Sexes research sex factors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Sex differences in psychology are differences in the mental functions and behaviors of the sexes and are due to a complex interplay of biological, developmental, and cultural factors. (wikipedia.org)
Psychological sex differences refer to emotional, motivational, or cognitive differences between the sexes. (wikipedia.org)
Beliefs about sex differences have likely existed throughout history. (wikipedia.org)
Two of his later books, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871) and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) explore the subject of psychological differences between the sexes. (wikipedia.org)
In 1966, The Development of Sex Differences was published by Eleanor E Maccoby. (wikipedia.org)
In 1974, The Psychology of Sex Differences was published. (wikipedia.org)
The Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) announces the availability of administrative supplements to support research highlighting the impact of sex/gender differences (or similarities) and/or sex and gender factors in human health and illness, including basic, preclinical, clinical and behavioral studies. (nih.gov)
5 Differences between the sexes appear nonexistent. (cmaj.ca)
The Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences program is a signature program of the Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH). (nih.gov)
Each SCORE program serves as a national resource for translational research, at multiple levels of analysis, to identify the role of biological sex differences on the health of women. (nih.gov)
SCORE investigators provide leadership in the development and promotion of standards and policies for the consideration of sex as a biological variable (SABV) and sex differences in biomedical research. (nih.gov)
The current SCORE U54 program leverages over 15 years of our prior investment to create a disease-agnostic research program focused on sex differences and major medical conditions affecting women in the U.S. The former Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) P50 program funded established scientists at centers across the country, with support from our NIH Institute and Center (IC) partners. (nih.gov)
Basic, clinical, and translational research approaches led to seminal contributions to the study of sex differences related to women's health. (nih.gov)
The current ORWH SCORE program remains the only NIH centers program supporting disease-agnostic research on sex differences. (nih.gov)
ORWH published the Specialized Centers of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences (U54 Clinical Trial Optional) request for applications (RFA), RFA-OD-18-004 , in fiscal year (FY) 2018 and funded six new awards. (nih.gov)
The Career Enhancement Core is a new feature of the program whose goal is to support pilot research and train the next generation of scientists in the study of sex differences. (nih.gov)
As NIH-supported Centers of Excellence, the SCORE program's centers provide leadership and serve as a resource in the development and promotion of standards and policies for the consideration of sex differences in biomedical research. (nih.gov)
The Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS) SCORE is advancing our understanding of stress exposures and neural regulation of reproductive aging health outcomes, and catalyzing growth of translational women's health and sex-differences research in aging women. (nih.gov)
However, electoral realities demand that scholars studying political behavior pay attention to sex based differences in political preferences. (rowman.com)
Sex-specific differences in means and possibly variances may therefore play a key role in the POLS framework. (springer.com)
Breeding strategy did not influence sex differences in variances or means. (springer.com)
We discuss our results in the light of sex-specific selection that might drive sex-specific differences in pace-of-life and ultimately POLS. (springer.com)

Specifically, researchers and theorists take different perspectives on how much of gender is due to biological, neurochemical, and evolutionary factors (nature), or is the result of culture and socialization (nurture). (wikipedia.org)
Gender is generally conceived as a set of characteristics or traits that are associated with a certain biological sex (male or female). (wikipedia.org)
In some cultures, gender is not always conceived as binary, or strictly linked to biological sex. (wikipedia.org)
Identifying the contributions of biological sex can assist in understanding the diversity of health outcomes and how this knowledge can be applied to the development of the next generation of interventions and medical treatments leading to improvements in women's health. (nih.gov)
Caughell finds that political knowledge - measured by survey questions and biological factors - is the driving force in shaping foreign policy gender gaps. (rowman.com)
Drawing on research that shows that biology and environment reciprocally shape one another rather than being distinct or opposed, Caughell develops and tests a theoretical framework that social scientists can use to explore how social and biological factors together, in concert and over time, give form to the gender gap in different issue domains. (rowman.com)

Prehypertension (preHTN) and hypertension (HTN) are modifiable risk factors that could lead to mortality by coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke in populations of both sexes [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

In 1978 Women and sex roles: A social psychological perspective was published, one of the first textbooks on the psychology behind women and sex roles. (wikipedia.org)
This study used thematic analysis to assess family roles in talk with teens about sex and relationships among a sample of 39 adult extended family members (such as aunts and uncles, and older siblings and cousins) in the United States. (mdpi.com)

