Shown chromosome inversion. Medical search. Frequent questions

Deduction from the behavior of translocations has been utilized, but as will be shown here, has led to an incorrect result. (caltech.edu)
For the first time, analysis of assemblies from the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium reveals how and when specific translocations-a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches or fuses to another-called Robertsonian translocations, can form. (stowers.org)
Another study found autosomal karyotype abnormali- ties are robertsonian translocations, reciprocal translocations, xx-male paracentric inversions, and marker chromosomes. (ardelyx.com)

These insertions, deletions, inversions, and duplications result in changes in the physical arrangement of genes on chromosomes. (nature.com)
Others, for example the famous 3RP inversion of Drosophila melanogaster, are several megabases in size, include several percent of the entire genome and span hundreds or thousands of genes. (schleiden-eifel.de)
A comparison of human and chimpanzee genes in the region of this inversion indicates that two genes-ROCK1 and USP14-that are adjacent on chimpanzee chromosome 17 (which corresponds to human chromosome 18) are more distantly positioned on human chromosome 18. (schleiden-eifel.de)
Because even small segments of chromosomes can span many genes, chromosomal disorders are characteristically dramatic and often fatal. (schleiden-eifel.de)
In a series of papers, Serebrovsky (1930), Dubinin (1929), Agol (1930) and their colleagues have described an extremely interesting group of bristle-reducing mutant genes lying at the scute locus of the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. (caltech.edu)
Seven mutant genes of Drosophila simulans have been shown to be allelomorphic to previously known mutant genes of D. melanogaster. (caltech.edu)
A recent paper in this journal by Detlefsen(1) is introduced as follows: "There is a well intrenched concept of recent genetics that hereditary factors or genes may be given fairly definite loci on chromosome maps and that these maps correspond to or represent, roughly perhaps, the actual conditions in the chromosome. (caltech.edu)
The basis for this attractive and suggestive view is the premise that the distance between two genes is necessarily proportional to the percentage of crossing over which these two genes show, other things being equal. (caltech.edu)
Morgan considered these two genes as lying in a "second chromosome," the first chromosome being the sex chromosome. (caltech.edu)
He showed that in the female there was a considerable amount of crossing over between these two genes, but in the male there was none at all so far as the data showed. (caltech.edu)
Of particular biological significance, the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes contain the genes required for the synthesis of ribosomes and ribosomal RNA. (stowers.org)
Ampliconic sequences associated with these inversions show differing mutation rates that are sequence context dependent, and some ampliconic genes exhibit evidence for concerted evolution with the acquisition and purging of lineage-specific pseudogenes. (pacb.com)
This process, called an inversion, isolates the genes that are trapped inside, producing a supergene. (blogspot.com)
But inversions are challenging to understand because, when they turn into supergenes, all of the genes are inherited together. (blogspot.com)
In D. melanogaster , the eight Hox genes are organized in two separate clusters on chromosome 3R: the Antennapedia cluster (ANT-C) and the Bithorax cluster (BX-C). The 350 kb BX-C contains the Ubx, abd-A and Abd-B genes, which specify the identity of the more posterior embryonic parasegments 5 to 14 (PS5 to PS14). (biorxiv.org)
Because these genes are located on the X chromosome, hemophilia affects males almost exclusively. (msdmanuals.com)

In September, 1913, a wild female Drosophila of a stock from Liverpool, Nova Scotia, was crossed to a male bearing the second chromosome mutant characters vestigial and speck. (caltech.edu)

Deletions of chromosome 7 are often detected in myelodysplastic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
In heterokaryotypic individuals (those that are heterozygous for an inversion) recombination within the inverted region is largely suppressed, either because homologous pairing is partially inhibited or because crossovers give rise to unbalanced gametes (carrying deletions or duplications) which will lead to the death of the zygote [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Profile of chromosome 21 shows regional deletions in 21q21.3 and 21q22.12. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Hemophilia is an inherited disorder that results from mutations, deletions, or inversions affecting the factor VIII or factor IX gene. (msdmanuals.com)
1%) are typically large deletions or inversions or point mutations that disrupt gene expression. (msdmanuals.com)

