• The present experiment investigated the role of personality traits as moderators of elevation and its behavioral effects using economic games as a measure for prosocial behavior. (frontiersin.org)
  • In line with our hypotheses, experimentally induced state elevation promoted prosocial behavior, however, only within the dictator game. (frontiersin.org)
  • Also in line with our hypotheses, higher levels of Need for Cognition and higher levels of Engagement with Moral Beauty (but not higher levels of Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness vs. Anger) increased prosocial behavior within the experimental group. (frontiersin.org)
  • When people experience feelings of gratitude , they also feel more empathetic , less aggressive, and are more willing to engage in prosocial behavior. (psychologytoday.com)
  • These kinds of prosocial behaviors at work make organizations more adaptable and more attractive to current and prospective employees, thereby contributing to organizational effectiveness . (psychologytoday.com)
  • In this talk I will give an overview of the effects of violent, prosocial, and cooperative video games. (zu.de)
  • As will be shown, playing violent video games is related to increased aggression and decreased prosocial outcomes. (zu.de)
  • In contrast, playing prosocial or cooperative video games is associated with increased helping behavior and cooperation and decreased aggression. (zu.de)
  • This study evaluated whether two different psychological constructs, moral reasoning and moral competence, are associated with cooperative behavior in the context of the prisoner's dilemma game, a two-person social dilemma where individuals choose between cooperation or defection. (nature.com)
  • Our results indicate that cooperative behavior is strongly affected by the outcomes in previous rounds: Except when both participants cooperated, the probability of cooperation with other participants in subsequent rounds decreased. (nature.com)
  • These behaviors encompass a sense of cooperation and morality that has been fundamental for human social development 7 . (nature.com)
  • We use a number of different types of theoretical, mathematical and computational models to examine a few areas of insect and social behavior related to cooperation. (cornell.edu)
  • Of these male interactions, 18 were considered to be aggressive, nine were deemed as social intolerance - meaning the males kept their distance from one another but didn't clash - and 70 showed signs of cooperation, with the rest being uncategorized. (livescience.com)
  • Tit for tat behavior is seen by researchers as a precursor to cooperation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Third, undisciplined behavior is not antithetical to cooperation but can be used to cooperative ends. (bvsalud.org)
  • "The integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, speech, action, and artifacts and depends upon the human capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations" (Merriam-Webster). (dolphins.org)
  • The antidepressant citalopram ( Celexa , Forest Laboratories) reduces agitation in older patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but at the expense of increased cardiac adverse effects and mildly reduced cognition, a new randomized trial shows. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, general attitudes towards moral standards or principles are not useful to predict cooperative behavior while some specific emotions can modulate it, suggesting that simple valuation judgments do not capture adequately the response of the affect system and that held/crystallized beliefs by themselves are a weak trigger for behavior. (nature.com)
  • Not only did it allow us to demonstrate that mobbing likely increases fitness in hyenas, but it also will help us identify factors that will help predict whether this cooperative behavior will occur. (scienceblog.com)
  • By means of numerical results, we predict behavior of selfish mobile nodes. (harvard.edu)
  • One risk factor, non-marital cohabitation, has shown to predict higher rates of relationship dissolution and relationship instability in some samples, but the associations among German parents with children over time are less clear. (frontiersin.org)
  • We analyze the inadequacy of traditional deterministic reciprocity mechanisms to promote cooperative behavior with a fair distribution of the workload. (aaai.org)
  • In this paper, we analyze non-cooperative behavior of mobile nodes by using a game-theoretic model, where each player aims at maximizing its location privacy at a minimum cost. (harvard.edu)
  • I develop a non-cooperative household model to analyze the effects of the provision on spousal behavior. (aeaweb.org)
  • We then analyze the diversity multiplexing trade off (DMT) for ARQ based non cooperative communication and ARQ based opportunistic cooperative communication (OCC) over Nakagami-m channels. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Insects like ants, bees, termites and many wasps have evolved under cooperative social circumstances. (azpest.com)
  • These have generally shown that applicators have positive attitudes toward the contributions of pesticides to agricultural production. (cdc.gov)
