Severe 1988 communicable diseases emerging. Medical search. Frequent questions

At this stage in the associated epidemiological transition, the country is facing the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. (bmj.com)
With the change in epidemiological shift, India is witnessing simultaneous manifestation of double burden of communicable and noncommunicable disease with a challenging and daunting task for stakeholders to identify issues, resolve conflict, mobilize resources, and overcome situation with innovative solution and strategies. (ijsocialrehab.com)

He was Director of the Biostatistics Laboratory at the University of Paris 7 (1974-1981), the Inserm Research Unit 263 "Biomathematics and Biostatistics" (1981-1995), the Cooperative Data Centre on the Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency (1988-1991), the Inserm Research Unit 444 "Epidemiology and Information Sciences" from 1995 to 2004. (wikipedia.org)
All confirmed cases are reported to the Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control (FCCDC). (who.int)
The proper officers are required weekly to inform the Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Infections (CfI) of the details of each case of each disease that has been notified. (pocketdentistry.com)

Although coxsackievirus A16 has historically been the primary etiologic agent of HFMD in the United States, CVA6 has emerged as the cause in many recently reported outbreaks ( 1 - 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Infectious disease epidemics are a constant threat, and while we can strengthen preparedness in advance, inevitably, we will sometimes be caught unaware by novel outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)
The need and ability to conduct clinical research during infectious disease outbreaks to inform current and future responses is gaining acceptance as a core pillar of outbreak response [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To address this, we developed and piloted a transparent and replicable protocol for carrying out a rapid research needs appraisal (RRNA), within 5 days in response to (re-) emerging outbreaks globally. (biomedcentral.com)
2 Dengue has emerged as a significant public health problem in Pacific island countries, including Fiji, causing large outbreaks in recent years. (who.int)
Since 1988, outbreaks have occurred with increasing frequency, with six major outbreaks reported between 1998 and 2017. (who.int)
In 2013, dengue serotype-3 virus (DENV-3) re-emerged in the South Pacific after 18 years, causing concurrent outbreaks in several Pacific island countries. (who.int)
Background: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic illness responsible for disease outbreaks across West Africa. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

Since 1987, the National Academy of Science's Institute of Medicine has published three reports, each of which documents, from different perspectives, the urgent need to improve our ability to identify infectious disease threats and respond to them effectively. (cdc.gov)
Guidance was subsequently obtained at a meeting of infectious disease and public health experts in Atlanta in March 1993 and at a meeting of state and territorial public health epidemiologists, laboratory directors, and veterinarians in Minneapolis in June 1993. (cdc.gov)
As the Nation's Prevention Agency, CDC looks forward to working with its many partners to address the challenges of emerging infectious disease threats. (cdc.gov)
The case of the bioterrorism agent smallpox, a severe and often fatal infectious disease, illustrates how uninsurance may contribute to current weaknesses in emergency preparedness. (nationalacademies.org)
These problems have been both a direct result of conflict (largely in the form of combat casualties) and indirect (e.g. the destruction of infrastructure affecting the ability of hospitals to keep working, increased prevalence of water-borne diseases as a result of disruption to the water supply, refugee flows leading to the spread of infectious disease or the overburdening of public health systems). (aber.ac.uk)
In the nineteenth century, as trade between Europe and the rest of the world increased, so did the risk of infectious disease being brought into Europe from elsewhere. (aber.ac.uk)
The number of deaths in the West from infectious diseases fell dramatically in the early decades following the Second World War, while in the late 1960s for the first time in history a major infectious disease, smallpox, was effectively eradicated. (aber.ac.uk)
Two examples of this are the 1999 US National Intelligence Estimate on the global threat of infectious disease to the United States, and the January 2000 meeting of the UN Security Council on HIV/AIDS. (aber.ac.uk)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D. Director Centers for Disease Control and Prevention --- Executive Summary "Ingenuity, knowledge, and organization alter but cannot cancel humanity's vulnerability to invasion by parasitic forms of life. (cdc.gov)
Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)/James Archer. (medscape.com)
From the Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. (cdc.gov)
Address reprint requests to Mailstop E-69, Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333. (cdc.gov)
To assist hospitals in maintaining up-to-date isolation practices, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (1) (HICPAC) have revised the 'CDC Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals. (cdc.gov)
Since the HIV virus was first diagnosed in the United States in 1982, an estimated 929,985 individuals have been infected with the virus (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2004). (bvsalud.org)