Findings identify variation in how family members interact with adolescents and one another regarding talk about sex and relationships. (mdpi.com)
Evidence for such covariation is contradictory, possibly because systematic sources of variation (e.g. sex) have been neglected. (springer.com)

This book went into what factors influence a child's gender development, with contributors proposing the effects of hormones, social learning, and cognitive development in respective chapters. (wikipedia.org)
The book proposed that the social environment a child grows up in is more important in determining gender than the genetic factors he or she inherits. (wikipedia.org)
The majority of Money's theories regarding the importance of socialization in the determination of gender have come under intense criticism, especially in connection with the inaccurate reporting of success in the infant sex reassignment of David Reimer. (wikipedia.org)
These NIH-supported Centers of Excellence are vital hubs for research on sex and gender that also provide pilot funding, training, and education. (nih.gov)
The Political Battle of the Sexes: Exploring the Sources of Gender Gaps in Policy Preferences examines gender gaps in policy preferences in the United States, outlines their form, and explores their causes. (rowman.com)
And while explaining their causes requires drawing from a wide array of fields, ranging from biology to economics, understanding the origins and consequences of gender gaps does much to further empirical research in public opinion and mass behavior. (rowman.com)
Caughell ' s analysis provides a more complex understanding of gender gap politics, opening up opportunities for a wide range of future research. (rowman.com)

A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)

sex based comparisons of pathophysiology, biomarkers, gene expression, clinical presentation and prevention and treatment of diseases The proposed research must address at least one objective from Goals 1 through 3 of the NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research . (nih.gov)

In this study, we examined the occurrence of and the factors associated with nonfatal overdoses within a Canadian sample of illicit opioid users not enrolled in treatment at the time of study recruitment. (cmaj.ca)
The objective of this study is to evaluate emergent anthropometric indices as predictors of preHTN and HTN according to age and sex in a sample of Mexican adults. (hindawi.com)
In addition, we test whether social and environmental characteristics such as breeding strategy, mating system, and study environment explain heterogeneity between the sexes. (springer.com)
Phenotypic variances were similar between the sexes across trait categories and were not affected by mating system or study environment. (springer.com)

A few dozen types can be passed sexually to infect the genital and anal area of both sexes. (paranoiamagazine.com)

Women comprise a very diverse group, and are divided by far more factors than the sex categorization that unites them. (rowman.com)

Talk with parents and extended family about sex and relationships can support adolescents' sexual health. (mdpi.com)

2 In his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, Charles Darwin proposed that, like physical traits, psychological traits evolve through the process of sexual selection:[verification needed] In the distant future I see open fields for far more important researches. (wikipedia.org)
The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex includes 70 pages on sexual selection in human evolution, some of which concerns psychological traits. (wikipedia.org)

Previous research has indicated that most illicit drug users experience nonfatal overdoses and has suggested a variety of factors that are associated with risk of overdose. (cmaj.ca)

The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. (mdpi.com)

Analyses identified four themes in sexuality communication that address: why adolescents talk to extended family about sex and relationships, family engagement in these conversations, consistency of family messages, and family communication about adolescents. (mdpi.com)

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. (mdpi.com)

Research has identified a variety of risk factors for overdose. (cmaj.ca)

We found that a diverse set of factors was associated with overdose episodes. (cmaj.ca)

Similarly, the presence of HTN is described as a risk factor most significantly correlated with strokes in the world population, as well as a related factor to the increased incidence of stroke in the young population [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Each SCORE program has three highly integrated, synergistic research projects and an administrative core. (nih.gov)

22 , 23 , 24 There is evidence of a relation between poverty and overdose, 19 , 25 , 26 and injection in public places (which is indicative of poor housing) is a risk factor for overdose. (cmaj.ca)
Why haven't physicians informed the public about the sex connection to cancer? (paranoiamagazine.com)
Vaccine makers would like the public to believe that HPV is spread only through sex. (paranoiamagazine.com)

Sex remains one of the most salient demographic dividing points in American politics today. (rowman.com)

