• The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways focused on the plant hormone signal transduction and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • His research is focused on Cell surface receptors, Ligand-receptor networks, Signalling pathways and inhibition, Signal transduction, Trafficking mechanisms. (hoajonline.com)
  • Transcriptomic changes in L. dendroidea in the presence of V. madracius include the upregulation of genes that participate in signaling pathways described here for the first time as a response of seaweeds to microbes. (asm.org)
  • Somatic mutations in genes involved in oncogenic signaling pathways, including KRAS and TP53, rewire the metabolic machinery in cancer cells. (biomed.news)
  • Altered membrane events induced selective inhibition of TCR-induced phosphorylation of regulatory P85 subunit of PI3K and AKT as well as abrogated calcium influx. (nature.com)
  • The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
  • In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. (lookformedical.com)
  • Using four different cancer cell lines, we report that, at clinically relevant concentrations (100-500 nM), MitoQ selectively repressed mesenchymal pancreatic cancer cell respiration, which involved the inhibition of the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1 and a reduced expression of electron-transfer-chain complexes I to III. (biomed.news)
  • Collectively, this study indicates that the inhibition of mitochondrial redox signaling is a possible therapeutic option to inhibit the metastatic progression of pancreatic cancer. (biomed.news)
  • We found that GML potently altered order and disorder dynamics in the plasma membrane that resulted in reduced formation of LAT, PLC-γ, and AKT microclusters. (nature.com)
  • Considerable controversy arose over the concept that cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich rafts in the T cell plasma membrane serve as a platform for TCR signalling reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we review new biophysical and biochemical data which provide an updated picture of the highly dynamic nanometer-sized cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains stabilised by protein-networks to form TCR signalling platforms in the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early T cell signalling reactions are embedded in the complex and dynamic lipid bilayer matrix of the T cell plasma membrane and are critically defined by their lateral compartmentalisation in plasma membrane domains [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We will here discuss recent data which provide a detailed picture of the membrane raft characteristics of the plasma membrane domains supporting active TCR signalling protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The TCR signalling cascade is initiated by phosphorylation of critical tyrosines of the TCR/CD3 complex by the Src-family kinases Lck or Fyn which are anchored in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cytosolic ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase is recruited to the T cell plasma membrane via binding to the tyrosine phosphorylated TCR-complex [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These complexes assemble into submicron TCR signalling domains in the T cell plasma membrane which were first studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy at the contact zone of a T cell with TCR-activating glass coverslips. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Video microscopy technology resolving single molecule movement was employed to monitor the dynamic interaction of membrane-associated signalling proteins with TCR signalling clusters in plasma membrane domains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These studies tracked the movement of Lck and LAT in the T cell plasma membrane and showed retention of these proteins in the submicron TCR signalling domains and their subsequent release. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However specific lipid-mediated interactions at the T cell plasma membrane bilayer are also a central functional element in early TCR signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Numerous intracellular signalling proteins interact with plasma membrane lipids of the cytoplasmic leaflet via specific lipid headgroup-binding domains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to monitor the distribution of TCR signalling plasma membrane sites and to relate their distribution to that of clustered raft markers which show resistance to Triton X 100 detergent solubilisation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Is phenol oxidation responsible for the short term effect of boron deficiency on plasma-membrane permeability and function in squash root? (udca.edu.co)
  • Plasma membrane depolarization reveals endosomal escape incapacity of cell-penetrating peptides. (uchicago.edu)
  • The enzymatic activity is under the control of several hormones, and different polypeptides participate in the transduction of the signal from the receptor to the catalytic moiety. (wikipedia.org)
  • Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)
  • Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) provides the key signal for activation of T lymphocytes to perform their numerous effector functions in adaptive immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These interactions and their essential functional consequences for cell surface receptor signalling reactions are excellently reviewed in [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Roles for Eph receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in the formation of topographic patterns of axonal connectivity have been well established in vertebrate visual systems. (sdbonline.org)