  • Primary care providers often have an opportunity to influence their patients' attitudes and behaviors regarding the importance of oral health during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • We replicate this behavior by learning stochastic bidding policies in a semi-cooperative multi agent setting. (arxiv.org)
  • We use both theoretical models and empirical results to explore several plausible explanations for this behavior. (cornell.edu)
  • The empirical findings show that spousal behavior is consistent with this non-cooperative framework under liberalized divorce regimes and the homemaking provision is found to increase wive's performance of housework and reduce their market labor supply in unilateral divorce states. (aeaweb.org)
  • In two studies, researchers found that college students who teamed up to play violent video games later showed more cooperative behavior, and sometimes less signs of aggression, than students who played the games competitively. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We discuss how the results of these models demonstrate gaps in the current knowledge of honey bee behavior and motivate further research on queen movement patterns. (cornell.edu)
  • Health status, emotional well-being, and social cohesion are influenced by the physical, social, and cultural dimensions of the individual's or community's environment and personal attributes (e.g., behavior patterns, psychology, genetics). (cdc.gov)
  • Once we choose specific goals, our willingness to engage in the behaviors necessary to achieve these goals increases. (templeton.org)
  • A review of some of the programs has indicated that after receiving training many farmers show a greater awareness of safety issues and their use of protective gloves increases. (cdc.gov)
  • The results indicated that there are numerous benefits that can be attributed to cooperative learning such as enhancement in class participation, improvements in students' performance and achievement and more approval of tasks as well as creating better social relations among peers. (grin.com)
  • These include: positive interdependence, individual accountability, face-to-face interaction, appropriate use of collaborative skills and effective group processing, i.e. regular self-assessment of group functioning: Once cooperative learning is implemented according to these five basic criteria, it can give great results of improved work and achievement, improved behavior and attendance, increased self-confidence and feeling of responsibility which in return influences learning in a great way. (grin.com)
  • The results show that students in the experimental groups, who took part in the unplugged activities, enhanced their computational thinking skills significantly more than their peers in the control groups who did not participate during the classes, proving that the unplugged approach may be effective for the development of this ability. (researchgate.net)
  • The results of the study show that the AIHE have contributed to the agricultural sector through training high level agricultural professionals, enhancement of indigenous research capability, and generation and dissemination of technologies. (sun.ac.za)
  • Results show that social interaction changes over time, starting with solitary play and moving towards more complex social play later on. (ijdesign.org)
  • This paper shows the importance of applying inner filter correction over the entire fluorescence spectrum prior to any conclusion regarding changes in the polarity of the fluorophore microenvironment, also demonstrates the convergence of the results obtained from the treatment of fluorescence data using the area below the spectrum curve and the intensity in a single wavelength. (nature.com)
  • Recently, new theoretical approaches have shown promising results by implementing two-dipole-coupled-emitter systems. (mdpi.com)
  • The results showed that participants who played the video game cooperatively were more likely than those who competed to show cooperative tendencies in this later real-life game. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With these assumptions, the results of simulations successfully describe the biphasic behavior as well as lineage commitment. (lu.se)
  • Rather, the results show that our closest living relatives can make deals without complex language. (newscientist.com)
  • The results show that nonnative proteins are more structured and less solvent exposed than commonly believed. (lu.se)
  • These results clearly show that the trail has been successful in mobilizing trail users to be more active. (cdc.gov)
  • Mathematical models provide an ideal tool for understanding the possible behaviors of systems under different hypotheses, often providing surprising insights about the actual effects of different model pieces. (cornell.edu)
  • Most powerfully, expressions of gratitude lead employees to feel socially valued and to believe that their actions make a difference in others' lives, which motivates them to be helpful, cooperative, and go the extra mile for the organization and those around them. (psychologytoday.com)
  • One of the most important ideas I took away from reading The Continuum Concept, by Jean Liedloff, is that children are socially cooperative animals. (hobomama.com)
