We identified a total of 587 glycoproteins, including 1239 glycopeptides, 526 monosaccharide components, and 8326 intact glycopeptides in glycoproteomics, as well as a total of 4496 proteins identified in proteomic analysis. (frontiersin.org)
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins, and glycoproteins are widely involved in various important cellular biological processes and diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
O-linked found in mucous fluids, but can also be present in membrane and secretory proteins, 3 or more sugars linked by N-acetylglalactosamine (GalNAc)--connected to serine, theronine. (freezingblue.com)
Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates , however they are not considered lectins . (lookformedical.com)
PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). (lookformedical.com)
Golgi complex does not produce proteins but they modify the proteins by the addition of carbohydrates to the proteins, forming glycoproteins. (jotscroll.com)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Extracellular matrix2
Recent experiments have demonstrated the presence of sialic acid in the cancer-secreted extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
It consists of the cellular epithelium, that has an outer extracellular matrix - the cuticula - and an inner extracellular matrix - the basement membrane. (collembola.org)
Mucins2
Normally they can be found as components of oligosaccharide chains of mucins, glycoproteins and glycolipids occupying terminal, nonreducing positions of complex carbohydrates on both external and internal membrane areas where they are very exposed and develop important functions. (wikipedia.org)
Although the treatment with SAL delayed the cell growth and enhanced the propidium iodide uptake, cell death accompanied by membrane collapse was not observed. (bvsalud.org)
Lectin2
Sialic acid can "hide" mannose antigens on the surface of host cells or bacteria from mannose-binding lectin. (wikipedia.org)
Bullfrog sialic acid-binding lectin (cSBL) is a multifunctional protein that has carbohydrate-binding and ribonuclease activities. (bvsalud.org)
Acidic1
Furthermore, we observed that SAL promoted the formation of lysosome-like structures, which are LAMP1 positive but not acidic in HeLa cells, which can trap sunitinib. (bvsalud.org)
Biosynthesis2
For it to become active to enter in the oligosaccharide biosynthesis process of the cell, a monophosphate nucleoside is added, which comes from a cytidine triphosphate, turning sialic acid into cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid (CMP-sialic acid). (wikipedia.org)
A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)
Bacterial2
A bacterial enzyme with sialic acid mutarotase activity, NanM, that is able to rapidly equilibrate solutions of sialic acid to the resting equilibrium position of around 90% beta/10% alpha has been discovered. (wikipedia.org)
These enzymes can be used for chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialic acid derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a secondary metabolite of salicylic acid which has been hydrolyzed by liver enzymes during phase I metabolism. (medchemexpress.com)
Golgi5
Thus, when the glycoproteins are modified, they are transported by Golgi vesicles which bud off from one end of the Golgi bodies. (jotscroll.com)
It then put the glycoproteins and other substances that are made in the Golgi network into those vesicles. (jotscroll.com)
Amino1
More than 50 kinds of sialic acid are known, all of which can be obtained from a molecule of neuraminic acid by substituting its amino group or one of its hydroxyl groups. (wikipedia.org)
Terminal1
Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)
This enzyme uses for example a mannose derivative as a substrate, inserting three carbons from pyruvate into the resulting sialic acid structure. (wikipedia.org)
They are capable of converting tryptophan to nicotinic acid and are used extensively in genetic and enzyme research. (lookformedical.com)
L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme. (medchemexpress.com)
α-Glucosidase (α-D-Glucosidase), a carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme, catalyzes the liberation of α-glucose from the non-reducing end of the substrate. (medchemexpress.com)
Sugars2
Sialic acids are a class of alpha-keto acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone. (wikipedia.org)
Sialic acids are found widely distributed in animal tissues and related forms are found to a lesser extent in other organisms like in some micro-algae, bacteria and archaea. (wikipedia.org)
These glycoproteins are widely involved in important biological processes, such as antigen presentation, cytokine production and glycosylation progression. (frontiersin.org)
Glucosamine1
Sialic acid is synthesized by glucosamine 6 phosphate and acetyl-CoA through a transferase, resulting in N-acetylglucosamine-6-P. This becomes N-acetylmannosamine-6-P through epimerization, which reacts with phosphoenolpyruvate producing N-acetylneuraminic-9-P (sialic acid). (wikipedia.org)
However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition. (lookformedical.com)
Glycosylation1
Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
Methyl2
Docosahexaenoic acid-d 5 methyl ester is the deuterium labeled Docosahexaenoic Acid methyl ester. (medchemexpress.com)
Docosahexaenoic Acid methyl ester is a methylated docosahexaenoic acid analog which can be intercalated into membrane phospholipids without being oxidized or hydrolyzed [1][2]. (medchemexpress.com)
Hydrogen2
Since water is a polar molecule with partial positive charges on both hydrogen atoms, it is attracted to cell surfaces and membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n. (lookformedical.com)
Cell5
This overexpression of sialic acid on surfaces creates a negative charge on cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Sialic acid in the form of polysialic acid is an unusual posttranslational modification that occurs on the neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs). (wikipedia.org)
The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents. (lookformedical.com)
It is an organelle in the cell that is made up of different types of membranes. (jotscroll.com)
They usually move through the cell to the plasma membrane . (jotscroll.com)
In humans the brain has the highest sialic acid content, where these acids play an important role in neural transmission and ganglioside structure in synaptogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
The alpha-anomer is the form that is found when sialic acid is bound to glycans. (wikipedia.org)
Nature1
The sialic acid family includes many derivatives of the nine-carbon sugar neuraminic acid, but these acids rarely appear free in nature. (wikipedia.org)
Formation1
In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones. (lookformedical.com)
Animals1
In contrast to other animals, humans are genetically unable to produce the sialic acid variant N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). (wikipedia.org)