  • METHODS: The expression levels of SMYD5 and the mitochondrial transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) were examined by Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and in colon tissues from human IBD patients and colitic mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
  • Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • This transcriptome analysis provides a valuable resource for elucidating the signaling pathway of NaCl and KCl stress and is a substantial genetic resource for discovering genes related to the NaCl and KCl stress response of M. hupehensis . (researchsquare.com)
  • Keep flux low until the cell needs a given end product of the pathway. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • GML treated T cells have decreased cellular proliferation when stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 12-acetate (PMA), concanavalin A (ConA), and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) 13 . (nature.com)
  • Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Reconstitution of eroded or injured EPITHELIUM by proliferation and migration of EPITHELIAL CELLS from below or adjacent to the damaged site. (jefferson.edu)
  • Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) stimulates proliferation and inhibits steroidogenesis by bovine theca cells: influence of follicle size on responses to GDF9. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. (lookformedical.com)
  • Specifically, we explored how somatic mutations in these genes and substrate availability (lactate, glucose, substrate deprivation) from the extracellular microenvironment affect bioenergetic parameters, including cellular ATP, NADH and mitochondrial membrane potential dynamics. (biomed.news)
  • Intriguingly, cytosolic, mitochondrial and overall cellular ATP measurements revealed that, in WT KRAS cells, TP53 deficiency leads to an enhanced ATP production in the presence of extracellular lactate and glucose, and to the greatest increase in ATP following a starvation period. (biomed.news)
  • Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase 2 conjugation enzymes mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the liver and many other tissues, and can be recovered in artificial ER membrane preparations (microsomes). (mdpi.com)
  • Enzymes act as catalysts - they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly - and they also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction, for example in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • As these molecules are vital for life, metabolic reactions either focus on making these molecules during the construction of cells and tissues, or on breaking them down and using them to obtain energy, by their digestion. (wikipedia.org)
  • The major theme will be devoted to describe and analyze the molecules of life, light microscopy, fine cell structure and function, cell membranes structure and function, cell division and staining procedures. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • His major research interest is in signalling dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, including mitochondrial and lysosomal, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Batten diseases. (hoajonline.com)
  • In this preclinical study, we hypothesized that pancreatic cancer metastasis can be prevented by inhibiting mitochondrial redox signaling with MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. (biomed.news)
  • MitoQ consequently decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial superoxide production by these cells. (biomed.news)
  • Using this procedure revealed the in vivo compartmentation of mitochondrial metabolites and will enable assessment of the distribution of metabolites between the cytosol and mitochondria during a range of situations in vivo. (biomed.news)
  • Employing cytosolic and mitochondrial FRET-based ATP probes, fluorescent NADH sensors, and the membrane-permeant cationic fluorescent probe TMRM in HCT-116 cells as a model system, we observed that TP53 deletion and KRAS mutations drive a shift in metabolic signatures enabling lactate to become an efficient metabolite to replenish both ATP and NADH following nutrient deprivation. (biomed.news)
  • Moreover, cell population measurements of mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism using a Seahorse analyzer demonstrated that WT KRAS TP53-silenced cells display an increase of the basal respiration and tightly-coupled mitochondria, in the presence of glucose as substrate, compared to TP53 competent cells. (biomed.news)
  • Furthermore, cells possessing oncogenic KRAS, independently of TP53 status, showed less pronounced mitochondrial membrane potential changes in response to metabolic nutrients. (biomed.news)
  • However, how GML treatment affects the full T cell activation response from signaling events to effector functions is not well understood. (nature.com)
  • Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Develop a biological knowledge base common to contemporary biologists, encompassing microscopy, cell structure, cellular membranes, and nucleic acids biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Use a biological knowledge base common to contemporary biologists in cellular, sub-organismic, organismic, and systems levels of biological organization. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • On the other hand, oncogenic KRAS in TP53-deficient cells reversed the alterations in cellular ATP levels. (biomed.news)
