• Mutant line R3-2 exhibited a nearly 1000-fold resistance to infection by genetically marked Moloney murine leukemia virus genomes, and was resistant to pseudotyped viruses utilizing the ecotropic envelope, the amphotropic envelope, or even the VSV G envelope protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We assessed the ability of two distinct RRVs generated from amphotropic murine leukemia virus (AMLV) and gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), which infect cells via type-III sodium-dependent phosphate transporters, PiT-2 and PiT-1, respectively, to infect human gastric cancer (GC) cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on analysis of strains found in four species of monkeys from Bioko Island, which was isolated from the mainland by rising sea levels about 11,000 years ago, it has been concluded that SIV has been present in monkeys and apes for at least 32,000 years, and probably much longer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). (lookformedical.com)
  • In MKN-74 subcutaneous xenograft models, AMLV had significant antitumor effects compared with GALV. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) has been tested for years as a viral vector, a carrier of therapeutic genetic information, in the treatment of various human illnesses, including cancer. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • A new study in Japan compared GALV with a leukemia virus derived from mice to see which carrier communicated most efficiently with mesothelioma cells. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • We analyzed here, the transduction efficiency of a pDC cell line, GEN2.2, and of pDC derived from CD34+ progenitors, using lentiviral vectors (LV) pseudotyped with different envelope glycoproteins such as the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope (VSVG), the gibbon ape leukaemia virus envelope (GaLV) or the feline endogenous virus envelope (RD114). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The simian (monkey-hosted) immunodeficiency viruses are a species of retrovirus in the Primate group of genus Lentivirus along with the human viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 that cause AIDS, and a few other viruses that infect other primates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
  • Related viruses in other groups in the genus infect other mammals like sheep and goats, horses, cattle, cats and a few others. (wikipedia.org)
  • While human immunodeficiency virus has a limited number of subtypes, SIV is now known to infect a few dozen species of non-human primates, and distinct strains are often associated with each species, or with a set of closely related species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Virus strains from three of these primate species, SIVsmm in sooty mangabeys, SIVgor in gorillas and SIVcpz in chimpanzees, are believed to have crossed the species barrier into humans, resulting in HIV-2 and HIV-1 respectively, the two HIV viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a species of retrovirus that cause persistent infections in at least 45 species of non-human primates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The identities of these genes provide insights into the mechanism of virus resistance and will help to define new pathways used during retrovirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have been involved in the development of screens and selections for virus resistance genes, and have isolated mutant cell lines after chemical mutagenesis that are profoundly resistant to retrovirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genus is one of 6 genera in subfamily orthoretrovirinae which together with genus Spumavirus form family retroviridae of all RNA retroviruses (RNA viruses which use a DNA intermediate). (wikipedia.org)
  • Hepatitis A virus is a species of virus in the order Picornavirales in the family Picornaviridae and is the type species of the genus Hepatovirus . (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Hepatitis B virus , abbreviated HBV ,- is a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and the genus is classified as part of the Hepadnaviridae family. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Hepatitis E virus - is a virus of the genus Orthohepevirus , and has been reassigned into the Hepeviridae family. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Unlike HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in humans, SIV infections in their natural simian non-human hosts appear in many cases to be non-pathogenic due to evolutionary adaptation of the hosts to the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The one thing they have in common is that Hepatitis viruses can all cause hepatitis - liver inflammation - but they are not the only viruses that can do this, other example viruses that can also cause liver inflammation include cytomegalovirus , Epstein-Barr virus , yellow fever and even herpes simplex virus . (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Further studies indicated that HIV-2 is derived from the SIVsmm strain found in sooty mangabeys, whereas HIV-1, the predominant virus found in humans, is derived from SIV strains infecting chimpanzees (SIVcpz). (wikipedia.org)
  • External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • These include, but are not limited to, (1) preventing hyperacute rejection, (2) preventing acute vascular rejection, (3) facilitating immune accommodation, (4) inducing immune tolerance, (5) preventing the transmission of viruses from xenografts into humans, and (6) addressing the ethical issues surrounding animal sources for xenografts and the appropriate selection of recipients (given that xenotransplantation remains experimental). (medscape.com)
  • Genotype 1 and 2 infections have been identified exclusively in humans, whereas genotype 3 and 4 viruses have been isolated from swine, deer, mongoose, cattle, and rabbits in addition to humans. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • Extensive studies in sooty mangabeys have established that SIVsmm infection does not cause any disease in these primates, despite high levels of circulating virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have devised a method for the selection of genes from cDNA libraries that suppress the block to virus infection, and so restore virus susceptibility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protocol involves the transformation of pools of resistant cells by cDNA expression libraries, followed by the selection for rare virus-sensitive cells, using multiple rounds of selection after infection by marked viral vector genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These genes have presumably evolved and been maintained in the genome in response to the pathogenic and lethal consequences of infection, and are now thought to constitute an important part of the host defense against these viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The methods for gene isolation developed here will also permit the identification of similar suppressors that modify or override other recently identified virus resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To identify such genes, we have developed methodologies that allow for the selection of rare virus-sensitive clones arising after transfer of gene libraries into populations of virus-resistant parents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A virus that causes leukemia in gibbon apes may have the power to help fight malignant mesothelioma in people. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • Indeed, WI-38 became used worldwide for human virus vaccine manufacture, to the benefit of billions of people" (Wikipedia article on Leonard Hayflick). (historyofmedicine.com)
  • The suppressor genes were then recovered from these virus sensitive cells, and their ability to restore virus susceptibility was confirmed by reintroduction of these cDNAs into the resistant line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HeLa cells became the basis for countless significant scientific discoveries. (historyofmedicine.com)
  • He hypothesized that because WI-38 was free from contaminating viruses, it could replace the then widely used primary monkey kidney cells, which contained several dangerous contaminating viruses. (historyofmedicine.com)
  • No statistically significant radiation associations were observed among 114,270 nuclear weapons test participants followed for up to 65 years," the authors conclude. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • Among the different DC subsets, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) are well known for their ability to recognize and respond to a variety of viruses by secreting high levels of type I interferon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There was no significant difference between the two methods. (vin.com)
  • The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus requiring the presence of the HBV for the completion of its life cycle. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • While both types of viruses replicated in most of the mesothelioma cell lines tested, the mouse-derived virus was not effective in a mesothelioma cell line called ACC-MESO-1. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • Although unrelated, they do, however, often co-exist, the presence of one virus often signals the need to look for others in this group. (allaboutheaven.org)
  • 2,3 In the future, breeding giraffes in zoological gardens might be a significant step in conservation and may include artificial insemination. (vin.com)