The outbreak strain genome comprises 3 chromosomes and a plasmid, sharing an average nucleotide identity of 98.4% with B. stabilis ATCC27515 BAA-67, but with 13% novel coding sequences. (cdc.gov)
The largest heterochromatic region in the human genome, Yq12, is composed of alternating repeat arrays that show extensive variation in the number, size and distribution, but retain a 1:1 copy-number ratio. (pacb.com)
The availability of fully sequence-resolved Y chromosomes from multiple individuals provides a unique opportunity for identifying new associations of traits with specific Y-chromosomal variants and garnering insights into the evolution and function of complex regions of the human genome. (pacb.com)
Based on our population-specific genome assemblies, we first confirmed and extended earlier reports of two strata on the guppy sex chromosomes. (scilifelab.se)
This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
The more similar the chromosomes (the genome and epigenome as well as chromosome number) the more likely hybrids will form and reproduce but also the more likely the net result will only be the introgression of genetic material from one species to the other. (carnivorousplants.org)

We study these questions, e.g., in the context of climate adaptation and life-history clines across latitudinal gradients, chromosomal inversion polymorphisms maintained by spatially varying selection and other forms of balancing selection, and the evolution of aging and trade-offs associated with longevity and other fitness traits. (unifr.ch)
These studies have led us to explore the role of natural variation in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway and of chromosomal inversion polymorphisms in affecting fitness components. (unifr.ch)
Inversion polymorphisms constitute an evolutionary puzzle: they should increase embryo mortality in heterokaryotypic individuals but still they are widespread in some taxa. (biomedcentral.com)
In birds, a detailed analysis is missing although intraspecific inversion polymorphisms are regarded as common. (biomedcentral.com)
BACKGROUND: Chromosomal inversion polymorphisms have been associated with adaptive behavioral, physiological, morphological and life history traits in the two main Afrotropical malaria vectors, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae. (cdc.gov)
METHODS: We designed tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR assays based on five tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously shown to be strongly correlated with 2Ru inversion orientation. (cdc.gov)

In particular, a distinction between those inversions which cover both chromosome arms and thus include the centromere (pericentric inversions) and those which are restricted to a single chromosome arm (paracentric inversions) has often been made [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, pericentric inversions often lead to decreased fertility in females [ 6 , 7 ], which may also explain the preponderance of polymorphic paracentric over pericentric inversions in species like Drosophila spp. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms of accumulation based on typical centromeric drive or of chromosomes carrying pericentric inversions are adjusted to the general karyotype differentiation in the principal Actinopterygii orders. (geneconvenevi.org)

A single crossover within a pericentric inversion leads to the formation of two chromatids with duplications and deficiencies and two normal chromatids, whereas in paracentric inversions an acentric fragment and a dicentric chromatid along with two normal chromatids are formed [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
or maize ( Zea mays )] paracentric inversions often do not cause reduced fertility in females because the dicentric chromatid is preferentially passed into the second polar body [ 6 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In Australian zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ), two polymorphic inversions are known cytogenetically and we set out to detect these two and potentially additional inversions using genomic tools and study their effects on embryo mortality and other fitness-related and morphological traits. (biomedcentral.com)
Together with approaches already available for the other common polymorphic inversions, 2La, 2Rb and 2Rc, this assay will allow investigations of the adaptive value of the complex set of inversion systems observed in the two major malaria vectors in the Afrotropical region. (cdc.gov)

The highly skewed distribution of recombination events towards the chromosome ends in zebra finches and other estrildid species may function to minimize crossovers in the inverted regions. (biomedcentral.com)
These gene clusters of various sizes correspond predominantly to low recombination genomic regions such as inversions and centromeres, and also to recent selective sweeps. (biomedcentral.com)
This process, called recombination, where pairs of homologous chromosomes-one paternal and one maternal-break, and equal segments are swapped, increases genetic diversity in offspring because the chromosomes at the end of meiosis differ both from the parent and from each other. (stowers.org)
Specific regions along the short arms of chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22 are remarkably similar, indicating that recombination is occurring between chromosomes of mismatched pairs (for example, chromosomes 13 and 14 are exchanging information). (stowers.org)
The authors termed these "pseudohomologous" regions, to indicate that although they occur on different chromosomes, during meiotic recombination, they exchange sequences with other members of the acrocentric chromosome community as if they were homologs, or true pairs. (stowers.org)
The Y-haplotype effect might result from differences in the penetrance of alleles at the sex-determining locus (such that sex reversal and ensuing X-Y recombination are more frequent in Y B populations), and/or fixation of an inversion on Y A (as supported by the empirical observation that Y A haplotypes might not recombine in XY A females). (datadryad.org)
Loss of recombination between sex chromosomes often depletes Y chromosomes of functional content and genetic variation, which might limit their potential to generate adaptive diversity. (scilifelab.se)
Using linked-read sequencing on multiple P. parae females and males of all five morphs, we find that the genetic architecture of the male morphs evolved on the Y chromosome after recombination suppression had occurred with the X. Comparing Y chromosomes between each of the morphs, we show that, although the Ys of the three minor morphs that differ in colour are highly similar, there are substantial amounts of unique genetic material and divergence between the Ys of the three major morphs that differ in reproductive strategy, body size and mating behaviour. (scilifelab.se)
Altogether, our results suggest that the Y chromosome is able to overcome the constraints of recombination loss to generate extreme diversity, resulting in five discrete Y chromosomes that control complex reproductive strategies. (scilifelab.se)
Despite longstanding assumptions that sex chromosome recombination suppression is achieved through inversions, we find no evidence of inversions associated with either Stratum I or Stratum II. (scilifelab.se)
Instead, we observe a remarkable diversity in Y chromosome haplotypes within each population, even in the ancestral Stratum I. This diversity is likely due to gradual mechanisms of recombination suppression, which, unlike an inversion, allow for the maintenance of multiple haplotypes. (scilifelab.se)
Our results reveal the complex interplay between recombination suppression and Y chromosome divergence at the earliest stages of sex chromosome divergence. (scilifelab.se)

