Shown chromosome pairing. Medical search. Frequent questions

Lighter bands on chromosomes called euchromatin where genes are expressed. (mindmeister.com)
The strong suppression of recombination in the pericentromeric regions and co-segregation of race specific chromosomes involved in the long chains would be expected to lead to linkage disequilibrium between genes located there. (preprints.org)
This study demonstrates that mammalian condensin II functions to organize long-range chromosome contacts and regulate transcription at specific genes. (bepress.com)
An Rb-condensin II complex mediates long-range chromosome interactions and influences expression at divergently paired genes" Molecular and Cellular Biology Vol. 40 Iss. (bepress.com)
Figure 3 shows how children get their chromosomes and, therefore, their genes and DNA from their parents. (cdc.gov)
Simultaneous fluorescence in situ hybridization showed both 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S ribosomal RNA genes to be located on chromosome IV. (nih.gov)
Thus, we characterized the resistance in PI 603712 and identified two regions of genes in the plant chromosomes that control the resistance. (usda.gov)
The chromosomes hold 20,000 to 25,000 genes, meaning that each chromosome is densely packed with genes. (healthywomen.org)
The genes on the chromosomes are responsible for making proteins, which direct our biological development and the activity of about 100 trillion cells in our bodies. (healthywomen.org)
In a GA, potential hypotheses are made up of chromosomes, which are, in turn, made up of genes. (kdnuggets.com)
In GAs, new sets of hypotheses are formed from previous sets of hypotheses, either by selecting some full chromosome (generally of high fitness) to move forward to a new generation unscathed (selection), by flipping a bit of an existing full chromosome and moving it forward to a new generation (mutation), or, most commonly, by breeding child chromosomes for the new generation by using an existing set's genes as parents. (kdnuggets.com)
They found that during evolution, a reshuffling of DNA known as translocation brought together separate chunks of sex-determining genes onto a single chromosome, essentially mimicking the human X or Y chromosome. (phys.org)
In the 1960's, Japanese-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist Susumu Ohno proposed a theory in which the genes determining sex first arose at various spots scattered across the entire genome , but over time were "captured" on the sex chromosomes. (phys.org)
In C. amylolentus , dozens of genes at two different locations on the chromosomes control what's called a tetrapolar, or four-part, mating system. (phys.org)
The researchers sequenced the entire genome of C. amylolentus , mapping the location of all the genes as well as the centromeres on each of the organism's 14 chromosomes. (phys.org)
Genes Chromosomes Cancer. (umassmed.edu)
[ 4 ] The 6 genes involved in WS are PAX3 (encoding the paired box 3 transcription factor), MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), EDN3 (endothelin 3), EDNRB (endothelin receptor type B), SOX10 (encoding the Sry bOX10 transcription factor), and SNAI2 (snail homolog 2), with different frequencies. (medscape.com)

Almost all chromosomes present C-bands in one or both chromosomal ends. (cdc.gov)
PGS screens for a number of common embryonic chromosomal disorders, including a condition called aneuploidy - where embryos have too few or too many chromosomes. (sdfertility.com)
Studies show that the overall rate of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos is about 50 percent. (sdfertility.com)
In particular, G band analysis usually does not show the chromosomal origin of small marker chromosomes or of a small amount of extra material detected on otherwise normal chromosomes. (bmj.com)
Chromosomal identification of marker chromosomes and extra bands on chromosomes through molecular techniques is always of clinical interest. (bmj.com)
Some tests look at chromosomes for abnormalities such as extra, missing or transposed chromosomal material. (healthywomen.org)
Importantly, we found that centromeric regions of some non-rearranged chromosomes also showed genetic differentiation between the hybridising groups, indicating a complex interplay between chromosomal rearrangements and other parts of the genome in maintaining or promoting differentiation and potentially driving speciation between chromosomal races. (conicet.gov.ar)

