Enzymatic hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids by phospholipases produces these lipid second messengers, as well as soluble second messengers such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and also other molecules such as choline (Cho) that are released to the extracellular medium. (jneurosci.org)
The majority of cases are primary and related to auto-antibodies against podocyte antigens, most notably phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) though newer antigens continue to be discovered [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2009, we had a seminal moment when you published a manuscript in The New England Journal of Medicine describing PLA2R, phospholipase A2 receptor, as the antigen that was responsible for a majority of the cases of MN. (medscape.com)
Enzymatic1
Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) participate in a very broad spectrum of biological processes through their enzymatic activity and as ligands for membrane and soluble receptors. (ijbs.com)
Enzymes3
Excessive Ca 2 + entry through glutamate receptors activates a large array of potential neurotoxic mechanisms, which include activation of enzymes such as phospholipases, calpains and other proteases, protein kinases, nitric oxide synthetase, endonucleases, as well as reactive oxygen species (for review, see Sattler and Tymianski, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
bovine serum albumin (BSA) acts only on AA, whereas the scavenger enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the disulfide-reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) act only on ROS. (unimi.it)
Ivanušec A, Šribar J, Križaj I. Secreted Phospholipases A 2 - not just Enzymes: Revisited. (ijbs.com)
Humans1
Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPLD1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane1
Release of GPI-anchored membrane proteins by a cell-associated GPI-specific phospholipase D". The EMBO Journal. (wikipedia.org)
Concentrations4
Exposure of cortical neurons to neurotoxic concentrations of NMDA increased extracellular choline and activated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol by phospholipase A 2 but did not induce significant degradation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylserine. (jneurosci.org)
Serum containing the three subinhibitory concentrations of leaf extract was inoculated with C. albicans , incubated, and viewed under a light microscope. (hindawi.com)
This article discusses the differential diagnosis and management approach used in this setting, as well as the appropriate interpretation of antiepileptic drug serum concentrations. (researchgate.net)
Activity1
Primary structure and functional activity of a phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D". Science. (wikipedia.org)
Activation3
Phosphorylation decreases trypsin activation and apolipoprotein al binding to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D". Biochemistry and Cell Biology. (wikipedia.org)
Because ROS are generated during AA metabolism and AA can be released as a result of ROS-mediated phospholipase A(2) activation, it seems likely that their effects on uptake are mediated by a common mechanism. (unimi.it)
Interestingly, DAG to which PKD1 is recruited in this pathway is formed downstream of phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and a lipase-inactive PLD1 or inhibition of PLD1 by pharmacological inhibitors blocked PKD1 activation under oxidative stress. (biologists.com)
Reduction1
The gastric and gallbladder emptying time was reduced after long term acid inhibition by omeprazole in the treatment of reflux esophagitis combined with concomitant reduction of postprandial release of pancreatic polypeptides and normal serum VIP and CCK. (wjgnet.com)
Levels2
Apolipoprotein A1 serum levels were significantly lower in acne twins [10]. (springer.com)
2006). The serum levels of workers engaged in sealant removal were 2-10 times higher at the end of these activities than they had been one year before (Kontsas et al. (who.int)
Release1
Furthermore, a strong positive genetic interaction occurs between Gap1 and phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma), an enzyme that generates inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, a precursor for IP4 and a second messenger for intracellular Ca2+ release. (sdbonline.org)