examples include aneuploidy (atypical chromosome number), deletion (loss of part of a chromosome), duplications (extra copies of a region of a chromosome), inversion (when part of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in reverse. (schleiden-eifel.de)
Human pangenome graph of the five acrocentric chromosomes with lines representing sequences with few variations and loops representing sequences with duplications and inversions. (stowers.org)

It seems probable that the scheme outlined in this paper will apply for the case of inversions that do not include the locus of the spindle attachment and for other chromosome aberrations in which crossing-over gives rise to chromatids with two spindle attachments, and where the conditions of meiosis are such that (a) the meiotic spindles are oriented so that the reduced nuclei lie approximately on a single straight line, and (b) only one of the terminal nuclei functions in further development. (caltech.edu)
During meiosis, a type of cell division that gives rise to sperm and eggs, genetic material can be exchanged or swapped between two paired chromosomes. (stowers.org)

Pericentric inversion in human chromosome 1 and the risk for male sterility. (bmj.com)

8 Subsequent studies have identified MeCP2 mutations in approximately 65% to 80% of patients with classic RTT, although familial cases and clinically atypical cases show a lower incidence of MeCP2 mutations. (neurology.org)
Inversions are intrachromosomal structural mutations which result in the reversal of gene order (and no change in the genic content of a chromosome) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
are chromosomes with inversions and dominant marker mutations useful to maintain a lethal or sterile homologous chromosome or a segment thereof intact in a cross or stock. (kit.jp)
That meant the "citrate-plus" trait must have been something special - either it was a single mutation of an unusually improbable sort, a rare chromosome inversion, say, or else gaining the ability to use citrate required the accumulation of several mutations in sequence. (newscientist.com)

This suggests that one of the inversion breakpoints occurred between. (schleiden-eifel.de)
The breakpoints of the 1R inversion were between (1) the 5S rDNA site and the NOR-region on the satellite of the short arm, and (2) between two AAC(5) sites close to the centromere on the long arm. (unboundmedicine.com)
Multicolor banding, chromosomal microarray analysis, chromosome microdissection with reverse painting, and single-copy sequencing of the rearranged chromosome were performed to determine the length and position of the inverted region as well as to rule out a genetic imbalance at the breakpoints. (metasystems-probes.com)

Belling(1) suggested that the chromosome rings found in Oenothera by Cleland(2) and others are to be explained as resulting from exchanges of ends between non-homologous chromosomes, so that one chromosome of a given complex is homologous at one end to one chromosome of a second complex, and at the other end to a different chromosome of the second complex. (caltech.edu)