Trisomy of sex chromosomes is compatible with life, but will cause phenotypic abnormalities. (mindmeister.com)
10%). The carriers of complex synaptic configurations showed multiple pairing abnormalities, which might lead to reduced fertility. (preprints.org)
The technique can help identify abnormalities that can cause implantation failure during IVF, as well as uncover conditions like Down syndrome (which is caused by an extra chromosome). (sdfertility.com)
Our embryology team then screens the chromosomes to check for abnormalities, extra copies of chromosomes, or missing chromosomes. (sdfertility.com)
We have used comparative genomic hybridisation to analyse 19 constitutional chromosome abnormalities detected by G band analysis, including seven deletions, five supernumerary marker chromosomes, two interstitial duplications, and five chromosomes presenting with abnormal terminal banding patterns. (bmj.com)
Others have applied CGH to the study of constitutional chromosome abnormalities detected postnatally. (bmj.com)
Although the structural chromosome abnormalities in these cases were too small to identify the origin of the extra genomic material based on banding pattern, none of the abnormalities described by these authors can be considered to be subtle or cryptic. (bmj.com)

We show that kinetochores on homologous chromosomes move together, microtubules are dynamic and pivot around the spindle pole, and the average capture time is 3-4 minutes. (nature.com)
Our theory describes paired kinetochores on homologous chromosomes as a single object, as well as angular movement of microtubules and their dynamics. (nature.com)
In addition, we model KCs on homologous chromosomes as a single object because we have observed that they move in a correlated manner. (nature.com)
Moreover, the paired configuration of KCs on homologous chromosomes significantly increases capture efficiency. (nature.com)
These chromosomes are organized into pairs, with each pair consisting of two homologous chromosomes. (proprofs.com)

If the parent is mosaic, the risk is similar, although these people may also have offspring with normal chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

E: First meiotic metaphase of the same insect shown in 2D. (cdc.gov)
Normally, dividing cells form a single metaphase plate of paired chromosomes which are pulled apart by opposing microtubule spindles. (cellimagelibrary.org)

This specimen from Argentina presents the lowest number of C-banded autosomes (four chromosomes). (cdc.gov)
Only two heterochromatic bivalents, formed by the pairing of the four C-banded autosomes showed in 2A, are observed. (cdc.gov)
Heterochromatic C-bands are clearly detected in four autosomes and in the Y sex chromosome. (cdc.gov)
Heterochromatic blocks are localized in most autosomes and in both sex chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
If the gene is part of one of the first 22 pairs of chromosomes, called autosomes, the genetic condition is called an "autosomal" condition. (cdc.gov)
Anomalies that affect autosomes (the 22 paired chromosomes that are alike in males and females) are more common than those that affect sex chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

What is the number of chromosomes in a normal human karyotype? (proprofs.com)
A normal human karyotype consists of 46 chromosomes. (proprofs.com)
This is the correct answer because it accurately represents the number of chromosomes in a normal human karyotype. (proprofs.com)

Using immunolocalisation of the meiotic proteins, we examined chromosome pairing and recombination in males from the hybrid zone. (preprints.org)
Previously, the genome of the cereal pathogen Fg was sequenced and shown to encode a larger number of proteins in pathogenicity related protein families compared to non-pathogenic fungi, including predicted transcription factors, hydrolytic enzymes, and transmembrane transporters 5 . (nature.com)
Therefore, this chapter will show exciting results of the group using fluorescent proteins and nanocrystals in biological systems. (intechopen.com)

In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. (proprofs.com)
Don't humans have 46 chromosomes? (thetech.org)
Almost all humans have two copies of each chromosome and therefore have two copies of each gene, one inherited from the mother and the other from the father. (healthywomen.org)

You have already had a child who has Down syndrome or another chromosome problem. (alberta.ca)
About 3% of people with Down syndrome have the normal count of 46 chromosomes but have an extra chromosome 21 translocated to another chromosome (the resulting abnormal chromosome is still counted only as 1). (msdmanuals.com)
A 21q21q translocation chromosome, which occurs when the extra chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome 21, is much less common. (msdmanuals.com)

Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of cells that contain genetic information. (proprofs.com)
Most people have 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell. (healthywomen.org)
Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
Chromosomes are elongated, coming from the nucleus (round, lower left). (lu.se)

Recombination frequency in the proximal regions of most chromosomes of all karyotypes was much lower than in the other regions. (preprints.org)
CGH has been widely applied to detect gains and losses of DNA sequences on specific chromosomes in the study of solid tumours, 1 but has not been extensively used to study unbalanced constitutional karyotypes. (bmj.com)
Constitutional chromosome studies involving conventional GTG band cytogenetic analysis, however, often show unbalanced karyotypes which cannot be fully defined because the extra material is too small to have a recognisable banding pattern. (bmj.com)

L. plantarum cells are rods with rounded ends, straight, generally 0.9-1.2 μm wide and 3-8 μm long, occurring singly, in pairs or in short chains. (wikipedia.org)
Kinetochore pairing may be a general feature that increases capture efficiency in meiotic cells. (nature.com)
Nondisjunction in meiosis can lead to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the resulting cells, which is the cause of Down syndrome, Turner's syndrome, and Klinefelter's syndrome. (proprofs.com)
The cells are checked for the number and size of chromosomes . (healthwise.net)
Usually, human cells have 46 chromosomes that occur in 23 pairs. (cdc.gov)
It is particularly important to determine whether a parent is a carrier of, or mosaic for, translocation 21q21q (such mosaics have some normal cells and some 45 chromosome cells with the 21q21q translocation). (msdmanuals.com)
Down syndrome mosaicism presumably results from nondisjunction (when chromosomes fail to pass to separate cells) during cell division in the embryo. (msdmanuals.com)

June 9, 2021 During meiosis, paternal and maternal chromosomes duplicate, pair, and exchange parts of their DNA in a process called meiotic recombination. (sciencedaily.com)
The internal chromosomes of the chain (8 and 12) show the greatest differentiation, which may reflect pairing and recombination properties of internal and external elements in a meiotic chain. (conicet.gov.ar)

A model system where the targeting of the chromosomes to the spindle can be studied is meiosis I in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe ( S. pombe ). (nature.com)
But they do have only one set of chromosomes, showing that (unlike PGCs) they have passed the critical developmental stage of meiosis, in which a cell's chromosome pairs split up. (scientificamerican.com)

Recombination is the swapping of DNA between the chromosomes within a pair. (thetech.org)
Since the recombination we have been talking about happens in the egg or sperm, this means the recombined chromosomes end up in someone's children. (thetech.org)
These regions of the chromosome are so dense that they were once thought to be removed from recombination. (phys.org)

Thinopyrum distichum chromosome VII carried only a 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA locus and chromosome pair II carried only a 5S rRNA locus. (nih.gov)
The locus on chromosome 7 was dominantly expressed and positioned about one Mega-base-pair (Mb) distant from the previously identified resistance locus Rag1. (usda.gov)
The locus on chromosome 16 was positioned near the previously identified resistance locus Rag3, but expressed partial dominance differently from Rag3. (usda.gov)
Phenotypic analysis of these ' in locus ' mutations based on both expression of Kni protein and adult wing phenotypes, reveals novel unexpected features of L2-CRM function including evidence for a chromosome pairing-dependent process that promotes transcription. (elifesciences.org)
In this study, the researchers showed that in Cryptococcus amylolentus, the ancestral state, the P/R locus resided on chromosome 10 and the HD locus on chromosome 11. (phys.org)

Genic differentiation, together with the high frequency of pairing aberrations in male carriers of the long chains, might contribute to maintenance of the narrow hybrid zone. (preprints.org)
Felix Mitelman's initiative of mapping all chromosome aberrations in cancer has helped to improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for different types of cancer. (lu.se)

Ag-NORs were identified at telomeres on a subtelocentric chromosome pair, although multiple ribosomal sites have been detected in some specimens from Contas River. (scielo.br)