  • Additionally, in sightings, none of the duos showed evidence of cooperative hunting. (livescience.com)
  • Additionally, these behaviors must be acquired through social learning and be independent of genetic factors in order to be considered culturally transmitted. (dolphins.org)
  • Biologists have long known that predators control populations of prey animals, but new studies show that they may do much more. (mongabay.com)
  • Recent reports show tiger populations dropping in both India and Russia, both of which were considered the bright spots in tiger conservation. (mongabay.com)
  • One of those requirements is that a species engages in shared behaviors which vary between populations and are perpetuated across generations. (dolphins.org)
  • Interpersonal cognitive consistency is a driving force in group behavior. (zu.de)
  • Bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) are well known for the "plasticity" in their behavior and apparent cognitive ability (Reynolds, et al . (dolphins.org)
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been shown in multiple randomized clinical trials to be effective in the treatment of mild-to-moderate MDDs in children and adolescents. (medscape.com)
  • Psychodynamic psychotherapy, interpersonal therapy (IPT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), behavior therapy, family therapy, supportive psychotherapy, and group psychotherapy have all been used for the treatment of youths with MDD. (medscape.com)
  • Our findings suggest that more sophisticated moral reasoning and moral competence promote the maintenance of cooperative behaviors despite facing adverse situations. (nature.com)
  • The findings, featured in the journal Current Zoology , fully describe for the first time, cooperative behavior during fights between two apex predators ¬- spotted hyenas and lions. (scienceblog.com)
  • The second study, published in Communication Research, extended the findings by showing that cooperating in playing a violent video game can even unite people from rival groups -- in this case, fans of Ohio State and those of their bitter rival, the University of Michigan. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Do you believe that humans would be better off as cooperative animals, like ants or termites, as opposed to remaining competitive animals? (azpest.com)
  • Ferritin-like molecules show a remarkable combination of the evolutionary conserved activity of iron uptake and release that engage different pores in the conserved ferritin shell. (ku.edu)
  • Even though cooperative mobbing behavior has been documented in birds and other mammals, this is the first research to fully describe this interaction. (scienceblog.com)
  • The level of moral development may be crucial to understand behavior when people have to choose between prioritizing individual gains or pursuing general social benefits. (nature.com)
  • For example, social insect behavior is largely cooperative, and the survival of social insect colonies trumps the survival of individual social insects. (azpest.com)
  • In order to understand how social insect behavior evolved, researchers have investigated the clonal raider ant of Asia. (azpest.com)
  • There are many aspects of social, colonial, and individual behavior that are puzzling and difficult to understand. (cornell.edu)
  • Research shows that children who participate in mindfulness strategies in the classroom (virtual or in-person) are significantly more likely to display cooperative and pro-social behaviors. (psychologytoday.com)
  • The second related study was published recently in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking . (sciencedaily.com)
  • I will give an overview of dual content conceptualizations in social and personality psychology and will show that these can be traced back to ontological as well as functional considerations. (zu.de)
  • Social learning is the most likely explanation for shared behavior in most cases, but lack of proof keeps this a speculation. (dolphins.org)
  • Further research is necessary to provide concrete evidence that these behaviors are truly passed on via social learning before science, as a whole, may accept culture in the bottlenose dolphin under the current definition. (dolphins.org)
  • "Information or behavior, shared by a population or subpopulation, which is acquired from conspecifics through some form of social learning" (Rendell & Whitehead, 2001). (dolphins.org)
  • Social skills include: cooperative learning approaches, shared decision making, active participation, self-management skills, and a process-oriented approach. (forsuchatimeasthis.com)
  • Human ecological success relies on our characteristic ability to flexibly self-organize into cooperative social groups, the most successful of which employ substantial specialization and division of labour. (bvsalud.org)
  • This approach focuses on integrating approaches to change the physical and social environments rather than modifying only individual health behaviors. (cdc.gov)
  • The second level, relationship, includes a person's closest social circle, such as friends, partners, and family members, all of whom influence a person's behavior and contribute to his or her experiences. (cdc.gov)