The dearth of full loops at prophase in this patient, and in other pericentric inversion cases studied both in man and other species, raises the question of whether recombinant offspring might be rarer than anticipated on a theoretical basis owing to asynapsis or early heterologous synapsis across inverted segments. (bmj.com)
Although hybrids of these two species inherit three chromosomes from each parent, the majority of spores (the yeast equivalent of sperm) that these hybrids produce fail to develop into new yeast cells. (elifesciences.org)
The study surveyed genomic population structure heterogeneity by analysing 100 kbp windows and identified four types of evolutionary dynamics, whereby population structure is governed by species, geography, 2L a inversion genotype or 2R b inversion genotype [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Five of these lie in the X-chromosome, and a study of their linkage relations was shown to indicate that the sequence of the five loci concerned is the same in both species, and that the percentages of crossing over in comparable regions, while not indentical, is still not very different. (caltech.edu)
And because the species in question is a bacterium, scientists have been able to replay history to show how this evolutionary novelty grew from the accumulation of unpredictable, chance events. (newscientist.com)
At some point during the evolution of a species, a chromosome can break and flip. (blogspot.com)
Reasons for these contrasted evolutionary trajectories remain unclear, but species such as common frogs with polymorphism in the extent of sex-chromosome differentiation may potentially deliver important clues. (datadryad.org)
The guppy sex chromosomes show an extraordinary diversity in divergence across populations and closely related species. (scilifelab.se)
Chromosome number could be but is not considered a defining attribute of a taxonomic species. (carnivorousplants.org)
Chromosome number is not an effective feature in the definition of biological species either although differences in chromosome number can produce different biological species. (carnivorousplants.org)
In spite of our lack of attention to chromosomes and chromosome numbers in formally defining species, it is the chromosomes and the genetic material they contain that define true species and control the evolution of new species. (carnivorousplants.org)
Drosera can have anywhere from 8 to 80 chromosomes depending on the species. (carnivorousplants.org)
There are two factors related to chromosomes and species that work separately and together to make life interesting. (carnivorousplants.org)
The aim of this work was to overcome the constraints of currently available cytological and high-throughput molecular assays by developing a simple PCR assay for genotyping the 2Ru inversion in individual specimens of both mosquito species. (cdc.gov)

Standard genotypes are shown, but variants may have additional markers or loose standard ones. (kit.jp)

Inversion was first discovered by Sturtevant in 1921 in Drosophila. (schleiden-eifel.de)
Under ordinary conditions there is so little crossing over in the fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster that the usual method of constructing a map is not practicable. (caltech.edu)
Genetic studies showed several years ago that the third chromosomes of wild strains of Drosophila pseudoobscura often carry suppressors of crossing-over. (caltech.edu)

Homozygous sterile deletion chromosome balanced by GFP- and dpy-10-marked inversion. (umn.edu)

The chromosome 7q31 breakpoint was mapped to a position 205 kb downstream of the FOXP2 locus and 22 kb upstream of the MDFIC gene (Fig. 1a ). (biomedcentral.com)
were not able to reliably determine if the breakpoint affected FOXP2 regulation, because this gene shows very low expression in fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification of functional enhancer elements downstream of the inversion breakpoint. (biomedcentral.com)
The Precise Breakpoint Mapping in Paracentric Inversion 10q22.2q23.3 by Comprehensive Cytogenomic Analysis, Multicolor Banding, and Single-Copy Chromosome Sequencing. (metasystems-probes.com)
Here, we present a comprehensive cytogenomic approach to breakpoint mapping in a rare paracentric inversion on 10q (in a patient with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and necrozoospermia) that does not affect other phenotype traits. (metasystems-probes.com)

It has been shown above that crossovers between X chromosome segments inverted with respect to one another influence the orientation of the meiotic tetrads in such a way as to eliminate the single crossover chromatids, leaving a normal non-crossover one in the reduced egg nucleus. (caltech.edu)

Using additional data from 5229 birds and 9764 eggs from wild and three captive zebra finch populations, we show that only the largest inversions increase embryo mortality in heterokaryotypic males, with surprisingly small effect sizes. (biomedcentral.com)
However, within populations there can be found abnormalities involving the structure or number of chromosomes . (schleiden-eifel.de)
The salivary gland chromosome technique has made it possible to demonstrate not only that these are inverted sections, but also that there are many different inversions present in wild populations inhabiting different geographical regions. (caltech.edu)
It is shown that DNA divergence between two populations can be studied either by the average number of restriction site differences or by the average number of nucleotide differences. (typeset.io)
By investigating 92 common-frog populations from a wide range of elevations throughout Switzerland, we show that sex-chromosome differentiation strongly correlates with alleles at the candidate sex-determining gene Dmrt1 . (datadryad.org)
Y-specific Dmrt1 haplotypes cluster into two main haplogroups, Y A and Y B , with a phylogeographic signal that parallels mtDNA haplotypes: Y A populations, with mostly well-differentiated sex chromosomes, occur primarily south of the main alpine ridge that bisects Switzerland, while Y B populations, with mostly undifferentiated (proto-)sex chromosomes, occur north of this ridge. (datadryad.org)
In contrast, Stratum II shows divergence from the X, but no Y-specific sequence, and this divergence is greater in three replicate upstream populations compared with their downstream pair. (scilifelab.se)
The 2Ru inversion, spanning roughly 8% of chromosome 2R, is commonly polymorphic in West African populations of An. (cdc.gov)