Trisomy 21 → gain of an extra chromosome 21, results in Down's syndrome. (mindmeister.com)
May have trisomy of other chromosomes, eg. (mindmeister.com)
In about 95% of cases, there is an extra separate chromosome 21 (trisomy 21), which is typically maternally derived. (msdmanuals.com)

We have recently shown that MTs explore the space by pivoting around the SPB, which accelerates KC capture in mitosis in fission yeast 9 . (nature.com)
Centrioles organize the spindle apparatus on which the chromosomes move during mitosis. (cytochemistry.net)

RNAseq, featureCounts] Can paired-end data be processed as single end? (biostars.org)
For subsets of the assemblies, we integrated these with additional supporting data to confirm and complement the synteny-based adjacencies: 6 with physical mapping data that anchor scaffolds to chromosome locations, 13 with paired-end RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data, and 3 with new assemblies based on re-scaffolding or long-read data. (cdc.gov)

The 23rd pair of chromosomes is a little different depending on your biological sex. (thetech.org)
The 23rd pair is usually either two X chromosomes or an X and a Y chromosome. (thetech.org)
The 23rd pair is called the sex chromosomes. (cdc.gov)

The genome sequencing of the lactic acid bacterium L. plantarum WCFS1 shows more molecular details. (wikipedia.org)
Our analysis revealed lineage-specific (LS) genomic regions in F. oxysporum that include four entire chromosomes and account for more than one-quarter of the genome. (nature.com)
This was something that had not been seen before, which shows the advantage of editing a gene's regulatory sequence at its normal location within the genome. (elifesciences.org)
Evolutionary superscaffolding and chromosome anchoring to improve Anopheles genome assemblies. (cdc.gov)
Albert Levan, a researcher at Lund University, was the first to establish how many chromosomes there are in the human genome. (lu.se)
In the 1950s, Albert Levan and American Joe Hin Tjio improved the method, and in 1956 they established that the human genome is divided into 46 chromosomes, i.e. 23 pairs of chromosomes. (lu.se)

Long strings of DNA condense together, packaging the DNA in the form of a chromosome. (healthywomen.org)

Fluorescence "in situ" hybridization (FISH) technique enables chromosomes to be tagged with fluorescent dyes to highlight genetic traits. (lu.se)

This can show if there are any problems that put the baby at risk for certain conditions, such as Down syndrome . (healthwise.net)
It can also find chromosome problems, such as Down syndrome . (alberta.ca)
As a result of the chromosome imbalance, Lily and Benjamin have global development delay, learning disabilities and hypermobility with their condition most similar to Down's syndrome . (scotsman.com)
People with mosaic Down syndrome have two cell lines, one with the normal 46 chromosomes and another with 47 chromosomes, including an extra chromosome 21. (msdmanuals.com)

For the experimentally measured parameters, the model reproduces the measured capture kinetics and shows that the paired configuration of kinetochores accelerates capture, whereas microtubule pivoting and dynamics have a smaller contribution. (nature.com)
Collectively, these are called an "axoneme", This figure shows a microtubule (top panel) in surface view and in cross section (lower left hand panel). (cytochemistry.net)

distichum chromosomes IV and VII and chromosomes of other members of the Triticeae was discussed by comparing results obtained using these physical and molecular markers. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, Φ(st)-based genetic distance computation and pair-wise analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) test were carried out. (nih.gov)
Our genetic analyses of these two species yielded contrasting results: a spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) and F ST between each pair of populations revealed a locally fragmented genetic structure for Y. multistriata , compared to three distinct geographic groups of Y. argus within which range-wide gene flow occurs. (bioone.org)
A new paper from Duke molecular genetics and microbiology shows how pathogenic Cryptococcus fungi evolved from having many sexes to just two through 50 million years of gene swapping. (phys.org)
Unlike non- ionizing radiation (such as microwaves and ultraviolet radiation), which has insufficient energy to eject molecular electrons, ionizing radiation deposits sufficient energy to remove electrons from atomic orbits and create molecular ion pairs along particle tracks. (cdc.gov)