The diseases concerned are in particular influenza (monitored, as well as other health indicators, by the Sentinel network he created in 1984) and frequent communicable diseases in children, AIDS and viral hepatitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). (wikipedia.org)
Notification of a number of specified infectious diseases is required in UK under the Public Health (Infectious Diseases) 1988 Act and the Public Health (Control of Diseases) 1984 Act. (pocketdentistry.com)

Dengue is one of the most common vector-borne diseases of public health importance globally. (who.int)
The disease is endemic in more than 100 countries, 1 and it is estimated that 390 million dengue infections occur annually. (who.int)
Dengue and chikungunya in our backyard: preventing Aedes mosquito-borne diseases. (medscape.com)

The disease is most prevalent in the tropical rainforests of West and Central Africa. (mdpi.com)
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases and affects more than 60% of individuals over 60 years of age. (bvsalud.org)

Further work is required in countries to integrate dementia into broader noncommunicable diseases programmes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. (who.int)

By 1988 GDP per capita totaled 3,510 US dollars. (casi.org.uk)
The relationship between community public health, behavioral health service accessibility, and mass incarceration Niloofar Ramezani et al, July, 2022 "In this study, one county-level health factor emerged as important factor influencing per capita jail population: more physically unhealthy days within the past 30 days predicted a higher per capita jail population. (prisonpolicy.org)

The purpose of the ITFDE was to establish criteria and apply them systematically to evaluate the potential eradicability of other diseases in the aftermath of the Smallpox Eradication Program. (cdc.gov)
The successful eradication of smallpox in 1977 and the ongoing campaigns to eradicate dracunculiasis by 1995 and poliomyelitis by 2000 should ensure that eradication of selected diseases will continue to be used as a powerful tool of international public health. (cdc.gov)

In holoendemic transmission areas, SMA is the primary clinical manifestation of severe childhood malaria, with cerebral malaria occurring only in rare cases. (ijbs.com)
Since the vast majority of the morbidity and mortality occurs in immune-naïve African children less than five years of age, with SMA as the primary manifestation of severe disease, this review will focus primarily on the innate immune mechanisms that govern malaria pathogenesis in this group of individuals. (ijbs.com)
Malaria due to P. vivax , P. ovale and P. malariae is less severe than that experienced by P. falciparum infections and collectively, these three species account for slightly less than 10% of the worldwide malaria cases [ 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
These include long-established diseases such as malaria and TB as well as new diseases such as SARS and H5N1, which threaten to become global pandemics with the potential to kill millions in a relatively short space of time. (aber.ac.uk)
4] Because malaria is not a communicable disease spread person-to-person, reports of malaria are not requested by CDC Quarantine Stations. (micrornaarray.com)
10] If a returning traveler (who truly had severe malaria) presented to an emergency department 2 weeks after returning from travel, a diagnosis of renal failure might be made based on creatinine levels. (micrornaarray.com)

Since the 1980s, he has been developing information systems and statistical or computer models to describe, model, detect in real time and predict the dynamics of epidemics, particularly emerging diseases. (wikipedia.org)

and global surveillance for emerging infections is vital to public health. (cdc.gov)
and the Director, National Center for Infectious Diseases, regarding the practice of hospital infection control and strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of nosocomial infections in US hospitals. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: These maps act as a spatial guide for future surveillance activities to better characterise the geo- graphical distribution of the disease and understand the anthropological, virological and zoological interactions necessary for viral transmission. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Social listening is like a disease surveillance system, but instead of the virus, we track and analyze misinformation. (polioeradication.org)
Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to person or from animal to man. (lookformedical.com)

Various antimicrobial agents are effective in the treatment of shigellosis, although options are becoming limited because of globally emerging drug resistance. (medscape.com)
It is an underrecognized yet relatively common and severe mental disorder that occurs globally. (ijsocialrehab.com)

The pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection, the growing emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms and the evolving public health threats from known and unknown disease pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and viral haemorrgahic fevers, have underscored the urgency of the need for organization and implementation of infection prevention and control programmes in health care in coherence with other public health services and interventions. (who.int)
See Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease and Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C for information on these viral infections. (medscape.com)
Monkeypox (MPX) is a relatively unknown and minor resurgent viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). (mdpi.com)

This pilot study shows that it is feasible to carry out a systematic RRNA within 5 days in response to a (re-) emerging outbreak to identify gaps in existing evidence, as long as sufficient resources are identified, and reviewers are experienced and trained in advance. (biomedcentral.com)
The first MPXV outbreak was recorded in a monkey during 1958 as a small pox-like disease causing flu-like symptoms, such as chills and fever, as well as a rash, and the first MPXV case in a human was in a 9-month-old child in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 1 September 1970. (mdpi.com)

