6th lumbar segments at 5 and 10 days after the spinal nerve ligation. (koreamed.org)
Nrf22
- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and HO-1 expression significantly increased in IMI rats and IMI rats that received PN. (hindawi.com)
- Our study reveals a novel cardioprotective effect of PN in IMI rats through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. (hindawi.com)
Oxidative stress2
- Moreover, the ISO-induced myocardial changes were the result of an increase in oxidative stress through reductions of the components of the myocardial antioxidant system, including glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, in rat hearts [ 3 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Moreover, cinnamaldehyde and adipoRon reversed cardio-renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis as they have significantly decreased 8-OHdG levels, MDA contents, NF-κB, TNF-α and caspase-3 expression. (bvsalud.org)
Mesenteric2
- We have recently reported that certain chemotherapeutics, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), may in fact stimulate angiogenesis in the tumor-free rat mesenteric window assay. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The purpose of the present study as to evaluate the effect of changes in intravascular pressure and the inflammatory mediator bradykinin on rat mesenteric arterial and venous vascular permeability. (bvsalud.org)
Reproductive1
- In the reproductive performance cohort, total F2 mean litter size on PND 0 was also significantly decreased compared to the control group. (nih.gov)
Experiments1
- The experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats. (kyobobook.co.kr)
Reduction1
- 0.05) dilation of the left ventricle, and reduction in ejection fraction compared to sham operated rats ( n = 4) on 7 T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. (frontiersin.org)
Study8
- We conducted this study to characterize the episcleral vessel cauterization glaucoma model in the rat with respect to decreased retrograde axoplasmic flow and subsequent apoptotic RGC death. (nih.gov)
- All male and female rats survived to the end of the study. (nih.gov)
- This study investigated the cardioprotective effects of PN formula on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (IMI) in Sprague-Dawley rats. (hindawi.com)
- The results of our study indicate that, in rats, pharmacokinetics of PPF are stereoselective and that the route of administration affects the degree of this stereoselectivity. (aspetjournals.org)
- The objective of the present study was to characterize the potential for 2H4MBP to adversely affect any phase of development, maturation, and ability to reproduce in Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats administered 2H4MBP in 5K96 feed, a diet low in phytoestrogens, using the National Toxicology Program (NTP) modified one-generation (MOG) study design. (nih.gov)
- Male Sprague-Dawley rats (270 ~290 g) were used for this study. (koreamed.org)
- This study investigated the activity of the HPA axis in selected markers of glucose handling, and the stress response relative to components of the HPA axis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. (researchsquare.com)
- The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effects of treprostinil on right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy and vascular remodeling in a rat model of MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension. (umsystem.edu)
Degeneration2
- ISO-treated rats exhibited myocardial cell swelling, myocardial degeneration, loss of myofibrils, and diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells [ 1 , 2 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Together, the results indicate that arsenic disrupted the circulating levels of gonadotropins and estradiol, led to degeneration of luminal epithelial, stromal and myometrial cells of the rat uterus and downregulated the downstream components of the estrogen signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Female3
- groups of 10 male and 10 female rats received the corn oil:acetone vehicle alone. (nih.gov)
- Female Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with bone cancer cells develop mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia but antagonizing GM-CSF in these animals significantly reduced such hypersensitivity. (iasp-pain.org)
- At 250 mg/m3, bronchioalveolar adenomas were observed in 12/77 male rats and 13/74 female rats. (who.int)
Model1
- The finding that continuously infused 5-FU is able to stimulate angiogenesis in the present rat model of angiogenesis warrants investigation of the mechanisms behind this unexpected finding. (unboundmedicine.com)
Consumption2
- Lewis rats show increased anxiety-like behaviors and drug consumption compared with Sprague-Dawley rats. (nature.com)
- Bot h sexes had significantly decreased body weights and food consumption at 200 mg/kg. (fluoridealert.org)
Control2
- Fractional reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule in glibenclamide-infused rats did not differ significantly from that in control animals, although the late proximal tubular fluid to plasma concentration ratio for potassium was reduced. (aspetjournals.org)
- Rats in a control group were able to use their hind legs normally [Control]. (ironmagazine.com)
Exposure3
- The results showed that CeO(2) exposure significantly increased fibrotic cytokine TGF-beta1 and OPN production by AM above controls. (cdc.gov)
- EE exposure did not affect F1 live litter size on PND 0, but significantly decreased mean number of corpora lutea and total F2 implants were observed. (nih.gov)
- 80 rats were exposed for two years, and all surviving rats were killed at the end of exposure. (who.int)
Glutathione peroxidase1
- A significant elevation in glutamate-aspartate transporter gene expression was seen in CrMn compared to CN, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) gene expression was significantly decreased in MnCr and CrMn groups. (uncg.edu)
Extract2
- The aqueous extract of F. vulgare showed remarkable antiulcerogenic effect against ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. (weissenstein.ee)
- It was found that pretreatment with aqueous extract significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric damage. (weissenstein.ee)
Measured in male1
- Acupuncture was applied at bilateral HT7 points for 20 s, and locomotor activity was measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats. (researchgate.net)
Results2
- These results suggest the mediation of mPFC‐LHb circuit in the inhibitory effects of acupuncture on cocaine psychomotor activity in rats. (researchgate.net)
- The hematology results indicate that TCAB induced a microcytic normochromic responsive anemia in male Sprague-Dawley rats. (nih.gov)
Days5
- The 14-days continuous infusion of 5-FU significantly stimulated angiogenesis. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Metabolite patterns were determined for kidney and liver extracts from rats treated with 14 C metiram at 5 mg/kg bw for 7 days. (inchem.org)
- Rats were then administered either treprostinil or placebo for 28-days. (umsystem.edu)
- At the end of 10 days trial, all the rats were to each diet. (who.int)
- The rats were fed the allotted killed with an overdose of chloroform and diet ad libitum for a period of 10 days. (who.int)
Treatment2
- Ten rats were assigned to each treatment group. (sjweh.fi)
- In addition, there was no attenuation of medial wall thickening when MCT-exposed rats also received treprostinil treatment. (umsystem.edu)
Uterine1
- In this method the isotonic contractions of the isolated uterine horn of the oestrogenised rat were observed in the presence of various plant extracts. (who.int)
Effects1
- The renal effects of glibenclamide were investigated using free flow micropuncture techniques in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. (aspetjournals.org)
Studies2
- In many of the studies researchers use rats whose hind legs have been temporarily disabled [HS]. (ironmagazine.com)
- Carcino- studies in rats. (cdc.gov)
Kidney1
- Relative (to bodyweight ) liver and kidney weights were significantly increased in females at 250 mg/kg. (fluoridealert.org)
Body3
- Terminal mean body weights of females administered 10 mg/kg or greater were significantly less than those of the vehicle controls. (nih.gov)
- Mean body weight gains of all dosed groups of females were significantly less than those of the vehicle controls. (nih.gov)
- Body weight was significantly reduced in the 500-mg/kg/day group. (europa.eu)
Animals2
- The alterations in Sprague-Dawley rats were accompanied by an increase in anxiety-like behavior in those animals as measured with the elevated plus maze. (nature.com)
- Animals (6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats) were administered a 60% high-fat diet for 6 weeks and adipocyte isolated from apididymal fat [1]. (thieme-connect.com)
Method1
- After episcleral vessels were cauterized in Sprague-Dawley rats, Fluorogold was injected into their superior colliculi by stereotactic method. (nih.gov)
Single1
- Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to CeO(2) by a single intratracheal instillation. (cdc.gov)