Fluorescent image of chromosomes (blue) and centromeres (cyan), illustrating a Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 14 and 21 (red). (stowers.org)

Stratum I shows significant accumulation of male-specific sequence, consistent with Y divergence, and predates the colonization of Trinidad. (scilifelab.se)
Sequence analysis showed that the result of the inversion/fusion generated a chimeric USP16-RUNX1 transcript. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Changes in the structure or quantity of chromosomes , which are strands of condensed genetic material, are known as chromosomal aberrations or abnormalities. (schleiden-eifel.de)
In a control cohort of 68 human lymphocytes, telomere length and telomere aberrations were age-dependent and showed high inter-individual variation. (metasystems-probes.com)

Divergence and Remarkable Diversity of the Y Chromosome in Guppies. (scilifelab.se)

The mechanism that has carried the derived inversion haplotypes to such high allele frequencies remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we show that this Y diversity is dominated by low-frequency haplotypes segregating in the population, suggesting a link between haplotype diversity and female preference for rare Y-linked color variation. (scilifelab.se)

Chromosomes and hybrids. (carnivorousplants.org)
The fate of plant hybrids in nature depends very much on the compatibility of the chromosomes of the parents, which parent is the seed parent, and the exact circumstances of the event. (carnivorousplants.org)
The more different the chromosomes of the hybrids are the more likely hybridization will result in a speciation event. (carnivorousplants.org)

A new study shows how differentiation of a single gene changes behavior in a wild songbird, determining whether the white-throated sparrow displays more, or less, aggression. (blogspot.com)
Both types of differences are caused by genetic differentiation of only one region of a single chromosome, and we know exactly where it is. (blogspot.com)
Elevation has only a marginal effect, opposing previous suggestions of a major role for climate on sex-chromosome differentiation. (datadryad.org)

We report a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome whose marrow cells carried an inversion of 7q22 and q36 as a sole karyotypic abnormality. (biomedcentral.com)
In an organism, any visible abnormality in chromosome number or structure from the diploid set is known as chromosomal aberration . (schleiden-eifel.de)
These assemblies revealed patterns of genetic variation across chromosome regions which were previously inaccessible, letting us answer a longstanding question about the most common kind of chromosomal abnormality in humans. (stowers.org)

shows very few viable and fertile escapers from the DTS phenotype. (kit.jp)

Derivative chromosomes are indicated with arrows. (schleiden-eifel.de)
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is genetically characterized by the presence of the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), resulting in a BCR/ABL gene fusion on the derivative chromosome 22 called the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. (lu.se)

A morphological examination showed only basophilic stippling of erythroblasts which was seen as dysplasia. (biomedcentral.com)

Approximately 20% of cases have X chromosomes with an inversion within the Xq28 region. (wikipedia.org)
Through genetic linkage studies, we showed X-linked dominant inheritance of RTT and mapped the disease trait to the Xq28 region of the X chromosome. (neurology.org)

Inversions occur spontaneously, and can be induced artificially. (schleiden-eifel.de)

Closeup fluorescent image of a Robertsonian fusion between chromosomes 14 and 21 (red). (stowers.org)

Seven different mildew resistant wheat lines derived from crosses between triticale and bread wheat were examined by molecular cytogenetics and chromosome C-banding in order to determine their chromosomal composition. (unboundmedicine.com)
Using that knowledge, we were able to finally show the evolutionary role of a supergene at the molecular level. (blogspot.com)
In recent years in silico and molecular approaches have been developed for the genotyping of most widespread inversions (2La, 2Rb and 2Rc). (cdc.gov)
CONCLUSIONS: The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR assay represents an accurate, streamlined and cost-effective method for the molecular karyotyping of the 2Ru inversion in An. (cdc.gov)

gambiae and shows clear increases in frequency with increasing rainfall seasonally and geographically. (cdc.gov)

Extreme Y chromosome polymorphism corresponds to five male reproductive morphs of a freshwater fish. (scilifelab.se)

Here, we show that meiotic drive in fish is also supported by preferential establishment of sex chromosome systems and B chromosomes in orders with predominantly bi-brachial chromosomes. (geneconvenevi.org)