  • T cells become activated upon engagement of their TCRs by a cognate peptide-MHC ligand presented on the surface of an antigen-presenting or target cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All these reports highlighted protein-protein interactions as critical driving force of TCR signalling complex formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Octyl gallate reduces ATP levels and Ki67 expression leading HepG2 cells to cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. (harvard.edu)
  • Three dimensional modeling of biologically relevant fluid shear stress in human renal tubule cells mimics in vivo transcriptional profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • Our data reveal that the widely used anti-microbial agent GML also alters the lipid dynamics of human T cells, leading to their defective signaling and function. (nature.com)
  • Utilising fly genetics, this study generated the first Drosophila model of human wild-type and P460L mutant EphA1 and tested the effects of Eph /ephrin signalling on AD-relevant behaviour and neurophysiology. (sdbonline.org)
  • In addition, the mechanism behind how GML mediates suppressed T cell activation is completely unknown. (nature.com)
  • The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary (or intermediate) metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • This controversy was founded on the initial definition of rafts as detergent resistant membranes which later turned out to misrepresent many features of cell membrane organisation under physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Define the basis of eukaryotic cell biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Cell signalling and Trafficking emphasize current knowledge and information regarding cell response and reaction to signalling mechanisms and molecular transport system within the cell. (hoajonline.com)
  • We here set out to determine, at the single cell level, metabolic signatures in human colon cancer cells engineered to express combinations of activating KRAS gene mutations and TP53 gene deletions. (biomed.news)
  • Phenotypically, MitoQ further inhibited pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion, clonogenicity and the expression of stem cell markers. (biomed.news)
  • Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transport and membrane trafficking in cells Lundsbrunn Spa, Sweden, 7 - 9 May 2004. (edu.pl)
  • It serves as an internal transport system for moving essential substances throughout the cell, and in single-celled organisms, such as the AMOEBA, it is responsible for the movement (CELL MOVEMENT) of the entire cell. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, no studies have comprehensively examined the effects of TCR-mediated T cell activation or identified potential mechanisms for the effects of GML on TCR-mediated T cell activation. (nature.com)
  • Despite this abundance, Al is not considered an essential element and so far no experimental evidence has been put forward for a biological role. (frontiersin.org)
  • These results demonstrate a role of Eph/ephrin signalling in a range of behaviours affected in AD. (sdbonline.org)
  • Dr. Ulhas P. Naik is a Professor of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware and founding director of Delaware Cardiovascular Research Center, USA. (hoajonline.com)
  • Germ cells, which are sperm and egg cells and any precursory cells they developed from, are tasked with maintaining the genomes. (thesciencebreaker.org)
  • These cells are fundamental for maintaining the genomes across generations. (thesciencebreaker.org)
  • The analysis of detergent-resistant T cell membranes had initiated the concept that early TCR signalling steps take place in cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains of T cell plasma membranes [ 10 ] (see Box for an overview of the current perception of raft domains in cell membranes). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we have mechanistically examined if GML affects the signaling and functional output of human primary T cells. (nature.com)
  • Revisiting the Latency of Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)-How Does the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Influence Their Function? (mdpi.com)
  • To directly address these questions, we mechanistically characterized how GML affects human primary T cell activation. (nature.com)
  • To address these knowledge gaps, we treated human activated peripheral blood T cells (APBTs) with solubilized GML or ethanol vehicle control. (nature.com)
  • Cyclic AMP compartmentation due to increased cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity in transgenic mice with a cardiac-directed expression of the human adenylyl cyclase type 8 (AC8)" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Knockdown of MBP-1 in human prostate cancer cells delays cell cycle progression. (ouhsc.edu)
  • It reduced by ~50% the metastatic homing of human MIA PaCa-2 cells in the lungs of mice. (biomed.news)
  • As a consequence, TCR-induced LAT, PLC-γ, and AKT microcluster formation from aggregation of smaller nanocluster units, PI3K-AKT signaling axis, and calcium influx were potently inhibited by GML treatment. (nature.com)
  • We recently published a study in Cell that reveals that the Viking period, spanning from the late 8th to mid-11th century, saw a massive influx of people into Scandinavia. (thesciencebreaker.org)
  • Dr. Paul Robert Fisher holds the Chair in Microbiology at La Trobe University, where he leads the Microbial Cell Biology Group. (hoajonline.com)
  • Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)