Although a disease itself may remain, a particularly undesirable clinical manifestation of it may be prevented entirely. (cdc.gov)

The objective of this paper is to draw attention to the hitherto unrecognized public health problem emerging from health care-associated infections in the Region and provide evidence that a considerable proportion of the burden of disease attributable to health care-associated infections can be prevented with low-cost interventions. (who.int)
The current global evidence clearly demonstrates that a considerable proportion of the burden of disease attributable to health care-associated infections can be prevented with low-cost interventions. (who.int)
Our vulnerability to emerging infections was dramatically demonstrated in 1993. (cdc.gov)
Herpesviruses establish latent permanent infections in their hosts, although clinical signs of disease may not be detected. (medscape.com)
diseases, it has been used from time immemorial for the treatment of carcinogenic infections. (researchwap.com)
These observations have led to a surge of epidemiological and basic research studies examining the effects of vitamin D on immune responses, lung infections and the development of lung diseases. (vitamindwiki.com)
As well as notifications of the infectious diseases specified below, the 2010 regulations also require GMPs to notify cases of 'other infections or of contamination which they believe present, or could present, a significant risk to human health', e.g. emerging or new infections, or cases of contamination (such as with chemicals or radiation) - particularly if there is a risk of transmission to others. (pocketdentistry.com)

This report summarizes the conclusions of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication (ITFDE), a group of scientists who were convened by a secretariat at the Carter Center of Emory University six times during 1989-1992. (cdc.gov)
This issue of MMWR Recommendations and Reports consolidates the deliberations of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication (ITFDE), which was convened six times from 1989 through 1992 to evaluate diseases as potential candidates for global eradication (1-7). (cdc.gov)
Development of this plan began in December 1992 at a meeting of the Board of Scientific Counselors of CDC's National Center for Infectious Diseases. (cdc.gov)

In that year alone, between 2.5 million and 3.5 million were believed to have died from AIDS-related illnesses, while an additional 4.3 million people had been infected with the disease. (aber.ac.uk)
Moreover, HIV/AIDS is only one of a number of communicable diseases, many of which are preventable, which each year kill millions of people. (aber.ac.uk)

Foodborne diseases affect human health and cause significant economic loss. (scirp.org)
Among the proposed mitigating strategies to prevent, or at least, to reduce foodborne diseases were the enactment and proper enforcement of food legislation. (scirp.org)
Therefore, it was high time to re-evaluate the impact of the food law on the pattern of foodborne diseases. (scirp.org)
The aim of this study was to evaluate how the introduction of the Mauritian food legislation had influenced the pattern of foodborne diseases and its suitability in recent years. (scirp.org)
Results showed that more foodborne disease cases occurred during enforcement of the food legislation than before. (scirp.org)
Furthermore, several strengths and weaknesses were identified in the current legislation related to the risk of foodborne diseases. (scirp.org)
This review showed that overall foodborne diseases in Mauritius increased and were not affected by the food law enforcement. (scirp.org)
Therefore, a revision of the law and its enforcement is necessary to make them more efficient in preventing foodborne diseases. (scirp.org)
Foodborne diseases can be defined as those conditions, which are usually communicated through consumption of food. (scirp.org)

The ITFDE defined eradication as 'reduction of the worldwide incidence of a disease to zero as a result of deliberate efforts, obviating the necessity for further control measures. (cdc.gov)
An important part of the work was to help identify key impediments to improved prevention and control of the diseases under discussion, even if the disease was not considered to have potential as a candidate for eradication. (cdc.gov)
Between the extremes of disease 'control' (reduction in incidence and/or prevalence) and 'eradication,' several intermediate levels of impact on diseases may be described. (cdc.gov)
The propaganda in favour of immunization has won the minds of the masses and has influenced medical thinking, and government and international measures, relating to disease control. (whale.to)
An improved understanding of the etiological basis of suppression of erythropoietic responses in children with SMA may offer the much needed therapeutic alternatives for control of this global disease burden. (ijbs.com)
Although the recommendations pertain to the United States, they might be adaptable for use in other countries that adhere to guidelines issued by the World Health Organization, the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and national TB control programs. (cdc.gov)
Registered general medical practitioners (GMPs) in England and Wales have 'a statutory duty to notify a "proper officer" of the Local Authority of suspected cases of certain infectious diseases' - usually the consultant in communicable disease control (CCDC). (pocketdentistry.com)
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates an additional 180,000 to 280,000 people have HIV and do not know they have the disease or are hesitant about seeking medical assistance. (bvsalud.org)
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and European Center for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) for their contribution of experts and expertise. (who.int)