These are some of the most common cytogenetically visible rearrangements in humans - for example , the pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 is found in over. (schleiden-eifel.de)

Crossing over is reduced in the No 1 bivalent with only a rare chiasma being seen in the inverted region at metaphase I. Males heterozygous for a pericentric inversion in chromosome 1 appear to be at severe risk for infertility brought about by spermatogenic disturbance. (bmj.com)

In yet another example of a phenotypic link to a chromosomal anomaly, in humans, the duplication of part or all of chromosome 21 has been associated with Down syndrome . (nature.com)
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes -the DNA/protein complex with two arms extending from the centromere, a region approximately at the center of the arms where duplicated chromosomes are held together prior to cell division. (stowers.org)

Possible approaches for cytogenomic assessment of couples with balanced chromosome rearrangements and problems like reproductive failures were considered and suggested as useful part of effective genetic counseling. (metasystems-probes.com)
Despite their genetically complex nature, available data indicate that variant rearrangements do not confer any specific phenotypic or prognostic impact as compared to CML with a standard Ph chromosome. (lu.se)

It was shown by Lancefield (1929) that D. pseudoobscura A-B hybrid females, when back-crossed either to A or to B males, give sex-ratios among their offspring that may deviate widely (in either direction) from 1:1. (caltech.edu)
Before fertilization, the cytoplasm of the eggs deposited by race B females is so influenced by the chromosomes present in it, that an interaction between this cytoplasm and the autosomes of race A (introduced by the spermatozoon) results in the development of small testes in males arising from such eggs. (caltech.edu)

The prognostic significance of the secondary genetic changes is not uniform, although abnormalities involving chromosome 17, e.g., i(17q), have repeatedly been shown to be ominous. (lu.se)

Genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) showed the presence of rye germplasm in all the lines and identified three substitution lines, three double substitution lines and one addition-substitution line. (unboundmedicine.com)
C-banding identified rye chromosomes 1R and 4R in the addition-substitution line, rye chromosomes 1R and 6R in two substitution lines and 1R and 2R in the third line, and rye chromosome 1R in the three substitution lines. (unboundmedicine.com)
Balancer chromosomes are also useful for the substitution of chromosomes between stocks. (kit.jp)

The rearrangement in this child consists of a pericentric inversion of chromosome 7 (involving 7p15 and 7q31) and a translocation between chromosomes 7 and 11 (involving 7q21 and 11p12) [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The prevalence of highly repetitive sequences within the human Y chromosome has prevented its complete assembly to date1 and led to its systematic omission from genomic analyses. (pacb.com)

Mules are infertile because they inherit 32 chromosomes from their horse parent, but only 31 chromosomes from their donkey parent-and so have an odd chromosome that they cannot pair-off when they make sperm or egg cells. (elifesciences.org)
However, even if a hybrid inherits the same number of chromosomes from each parent, if the chromosomes from the two parents have different structures, the hybrid may still be infertile. (elifesciences.org)

fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) using five different repetitive DNA-probes showed a pericentric inversion of 1R in both lines. (unboundmedicine.com)

We show that this element drives reporter gene expression in human cell-lines. (biomedcentral.com)

In order to understand the dynamics of the guppy Y chromosome, we used linked-read sequencing to assess Y chromosome evolution and diversity across upstream and downstream population pairs that vary in predator and food abundance in three replicate watersheds. (scilifelab.se)

At least three distinct meiotic drive alleles, one on each S. kambucha chromosome, independently contribute to hybrid infertility by causing nonrandom spore death. (elifesciences.org)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes2

Translocations3

Genes16

Second chromosome1

Deletions5

Genome6

Polymorphisms6

Pericentric inversions3

Paracentric inversions2

Polymorphic inversions2

Recombination12

Duplications2

Meiosis2

Human chromosome1

Mutations4

Breakpoints3

Homologous1

Species14

Variants1

Drosophila3

Deletion1

Breakpoint5

Segments1

Populations8

Centromeres1

Sequence2

Aberrations2

Divergence1

Haplotypes2

Hybrids3

Differentiation3

Abnormality3

Phenotype1

Derivative2

Morphological1

Xq282

Occur1

Robertsonian1

Molecular4

Gambiae1

Polymorphism1

Preferential1

Cytogenetically1

Heterozygous1

Humans2

Rearrangements2

Males2

Abnormalities1

Substitution3

Translocation1

Sequences1

Infertile2

Fluorescent1

Gene Expression1

Downstream1

Meiotic drive1