Chromosome level ordering of the scaffolds was achieved by anchoring the assemblies either to a genetic map for Fv (ref. 7 ), or an optical map for Fol ( Supplementary Information A and Supplementary Table 2 ). (nature.com)
Our combined analyses produced 20 new superscaffolded assemblies with improved contiguities: 7 for which assignments of non-anchored scaffolds to chromosome arms span more than 75% of the assemblies, and a further 7 with chromosome anchoring including an 88% anchored Anopheles arabiensis assembly and, respectively, 73% and 84% anchored assemblies with comprehensively updated cytogenetic photomaps for Anopheles funestus and Anopheles stephensi. (cdc.gov)

MTs interact with a chromosome via the kinetochore (KC), a large protein complex located at the centromere. (nature.com)
For example, chromosome 1 of C. neoformans contained pieces of four different chromosomes from C. amylolentus , providing evidence of multiple translocations, some within the centromere. (phys.org)
According to their model, multiple translocations deposited the two sex determinants on the same chromosome, with a centromere in between. (phys.org)

distichum chromosome pairs also carried 5S rRNA loci. (nih.gov)
QTL analysis revealed that PI 603712 possessed two major loci associated with soybean aphid resistance, located on chromosome 7 and 16. (usda.gov)
Interestingly, two minor loci were also detected on chromosomes 13 and 17 but the alleles from PI 603712 decreased the resistance. (usda.gov)

Surprisingly, they've shown that these crucial translocations occurred at the centromeres, the twisty ties that hold together chromosomes at the center of an x-shaped pair. (phys.org)

I think it's 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human body. (coderanch.com)
Chimeric receptors between human and zebrafish OGR1s showed that the amino acid residues that determine the species specificity of ogerin-induced enhancement reside in the transmembrane and/or intracellular regions of OGR1. (bioone.org)
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)

almost all tumours have chromosome changes and some are typical of different types of cancer. (lu.se)

Although normally harmless, balanced translocation can lead to problems conceiving and increases the risk of duplicate or missing pieces of chromosome in offspring. (scotsman.com)

Sirenomelia is a very rare limb anomaly in which the normally paired lower limbs are replaced by a single midline limb. (cdc.gov)

The Y (heterochromatic) and X (euchromatic) chromosomes appear as univalents, as typically observed in hemipteran insects. (cdc.gov)
Each person typically has 23 pairs of chromosomes. (cdc.gov)

The chromosome contains 3,308,274 base pairs. (wikipedia.org)
This seems to happen when a variant is found that is less than 50 base-pairs from the start of the chromosome. (lu.se)
program that is calculating the GC-content for the "local" area (which are 6 base pairs around the location). (lu.se)
script so that it uses the correct sequence if the variant location is within the 50 first base pairs of a chromosome. (lu.se)

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes, called number 1 to 22, are the same in males and females. (cdc.gov)

In a new study published this week in the journal Nature , researchers use a novel approach based on chromosome structure to come up with a definitive answer: Comb jellies, or ctenophores (teen'-a-fores), were the first lineage to branch off from the animal tree. (scienceblog.com)

The most common translocation is t(14;21), in which a piece of an additional chromosome 21 is attached to chromosome 14. (msdmanuals.com)

This graphical abstract shows how Zhou et al. (scientificamerican.com)

The NOR bearing chromosomes in both species may be considered homologues because they maintain conserved characteristics, such as being interspersed with a GC-rich heterochromatin and possessing target sequences for Alu I, Bam HI and Eco RI. (ingentaconnect.com)

Kinetochores are protein complexes on the chromosomes, whose function as linkers between spindle microtubules and chromosomes is crucial for proper cell division. (nature.com)
In order to distribute the genetic material equally, the cell forms a spindle, a precise micro-machine made of microtubules (MTs) to which all chromosomes have to be correctly targeted. (nature.com)
They are made up of microtubules , as shown in this cartoon and are covered by an extension of the plasma membrane. (cytochemistry.net)
Two of these microtubules join to form one doublet in the cilia or flagella This is shown in the middle panel. (cytochemistry.net)

Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because the allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome. (proprofs.com)
Females, on the other hand, have two X chromosomes, so they are more likely to be carriers of the recessive allele without showing the trait themselves. (proprofs.com)
Same thing with chromosomes 2-22 and the pair of X's in biological females. (thetech.org)

In addition, NORs showed bright fluorescent signals when stained with CMA 3 and treated for FISH with rDNA 18S. (ingentaconnect.com)

The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) binds to sites in chromosomes to specify the location of origins of DNA replication. (imperial.ac.uk)

Cell with chromosomes in pairs. (marxist.com)
Within each cell of a person's body, the genetic instructions (DNA) are packaged into larger units called chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
Below is another micrograph of the cell surface showing a number of cilia. (cytochemistry.net)
Selected areas of the parlodion film, are transferred to formvar coated EM grids, and the parlodion removed by immersion in amyl acetate (see Ris H, 1981 Stereoscopic Electron Microscopy of Chromosomes, Meth Cell Biol 22:77-96). (cellimagelibrary.org)
He has spent over 30 years studying various aspects of the changes to chromosomes that lead a cell to change and develop into a cancer cell, with a particular focus on leukaemia. (lu.se)

Now a glimmer of hope has been offered to parents Kenny, 42, and Crystal Arnott, 38, after they signed up to an international database that helps track down and pair families with extremely rare chromosome and gene disorders. (scotsman.com)
While a complete match has not been found, the family has been paired with four people in America that have similar chromosome disorders. (scotsman.com)
Role of the tau gene region chromosome inversion in progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and related disorders. (umassmed.edu)

Extra or missing pieces of chromosomes can have a significant impact on the health of an individual. (healthywomen.org)
Five-year-old Lily Arnott and her brother Benjamin, 3, from Penicuik , were both born with an extra chromosome, made up of uneven parts of chromosomes 21 and 16. (scotsman.com)
The evolutionary origin of this horse, which shows striking physical differences compared to domesticated horses, as well as an extra-pair of chromosomes, remained a mystery. (wun.ac.uk)

Regardless of the name or species, Heitman contends that some universal principles could govern the evolution of all sex chromosomes. (phys.org)

The darker blue-green one is one chromosome in the pair and the light blue is the other. (thetech.org)

The effects of these mutations unexpectedly suggested that pairs of chromosomes might be interacting to control the activity of this gene. (elifesciences.org)
Most, if not all, cases of WS1 are caused by mutations in the PAX3 gene located on chromosome band 2q35. (medscape.com)
Mutations in the MITF gene, located on chromosome band 3p14.1-p12.3, cause some cases of WS2. (medscape.com)

Genetic conditions can be described by the chromosome that contains the gene or DNA change. (cdc.gov)
These include many diseases that run in families (genetic conditions) and chromosome problems. (alberta.ca)

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was also developed as an alternative for identification of isolates, and was shown to be a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic assay. (who.int)

So we have two copies of chromosome 1, two copies of chromosome 2, and so on up to chromosome 22. (thetech.org)

Experimentally, we demonstrate the transfer of two LS chromosomes between strains of F. oxysporum , converting a non-pathogenic strain into a pathogen. (nature.com)
This can be shown experimentally. (cytochemistry.net)

Diagnostic markers for eight Thinopyrum distichum addition chromosomes in Triticum turgidum were established using C-banding, in situ hybridization, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. (nih.gov)

The image shows chromosomes from a cancer patient. (lu.se)

A detailed comparison of the chromosomes of these and other animals to the chromosomes of three single-celled non-animal groups finally resolves the question. (scienceblog.com)
In an obvious nod to biology, a chromosome is a single hypothesis of which many make up a population. (kdnuggets.com)
A gene is a single bit within such a chromosome. (kdnuggets.com)

Bailar, Eisenberg, and Mantel Test of Temporal Clustering Bailar, Eisenberg, and Mantel suggested a test of temporal clustering based on the number of pairs of cases in a given area that occur within a specified length of time d of each other (9). (cdc.gov)

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