  • The designer's task also expands to designing the interaction behavior of such play environments, keeping in mind that interaction is a dynamic property that develops and changes over time. (ijdesign.org)
  • If participating agents in a multiagent system can be assumed to be cooperative in nature, coordination mechanisms can be used that will realize desirable system performance. (aaai.org)
  • This cooperative agreement supports national organizations implementing national efforts to help increase the number of healthcare providers recognizing the signs and symptoms of lupus and what to do if lupus is suspected. (cdc.gov)
  • As such, showing gratitude and feeling grateful can have several benefits for employees and organizations. (psychologytoday.com)
  • The purpose of the Healthy Carolinians microgrant project was to increase public awareness of Healthy People 2010 objectives and broaden participation of community-based organizations (CBOs) in innovative efforts to promote healthy behaviors, access to care, and other projects to support national health objectives ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Sunspot-driven behavior may lead to welfare losses and exert negative externalities on agents, who do not receive extrinsic signals. (repec.org)
  • However, salient private signals of high precision may also cause sunspot-driven behavior, even though this is no equilibrium. (repec.org)
  • We then investigate dynamic games where players decide to change their pseudonym one after the other and show how this affects strategies at equilibrium. (harvard.edu)
  • A review of modelling techniques shows that equilibrium models are unsuitable and that system dynamics and discrete event simulation are too limited. (hindawi.com)
  • 1) "Clinging to Equilibrium" functions as a problem statement, showing that most current models are unsuitable for transitions. (hindawi.com)
  • Besides the equilibrium state, the system shows non-equilibrium fluctuations derived by the exponential growth of the individuals in which the payoff equality principle does not hold. (bvsalud.org)
  • The applications considered include: the theory of economic decision making under risk and uncertainty, non-cooperative game theory and the basic concepts of dominance, Nash equilibrium, and subgame perfection, the theory of monopoly, oligopoly theory, developing game theoretic models of competition in prices and quantities as well as sequential competition, the basic theory of incentive problems created by asymmetric information about actions or states of nature. (lu.se)
  • Also, DMT performance of OCC is significantly high due to cooperative diversity gain. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • In addition, although there were no differences between cohabiting couples and married couples at the initial assessment in relationship adjustment, cohabiting mothers who stayed with their partner over the 10 years showed significantly greater declines in relationship adjustment over the 10 years compared to married mothers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Numerical experiments show that sharing solely bids and acceptance decisions leads to stable bidding policies. (arxiv.org)
  • A probabilistic reciprocity mechanism is introduced and shown to generate stable and cooperative behavior among a group of self-interested agents. (aaai.org)
  • The purpose of the National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group (NCDDG) Program is to create multidisciplinary research groups or partnerships for the discovery of pharmacological agents to treat and to study mental illness, drug or alcohol addiction. (nih.gov)
  • This lesson discussed cooperative learning, or learning in a group. (doctordanger.com)
  • First, what appear to be victimless behaviors in highly individualistic, post-industrial societies might have a direct impact on group members in small-scale societies. (bvsalud.org)
  • The researchers found that colonies containing as few as six ants began to demonstrate cooperative behavior by forming divisions of labor. (azpest.com)
  • Although it is widely (but not universally) believed that the dynamical behavior is linked to the atomic structure of the liquid, this has been difficult to demonstrate experimentally. (caltech.edu)
  • This paper brings together a wide review of both theory and practice in order to show how such models could be constructed. (hindawi.com)
  • Such behavior includes outbursts of anger, intimidating or demeaning behavior, and "passive actions," such as refusal to cooperative with other medical professionals or to perform assigned tasks. (minnpost.com)
  • During pregnancy, women may be more prone to periodontal (gum) disease and cavities, and research has shown an association between these conditions and adverse pregnancy outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • The NOFO's purpose is to support research on lupus through a two-component cooperative agreement. (cdc.gov)
  • This two-component cooperative agreement supports research on lupus. (cdc.gov)
  • The present research aims at contributing to these questions by identifying interindividual differences in the susceptibility to feel moral emotions when witnessing moral excellence, such as the one Oskar Schindler showed. (frontiersin.org)