Dr. Nancy Lane heads up a SCOR on Sex Differences in Musculoskeletal Conditions focusing on sex differences and medical conditions affecting women. (nih.gov)
NIAMS partners with ORWH to support a SCOR on Sex Differences in Musculoskeletal Conditions across the Lifespan directed by Dr. Nancy Lane at the University of California, Davis. (nih.gov)
This SCOR is an innovative interdisciplinary research program focusing on sex differences and major medical conditions affecting women. (nih.gov)
The Center will conduct research to characterize sex differences related to osteoporosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, and kyphosis. (nih.gov)
and epigenetic processes ( Nugent and McCarthy 2011 ) have been proposed as potential explanations for sex-related differences in behavior and risk of developmental disabilities. (nih.gov)
Sex differences in psychology are differences in the mental functions and behaviors of the sexes and are due to a complex interplay of biological, developmental, and cultural factors. (wikipedia.org)
Psychological sex differences refer to emotional, motivational, or cognitive differences between the sexes. (wikipedia.org)
Beliefs about sex differences have likely existed throughout history. (wikipedia.org)
Two of his later books, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871) and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) explore the subject of psychological differences between the sexes. (wikipedia.org)
In 1966, The Development of Sex Differences was published by Eleanor E Maccoby. (wikipedia.org)
In 1974, The Psychology of Sex Differences was published. (wikipedia.org)
Pakistan, however, presents an unusual pattern of sex differences in tuberculosis notifications. (who.int)
Large variations in female to male smear-positive notification ratios in different settings across a single country may indicate that environmental factors, rather than endogenous biological factors, are important in influencing the observed sex differences in tuberculosis notifications. (who.int)
The Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) announces the availability of administrative supplements to support research highlighting the impact of sex/gender differences (or similarities) and/or sex and gender factors in human health and illness, including basic, preclinical, clinical and behavioral studies. (nih.gov)
However, research is warranted since there are significant sex differences in the clinical presentation of MDD and a higher rate of suicide in depressed men. (frontiersin.org)
In response to sad relative to neutral distractors, significant sex differences (in the supramarginal gyrus) and group-by-sex interactions (in the supramarginal gyrus and the posterior cingulate cortex) were found. (frontiersin.org)
Possible explanations for sex differences in the incidence of adolescent MDD include: girls having more negative thinking styles, ruminating on interpersonal and body image events, having greater hormone fluctuations, reporting more negative events and sexual abuse, a higher vulnerability to inflammation ( 2 ), and estrogen-induced stress response enhancement of the prefrontal cortex ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Significant sex differences have been found in the cognitive control of emotion ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Taken together, exploration of cognitive control, and especially of emotional cognitive control, might facilitate an understanding of sex differences in MDD. (frontiersin.org)
5. Four visualizations of sex differences/similarities. (researchgate.net)
This chapter offers a concise, systematic introduction to quantification in sex differences research. (researchgate.net)
The chapter reviews the main methods used to measure sex differences and similarities, including standardized distances (Cohen's d and Mahalanobis' D), indices of overlap, variance ratios, and tail ratios. (researchgate.net)
2012). Be as it may, the conclusion that most sex differences are trivial to small struck a chord, and the paper has become a standard reference in the literature on gender stereotypes (e.g. (researchgate.net)

The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex includes 70 pages on sexual selection in human evolution, some of which concerns psychological traits. (wikipedia.org)
The chapter ends with a consideration of the current state of the field, its future prospects, and suggestions to limit the growing influence of ideological bias in relation to sex and gender. (researchgate.net)

In underscoring the critical roles that NHP models play in NIH-funded brain research, the speaker will also present examples of male and female NHP sample sizes from selected basic, technology development, and translational neuroscience studies published in 2023. (nih.gov)
[3] Examples of administrative sex segregation include sex segregation in government sponsored medical research, sports leagues, public hospitals with shared rooms, rehabilitation programs, and some public education facilities. (wikipedia.org)
It's clear that same-sex sexual behavior extends far beyond the well-known examples that dominate both the scientific and popular literature: for example, bonobos, dolphins, penguins and fruit flies," said Nathan Bailey, the first author of the review paper and a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Biology at UC Riverside. (sciencedaily.com)

Discusses what has been discovered about the genetics of same-sex behavior, especially in the model organism, the fruit fly Drosophila, and in human beings. (sciencedaily.com)