Additionally, hypertension is a prominent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). (bvsalud.org)
METHODS: Data from KardioVize 2030, a population-based study (n = 1988), was used to determine the association between the body composition parameters related to both fat and water content with hypertension. (bvsalud.org)

These successes prompted the US Surgeon General in the late 1960s to declare (perhaps apocryphally) that communicable disease had been conquered, at least for the West. (aber.ac.uk)
Different versions of methamphetamine became popular in the 1960s, and "ice," a smokable derivative, emerged in the late 1980s in Hawaii. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Lawson and colleagues reported that based on 3 years of data captured by the Quarantine Activity and Reporting System (QARS), vaccine-preventable and tropical diseases are not major causes of death in international travelers Vemurafenib ic50 arriving in the United States. (micrornaarray.com)

MS = A plant genus of the family ULMACEAE that is susceptible to Dutch elm disease which is caused by the ASCOMYCOTA fungus, Ophiostoma. (doctorinternet.com)

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. (lookformedical.com)

The protagonist Gustav Von Aschenbach's journey into Venice and contracting cholera ultimately establishes the threat of any contact with the "other" due to the "disease burden" 2 that becomes a "symbolic register" to facilitate colonialism and suggests a fear of contact with the "othered" body. (openedition.org)
Disease was viewed as an exogenous threat which had to be dealt with by means of international cooperation and the introduction of internationally agreed health regulations. (aber.ac.uk)

Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals. (medscape.com)

The results of this study, indicating an equal prevalence of thinness and overweight in an urban area and their association with age, level of education, and tobacco use raise concerns of an emerging public health crisis in urban India. (bmj.com)

It is also theoretically possible to 'eliminate' a disease in humans while the microbe remains at large, as in the case of neonatal tetanus, for which the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1989 declared a goal of global elimination by 1995. (cdc.gov)

The branch of medicine concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, common in tropical and subtropical regions. (lookformedical.com)

Wilhelmsen L, Ko¨ster M, Harmsen P, and Lappas G (2005) Differences between coronary disease and stroke in incidence, case fatality, and Citations risk factors, but few differences in risk factors for fatal and non-fatal events. (cdc.gov)

The second argument stems from the epidemiological differences between the two diseases. (historycooperative.org)

Travel histories collected in a clinical setting for treatment are often not collected at all or are incomplete,[9] which can limit a systematic collection of epidemiologic data related to severe travel-related illnesses. (micrornaarray.com)

Preventing infectious diseases must be a high priority in a reformed health care system and requires close cooperation between clinicians and public health professionals. (cdc.gov)

World health report 1996: fighting disease, fostering development [press kit]. (medscape.com)
The Committee hypothesizes that this may result from both the burden of disease related to the poorer health of uninsured community members and from spillover effects that can affect the insured as well as the uninsured. (nationalacademies.org)
Although it is easier to detect the impacts of high uninsurance on a community's health care providers and resources than on the health of a community's population, community-wide health effects can be inferred from studies of access, utilization, and disease incidence. (nationalacademies.org)
Both types of responses weaken the ability of local health departments to respond to emergencies, particularly involving the spread of communicable diseases. (nationalacademies.org)
The Center was established in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1988 under a grant which the International Chemical Workers Union (ICWU) received from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences to provide training for hazardous waste and emergency response workers. (cloudaccess.net)
Aspects of health and disease related to travel. (lookformedical.com)
Type 2 diabetes has also emerged as a serious health concern in Mexico and other parts of Latin America. (ucanr.edu)
Conflicts pose new challenges for health systems, requiring rapid and practical approaches to meet emerging needs on the ground. (biomedcentral.com)

Despite historical predictions to the contrary, we remain vulnerable to a wide array of new and resurgent infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)

The two diseases were radically different in their signs, symptoms, and epidemiologies. (historycooperative.org)

Established in 2009, the Registry collects data on ALS patients in the U.S. to better describe the epidemiology of ALS, examine risk factors such as environmental and occupational exposures, and characterize the demographics of those living with the disease. (cdc.gov)
Because there have been few studies to test the efficacy of isolation precautions and gaps still exist in the knowledge of the epidemiology and modes of transmission of some diseases, disagreement with some of the recommendations is expected. (cdc.gov)
Modification of the recommendations is encouraged if (1) the principles of epidemiology and disease transmission are maintained, and (2) precautions are included to interrupt spread of infection by all routes that are likely to be encountered in the hospital. (cdc.gov)