  • This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) will use the multi-project Research Program Cooperative Agreement (U19) award mechanism. (nih.gov)
  • At a time when top predators are vanishing worldwide, three recent research papers show a very new side of top predators. (mongabay.com)
  • There have been many studies and researches on cooperative learning that showed the significance and the positive effect of this strategy on the educational process. (grin.com)
  • One of these studies was conducted by Felder & Brent (1994) who found that students became so used to this strategy of cooperative learning that they followed it in other classes not only the class in which the study took place. (grin.com)
  • Epidemiology of Lupus: Longitudinal Studies in Population-Based Cohorts , also known as the CDC-RFA-DP22-002 external icon , is a Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) for 5-year (2022-2027) cooperative agreements to be supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (cdc.gov)
  • Epidemiology of Lupus: Longitudinal Studies in Population-Based Cohorts , also known as the CDC-RFA-DP19-003, is a closed NOFO for a 3-year cooperative agreement. (cdc.gov)
  • The MD studies suggest that this marks the onset of cooperative atomic behavior in shear flow. (caltech.edu)
  • In recent years, psychological studies have shown that people who focus on the things in their lives for which they are thankful tend to experience more positive feelings and greater well-being. (psychologytoday.com)
  • First, because studies show that focusing on blessings (rather than burdens) tends to increase feelings of gratitude, managers should do their best to make the benefits that their organization has to offer more salient to their employees. (psychologytoday.com)
  • The analysis in this paper studies the impact of channel dynamics on the DMT performance for non cooperative and cooperative systems. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Studies have shown that many applicators in the United States and Canada have and continue to use unsafe practices such as spraying pesticides while wearing ordinary clothing, washing pesticide contaminated clothing with regular laundry, and stirring pesticide treated grain manually instead of with mechanical devices. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of serine and glycine's role as neurotrophic factors in the developing brain, PHGDH has been shown to have high expression in glial and astrocyte cells during neural development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Then, we explore selective pres- sures that might favor submaximal parasitism behavior and discuss the most reasonable explanation for sub-maximal parasitism by H. horticola. (cornell.edu)
  • Given these observations, the researchers believe that cooperative animals may evolve more readily than competing animals, as cooperative animals ensure that each member of a colony are well cared for. (azpest.com)
  • after all, how could a species survive or evolve without resorting to competitive behaviors? (azpest.com)
  • Two retransmission approaches including packet combining (PC) and packet accumulating (PA) are also studied and their impacts on DMT performance are analyzed for cooperative and noncooperative schemes. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • besides, two classes were observed to investigate students' cooperative learning experience, students' attitude towards cooperative learning, improvements in students' achievement and how cooperative learning impacted on students' performance and class participation. (grin.com)
  • The agreement also focuses on increasing the number of people with lupus referred to and engaged in self-management tools/services and showing improvements in self-management behaviors. (cdc.gov)
  • We showed that the residue-residue correlations and the resultant long-range cooperativity depend on the ferritin shell packing, which, in turn, depends on protein sequence composition. (ku.edu)
  • We show that depending on channel dynamic conditions, while all the studied schemes enjoy the time diversity gain, BUS exploits multi-user diversity gain in its DMT performance. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • When hyenas mob during hyena-lion interactions, there is significant risk of injury by participating in this cooperative behavior," Lehmann said. (scienceblog.com)
  • As this video shows, the interactions are intense. (scienceblog.com)
  • In recent years we have seen a revival of the science aspects of the area driven by advances in the understanding of intermolecular interactions, cooperative phenomena and condensed phases. (lu.se)
  • Desperate attempts to appease business owners at the risk of everyone else's health have become embarrassing as a 90 percent drop in tourism shows how pointless it was for the Greek government to re-open the economy amid the pandemic. (libcom.org)
  • This checklist is designed to help you reduce the health risks of those animals that you are showing or plan to show. (umaine.edu)
  • If planning to show out of state, obtain a signed health certificate from your veterinarian. (umaine.edu)