Same-sex behavior is a nearly universal phenomenon in the animal kingdom, common across species, from worms to frogs to birds, concludes a new review of existing research. (sciencedaily.com)
Published June 16 in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution , the review by Bailey and Marlene Zuk, a professor of biology at UCR, also finds that although many studies are performed in the context of understanding the evolutionary origins of same-sex sexual behavior, almost none have considered its evolutionary consequences. (sciencedaily.com)
Same-sex behavior radically changes those social circumstances, for example, by removing some individuals from the pool of animals available for mating. (sciencedaily.com)
But like any other behavior that doesn't lead directly to reproduction-such as aggression or altruism-same-sex behavior can have evolutionary consequences that are just now beginning to be considered," he said. (sciencedaily.com)
Examines work done to test hypotheses about the origins of same-sex behavior in animals. (sciencedaily.com)
Bailey recommends that fellow evolutionary biologists studying same-sex behavior in animals adopt some of the research approaches that have been successful in human studies. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists have also targeted locations on the human genome that may contribute to sexual orientation, but aside from the fruit fly, we have no such detailed knowledge of the genetic architecture of same-sex behavior in other animals. (sciencedaily.com)

The review also reports that same-sex behaviors are not the same across species, and that researchers may be calling qualitatively different phenomena by the same name. (sciencedaily.com)
Same-sex behaviors-courtship, mounting or parenting-are traits that may have been shaped by natural selection, a basic mechanism of evolution that occurs over successive generations," Bailey said. (sciencedaily.com)
But our review of studies also suggests that these same-sex behaviors might act as selective forces in and of themselves. (sciencedaily.com)
Bailey, who works in Zuk's lab, noted that researchers in the field have made significant strides in the past two and a half decades studying the genetic and neural mechanisms that produce same-sex behaviors in individuals, and the ultimate reasons for their existence in populations. (sciencedaily.com)
The reviewers expected the research papers they read for their article would give them a better understanding of the degree to which same-sex behaviors are heritable in animals. (sciencedaily.com)
How important are genes to the expression of these behaviors, compared to environmental factors? (sciencedaily.com)

This chapter discusses the influence of ideological bias in the psychological study of sex and gender, with a focus on academic psychology. (researchgate.net)

Sex segregation can occur in both public and private contexts, and be classified in many ways. (wikipedia.org)
Mandatory sex segregation can thus dictate parameters for employment in sex segregated spaces, including medical and care work contexts, and can be a form of occupational segregation . (wikipedia.org)

But that is very different from male bottlenose dolphins, who engage in same-sex interactions to facilitate group bonding, or female Laysan Albatross that can remain pair-bonded for life and cooperatively rear young. (sciencedaily.com)

Through this partnership, the ORWH established Specialized Centers of Research (SCORs) to promote institutional interdisciplinary research in an area important to women's health. (nih.gov)
In cancer research, an immense amount of interdisciplinary information has already been gathered over the decades. (mdpi.com)

This book went into what factors influence a child's gender development, with contributors proposing the effects of hormones, social learning, and cognitive development in respective chapters. (wikipedia.org)

Future research may consider altered developmental trajectories and the possible implications of sex-specific treatment and prevention strategies for MDD. (frontiersin.org)

In simulations, sex-specific exposure effects estimated using the traditional product term approach were biased when confounders had sex-dependent associations with the outcome. (nih.gov)
When an ED is thought to interfere with the synthesis, activity, or elimination of sex hormones or other hormones involved in sexually dimorphic biologic processes (e.g., thyroid), researchers routinely employ statistical methods to assess whether the relationship between the ED and health outcome differs by the sex of the individual. (nih.gov)
[3] The term "segregation" refers to separation of the sexes, which can be enforced by rules, laws, and policies, or be a de facto outcome in which people are separated by sex. (wikipedia.org)

The following sections provide a survey of recent introductory textbooks and generalist journals, as well as a historical overview of sex and gender in psychology from the late nineteenth century to the present day. (researchgate.net)

2 In his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, Charles Darwin proposed that, like physical traits, psychological traits evolve through the process of sexual selection:[verification needed] In the distant future I see open fields for far more important researches. (wikipedia.org)

The book proposed that the social environment a child grows up in is more important in determining gender than the genetic factors he or she inherits. (wikipedia.org)
The genetic risk for MDD also differs strikingly between sexes with more heritability in women ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)