Even with all our knowledge about exercise, there is still no agreement concerning the optimal exercise intensity or prescription strategy for patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. (issuu.com)

HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)

2003) Estimation of ten-year with adverse prognosis after a stroke, and it is generally risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. (cdc.gov)
2003) European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practise. (cdc.gov)
Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, renal failure and blindness, and leads to other complications. (ucanr.edu)

Few diseases have caused so much distressing illness for centuries and claimed so many lives. (encyclopedia.com)

The disease can spread from person to person or from animal to person. (mdpi.com)
The mechanisms for this result can be as diverse as the spread of communicable diseases from unvaccinated or ill individuals and the paucity or loss of primary care service capacity as a result of physicians' location decisions, cutbacks in clinic staffing and hours, or outright closures, as described in previous chapters. (nationalacademies.org)

Meanwhile, Venezuela's economic collapse and the government's highly selective allocation of food and other essentials are causing unprecedented mass migration to the country's Latin American neighbors, with reports of severe malnutrition and deaths from starvation. (tufts.edu)
indeed, tobacco-related diseases account for more deaths each year than any other non-natural cause. (aber.ac.uk)

Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. (medscape.com)

Entire organizations were set up to study not only the disease as it affected individual patients, but its impact on the society as a whole. (encyclopedia.com)

Thomas Mann's novella, Death in Venice ( Der Tod in Venedig ) was published in 1912, and written during a time when cholera as a fatal disease had made its presence felt in Italy in 1911 and caused a series of fatalities. (openedition.org)

The most common misinformation pieces claimed that vaccines were unsafe and that they could cause other diseases. (polioeradication.org)

The Emerging Crisis: Is Famine Returning as a Major Driver of Migration? (tufts.edu)

The names of the members of the ITFDE, the criteria they developed and used, and summaries of the papers that were presented to the ITFDE by various experts are included in this report, as well as a brief history of the concept of disease eradication since the late 19th century. (cdc.gov)
Eliminating transmission of a disease may also be considered, as in the case of yaws, the late noninfectious clinical manifestations remain of which but are not a danger to others. (cdc.gov)
Diagnosis often occurs late in the disease, resulting in 10% to 40% of uncontrolled diabetes cases already having developed complications by the time of diagnosis. (ucanr.edu)

Since 1988, the number of children affected by polio has reduced by 99 per cent. (polioeradication.org)

HHV-2, also known as HSV-2, causes genital herpes and occasionally causes oral disease that is clinically similar to that of HHV-1 infection. (medscape.com)
HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. (encyclopedia.com)
Many elderly patients developed the infection some years ago when the disease was more widespread. (encyclopedia.com)
These cellular effects are important for host responses against infection and the development of allergic lung diseases like asthma. (vitamindwiki.com)

To ascertain cases not necessarily included in these databases and to better understand risk-factors associated with ALS and disease progression, the Registry also includes data collected from patients who voluntarily enroll via a web portal to complete online surveys. (cdc.gov)

Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working risk of worse outcome. (cdc.gov)
In sum, the lives and livelihood of the overwhelming majority of people on this planet are at greater risk from disease than from war, terrorism or other forms of violent conflict. (aber.ac.uk)

Diseases8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes2

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena13

Humanities2

Information Science8

Named Groups2

Health Care44

Geographicals8

Double burden of communicable2

Centre3

Outbreaks8

Infectious Disease8

Centers for Dis9

19842

Dengue3

Prevalent2

Noncommunicable1

Capita2

Smallpox2

Malaria6

Epidemics1

Surveillance5

Globally2

Viral3

Outbreak2

Manifestation1

Infections7

19923

AIDS2

Foodborne9

Control9

Hypertension2

1960s2

Preventable1

Susceptible1

Incidence of a disease1

Threat2

Pathophysiology1

Prevalence1

Humans1

Parasitic1

Coronary disease1

Epidemiological1

Illnesses1

Public health1

Health8

Resurgent1

Symptoms1

Epidemiology3

Alzheimer's1

Various diseases1

Cardiovascular Disease3

Illness1

Spread2

Deaths2

Burden of dise1

Study1

Fatal disease1

Vaccines1

Crisis1

Late3

Children1

Infection5

Cases1

Risk2