  • The data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) show that in Germany today 20.5 % of 11-17-year-old boys and 20.3 % of girls the same age smoke. (who.int)
  • Through a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics worked to create Protect Tiny Teeth, an oral health communications resource that aims to facilitate conversations between pregnant women and their health care providers, as well as educate women and families about the importance of oral health. (cdc.gov)
  • The HIA cited 2002-2007 data from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health that showed Fall River ranked worse than the Massachusetts average for a number of health measures. (cdc.gov)
  • This project is supported by the Diabetes Prevention - State and Local Public Health Actions to Prevent Obesity, Diabetes, and Heart Disease and Stroke cooperative agreement (DP14-1422). (cdc.gov)
  • All CDC grant and cooperative agreement opportunities are posted on www.grants.gov external icon . (cdc.gov)
  • Developing and Disseminating Strategies to Build Sustainable Lupus Awareness, Knowledge, Skills, and Partnerships , also known as CDC-RFA-DP20-2008, is a closed NOFO for a 5-year cooperative agreement. (cdc.gov)
  • In my talk, I will show you some examples how such biological cues influence the dynamic properties of membranes. (lu.se)
  • The formation of lipid rafts and cavioli in biological membranes provides examples of cooperative association of lipids presumably assisted by the presence of cholesterol acting as a lineactant in the two-dimensional system of the membrane. (lu.se)
  • Our models focus on how joint demographic, economic, and family situations (e.g., whether a spouse also is retired) affect these transitions, guided by cooperative household bargaining theory. (aeaweb.org)
  • The majority of these depictions show prayer as an individual endeavor, a private communion between a character and the divine. (templeton.org)
  • Children often show no obvious signs of distress. (cdc.gov)
  • Infographic: Do Your Workers Show Signs of Fatigue? (cdc.gov)
  • The protein is shown as a ribbon diagram , with alpha helices in red, beta sheathes in yellow and loops in blue. (wikipedia.org)
  • For -lactalbu- min, only water molecules conserved in the human and baboon structures are shown (the structure of the bovine protein has not been reported). (lu.se)
  • We investigate the choice of interaction strategies and environmental characteristics that will make the best self-interested actions to be cooperative in nature. (aaai.org)
  • In this study we propose that a more active process of valuation that relies on the capacity to reason morally could be a more useful predictor of cooperative behavior. (nature.com)
  • The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of cooperative learning in improving students' achievement and attitude towards learning. (grin.com)
  • A new Michigan State University study focusing on the latter, though, shows that when it comes to battling for food, mobbing can be beneficial. (scienceblog.com)
  • This novel finding shows that, when it serves their purpose of gaining greater access to prey, mates, and territory, wild male jaguars may collaborate, cooperate, and even form long-term relationships with former competitors," study co-author Allison Devlin , a big cat ecologist and deputy director of the jaguar program at the big-cat conservation organization Panthera, said in a statement . (livescience.com)
  • As well, 40% of the patients receiving citalopram had moderate or marked improvement from baseline severity on the 7-point modified Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change score, which assesses items specific to agitation in AD. (medscape.com)
  • The shortcomings of UNICEF Representative Marin Clark-Hatting in the implementation of her mandate and the non-cooperative work were problematic for the Armenian side, so the Armenian government decided to terminate her duties as UNICEF Representative in the Republic of Armenia," Naghdalyan said. (armradio.am)
  • Fig. 1 Crystal structures of human -lactal- bumin (PDB file 1HML), lysozyme (2LZT) and ribonuclease A (7RSA) showing potentially long-lived internal water molecules, disul- fide bonds (yellow), and the Ca2+ ion (green) in -lactalbumin. (lu.se)
  • In the analysis we consider two non cooperative communication systems including random user selection (RUS), and best user selection (BUS). (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Ananda is a global spiritual movement, based on the teachings of Paramhansa Yogananda, who showed how everyone can realize God in their daily lives as a tangible, loving reality. (ananda.org)
  • The higher the precision of signals and the easier they can be aggregated, the more powerful they are in dragging behavior away from the risk-dominant to risk-dominated strategies. (repec.org)
  • I will show that the communion dimension is primary in both perspectives, whereas the agency dimension is more important in the actor versus the observer perspective. (zu.de)
  • The specifi c projects in the area that are currently pursued at the department can be classifi ed into four general themes: i) Colloidal stability and cooperative association. (lu.se)