The more radical project of disrupting the 'sex binary' started in the 1970s and was still underway in the 1990s (e.g. (researchgate.net)

ORWH works in partnership with the NIH institutes and centers, and other federal agencies to ensure that women's health research is part of the scientific framework at NIH and throughout the scientific community. (nih.gov)
sex based comparisons of pathophysiology, biomarkers, gene expression, clinical presentation and prevention and treatment of diseases The proposed research must address at least one objective from Goals 1 through 3 of the NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research . (nih.gov)

Examines connections between human sexual orientation research, and research on non-human animals, and highlights promising avenues of research in non-human systems. (sciencedaily.com)

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. (mdpi.com)

It suggests that behind the finding is a complex web of factors including anxiety. (dailymail.co.uk)

In organisms with X and Y chromosomes, gene expression must be equalized between the sexes. (nature.com)

[10] If sex segregation is a form of sex discrimination, its effects have important consequences for gender equality and equity . (wikipedia.org)

Investigators should consider sexual heterogeneity of confounder associations when choosing an analytic approach to estimate sex-specific effects of endocrine disruptors on health. (nih.gov)
Research on health effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDs) has increased rapidly in the last decade. (nih.gov)
Their presentations will discuss applications of rodent metabolic phenotyping with a focus on the effects of sex, diet, and energy budgets. (sablesys.com)

In terms of other risk factors, social stress is closely related to female MDD, whereas low self-esteem is more likely to be related to male MDD ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Consequently, research into MDD occurring at this early stage of adolescence avoids these complicating social factors. (frontiersin.org)
In a never-ending pursuit to understand individual criminality and how various social factors encourage or inhibit criminal activity, criminologists developed the concept of criminal careers [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)

The researchers concluded that it is important to monitor and treat both mental and physical health symptoms, and that future research should focus on the collection of data that reflects the educational, gender, and racial/ethnic diversity of people with Rheumatoid Arthritis. (ahrq.gov)
Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. (mdpi.com)

In other circumstances, sex segregation can be controversial. (wikipedia.org)

This talk will review the scientific case for SABV, what it is, what it is not, and the expanding impact of SABV on biomedical and biobehavioral research. (nih.gov)
Scientific and resource issues to justify single-sex studies. (nih.gov)
Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. (intechopen.com)

Most other research into sexual desire has relied on animal models or people being treated for abnormal hormonal levels. (dailymail.co.uk)
The research has been published online in the journal Archives of Sexual Behaviour. (dailymail.co.uk)

It summarizes NIH's expectation that SABV will be factored into research designs, analyses, and reporting in vertebrate animal and human studies. (nih.gov)
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers. (ahrq.gov)

People have argued that sex research focuses too much on dysfunction and pharmaceutical treatment as opposed to questions like pleasure or relationships or stress. (dailymail.co.uk)

Sex segregation can refer simply to the physical and spatial separation by sex without any connotation of illegal discrimination . (wikipedia.org)
[4] Sex segregation can refer to literal physical and spatial separation by sex. (wikipedia.org)
In the United States some scholars use the term sex separation and not sex segregation . (wikipedia.org)
Mandatory sex segregation is legally required and enforces separation based on sex. (wikipedia.org)

In the presence of sex-dependent confounding, our augmented product term approach may be advantageous over stratification when there is prior knowledge available to fit reduced models or when investigators seek an automated test for effect measure modification. (nih.gov)

Anatomy7

Organisms5

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment52

Psychiatry and Psychology28

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations24

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena20

Humanities6

Information Science18

Named Groups9

Health Care66

Geographicals6

Differences22

Biological6

Populations1

Roles2

Variation2

Gender7

Approaches1

Clinical1

Study4

AREA1

Women1

Support1

Selection2

Experience1

Journal1

Communication1

Field1

Risk factors1

Found1

Stroke1

Administrative1

Public3

Remains1

Differences23

Relation to Sex2

Examples3

Genetics1

Behavior7

Behaviors6

Bias1

Contexts2

Interactions1

Interdisciplinary2

Cognitive1

Developmental1

Outcome3

Psychology1

Psychological1

Genetic2

Binary1

Women's health research2

Examines1

Significant1

Suggests1

Gene expression1

Consequences1

Effects3

Social3

Important2

Circumstances1

Scientific3

Sexual2

Studies2

Treatment1

Separation4

Measure1