Serine gene cancers checkpoint kinase 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BUB1B gene. (wikipedia.org)
Also known as BubR1, this protein is recognized for its mitotic roles in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and kinetochore-microtubule interactions that facilitate chromosome migration and alignment. (wikipedia.org)
These paclitaxel resistant ovarian cells demonstrate: (1) Increased IC 50 for paclitaxel and docetaxel (10 to 75-fold) and cross-resistance to anthracyclines (2) Reduced cell apoptosis in the presence of paclitaxel (3) Gene depletion involving mitotic regulators BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, cyclin BI (CCNB1), centromere protein E (CENPE), and centromere protein F (CENPF), and (4) Functional data validating gene depletion among mitotic regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
Next, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were used to further explore the biomarkers with the most interactions in gene modules. (biomedcentral.com)
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key component of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor signaling complex that regulates both pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling. (mdpi.com)
Nuclear accumulation of epidermal growth factor receptor and acceleration of G1 /S stage by Epstein Barrencoded oncop rotein latent membrane protein.Exp Cell Res 2005 303(2): 240 251. (wgzs.cn)
Comparing pan-Aurora kinase and Aurora-A targeting hints towards a strong and clinically relevant biological effect mediated via Aurora kinase B. Taken together, our findings characterize a new poor risk group in SCCHN patients defined by elevated EGFR and Aurora-A protein expression. (oncotarget.com)
Many cancers show aberrant signalling via the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, activating type 1 IGF receptors (IGF-1Rs) and variant insulin receptors (INSRs) to signal via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK-ERK) [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
We characterized the ATM protein expression in immortalized cells from AT and AT-variant patients, and heterozygotes and correlated it with two ATM-dependent radiation responses, G1 checkpoint arrest and p53-Ser 15 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
The radiation-induced phosphorylation of p53 protein at serine 15, largely mediated by ATM kinase, was defective in AT, A(-T) and in 2/4 heterozygous carriers, while the G1 cell cycle checkpoint was disrupted in all AT and A(-T) cases, and in 3/10 AT heterozygotes. (nih.gov)
Altogether, our study shows that AT and A(-T) cases bearing truncation mutations of the ATM gene can produce modest amounts of full-length (and only rarely truncated) ATM protein. (nih.gov)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
Although intracellular signal transduction is often portrayed as a protein kinase 'domino effect', the counterbalancing function of phosphatases, and thus the control of phosphatase activity, is equally relevant to proper regulation of cellular function. (ac.be)
In the past, most of the attention was focused primarily on protein kinases and on their regulation, mainly because phosphatases were then viewed as simple housekeeping enzymes. (ac.be)
But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
2 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a very abundant - it accounts for as much as 1% of total cellular proteins - ubiquitous and remarkably conserved enzyme. (ac.be)
In the discovery set of fresh-frozen tissue specimens (14), the A-kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12) protein was found downregulated across the grades. (nature.com)
Aurora kinase C is a chromosomal passenger protein that interacts with aurora kinase B in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
An aurora kinase that is a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and is involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. (lookformedical.com)
The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. (lookformedical.com)
In this report, we describe a testis zinc finger protein (Tzfp) that binds to the upstream flanking sequence of the Aie1 gene. (lookformedical.com)
Mammalian aurora-A belongs to a multigenic family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases comprising two other members: aurora-B and aurora-C. In this review we will focus on aurora-A that starts to localize to centrosomes only in S phase as soon as centrioles have been duplicated, the protein is then degraded in early G1. (lookformedical.com)
Funded by a Wellcome Trust Ph.D studentship, her current research focuses on understanding how ubiquitylation governs the stability and sorting of a remarkably short-lived immune checkpoint protein, CTLA4. (portlandpress.com)
This gene encodes a protein phosphatase 1 binding protein. (nih.gov)
ST also caused the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase, Never In Mitosis gene A-related kinase 2. (umbc.edu)
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. (umbc.edu)
The Nek family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. (affbiotech.com)
Microtubule-associated protein MAP1LC3C regulates lysosomal exocytosis and induces zinc reprogramming in renal cancer cells. (uc.edu)
Lipocalin 10 is essential for protection against inflammation-triggered vascular leakage by activating LDL receptor-related protein 2-slingshot homologue 1 signalling pathway. (uc.edu)
CD95 signaling by protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase causes activation was responsible for the F Promotion of both caspase-8 association erismodegib LDE225 with CD95 and increased Ht eIF2 phosphorylation. (syksignaling.com)

Polo-like kinase 1, a pivotal regulator of mitosis and cytokinesis, is highly expressed in a broad spectrum of tumors and its expression correlates often with poor prognosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. (oncotarget.com)
Plk1 is mainly expressed during the late G2 and M phase, where it regulates various stages of mitosis [ 2 , 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. (lookformedical.com)
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Never In Mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (Nek2) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
The Nek2 subfamily includes Aspergillus nidulans NIMA kinase, the founding member of the Nek family, which was identified in a screen for cell cycle mutants prevented from entering mitosis. (umbc.edu)

Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of EGFR and Aurora kinases represents a therapeutic means to activate cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in SCCHN. (oncotarget.com)
In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
For E-MDA-MB- 231, down-regulation of catalase, paraoxonase-2 (PON2), clusterin, an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and cell stress proteins validated the notion that E-cadherin re-expression enhances TZT anti-cancer efficacy. (eurekaselect.com)
Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase 2 Results in PARK2-Mediated Mitophagy and Induces Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma. (dukecancerinstitute.org)

EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. (proteopedia.org)
Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. (proteopedia.org)
4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors. (lookformedical.com)
We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)

Combined Aurora kinase and EGFR targeting using a monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody was more effective compared to single EGFR and Aurora kinase inhibition. (oncotarget.com)
Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. (oncotarget.com)
Serotoninergic neurones have been identified on line, according to the normal criteria : i. e. biphasic action potentials of 2 3 msec duration, slow and typical pattern of discharge, inhibition of spontaneous exercise for the duration of 2 3 sec following nociceptive stimulation. (others-signal.com)

Immunotherapy (IO) plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has become the first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma, despite the lack of prognostic biomarkers. (e-crt.org)
Recently, clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitor plus vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for mRCC have exhibited outstanding efficacies [ 3 - 5 ]. (e-crt.org)
Inhibitor of checkpoint kinase CHK1 was identified as a top screen hit. (nature.com)
Phase I study of opaganib, an oral sphingosine kinase 2-specific inhibitor, in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
In patients with no BRAF mutation (ie, wild-type BRAF ), current guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommend single-agent immunotherapy with the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab or nivolumab or combination therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. (medscape.com)

Biochem Soc Trans (2022) 50 (2): 825-837. (portlandpress.com)
Cancer Discov (2022) 12 (11): 2475-2481. (aacrjournals.org)
As part of Experimental Biology held 27-30th April in 2021, and 2-5th April in 2022, Portland Press are delighted to have sponsored the Water & Electrolyte Homeostasis Section Portland Press Predoctoral Research Recognition Award . (portlandpress.com)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) affects the tumor microenvironment, which may influence the efficacy of TKI+IO. (e-crt.org)
Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)
Development of Highly Potent and Selective Diaminothiazole Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. (proteopedia.org)
Zhao J, Kennedy BK, Lawrence BD, Barbie DA, Matera AG, Fletcher JA, Harlow E. NPAT links cyclin E-Cdk2 to the regulation of replication-dependent histone gene transcription. (proteopedia.org)
The cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) subunit of TFIIH regulates RNA polymerase-II-based transcription and promotes tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)

Aurora kinases are found in all organisms in which their function has been conserved throughout evolution, namely the control of chromosome segregation. (lookformedical.com)
Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Regulates Aurora Kinases and Mitotic Progression. (nih.gov)

Sphingosine may be phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase 1/2 (SPHK1/SPHK2) to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which has a prosurvival role and is critical for immunomodulation ( 1 , 4 , 5 ) ( Figure 2 ). (frontiersin.org)

An Introduction and Overview of RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. (uc.edu)
SYK, along with ZAP70, is a member of the Syk family of tyrosine kinases. (syksignaling.com)

Previous evidence points to numerous components of the spindle assembly checkpoint and mitotic regulation playing a major role in several cancers [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, our results indicate that Tzfp recognizes a sequence-specific motif (tbs) and may play a role in the regulation of the genes carrying the tbs. (lookformedical.com)

This domain occurred 424 times on human genes ( 985 proteins). (umbc.edu)

We recently reported that a sequence variant in the cell-cycle-checkpoint kinase CHEK2 (CHEK2 1100delC) is a low-penetrance breast cancer-susceptibility allele in noncarriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. (ox.ac.uk)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Mutations in splicing elements, for example, have been found in genes such as LKB1 , KIT , CDH17 , KLF6 and BRCA1 , and changes in trans-acting regulators can affect the expression of genes such as Ron , RAC1 and CD44 . (biologists.com)
DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
The most prominent target gene is BRCA, in which mutations were first identified in breast cancer and ovarian cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Pancreatic cancer has also been reported to have a strong relationship with BRCA gene mutations, which indicates that pancreatic cancer patients may benefit from PARP inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
A family history of pancreatic cancer is an essential risk factor [ 20 ], and germline BRCA2 mutations comprise the highest proportion of known reasons for inherited pancreatic cancer [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Ovarian cancer is frequently sensitive to chemotherapy at diagnosis but rapid development of drug resistance leads to disease progression and ultimately death in the majority of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
According to the PPI networks, five hub genes ( TPX2, KIF2C, CDCA8, BUB1B , and CCNA2 ) were identified as key genes associated with breast cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
There is a pressing need to improve therapy in particular for patients with metastatic disease or local recurrence, where the median progression-free and overall survival is only ~ 6 months and ~11 months, respectively [ 2 - 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Sphingolipids are modified in multiple cancers and are responsible for tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis. (frontiersin.org)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
For example, the POLO (Pancreatic Cancer Olaparib Ongoing) trial has demonstrated that the median progression-free survival was observably longer in the olaparib group than in the placebo group. (biomedcentral.com)
An increase in the expression of the human NEK2 gene is strongly associated with the progression of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (umbc.edu)
Molecular portraits of cell cycle checkpoint kinases in cancer evolution, progression, and treatment responsiveness. (uc.edu)
RON-augmented cholesterol biosynthesis in breast cancer metastatic progression and recurrence. (uc.edu)

Upregulation of Phosphatase 1 Nuclear-Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. (nih.gov)

For example, a major regulator of metabolism is phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). (hindawi.com)
A family of serine/threonine kinase Aurora constitutes a key regulator in the orchestration of mitotic events. (lookformedical.com)

Paclitaxel is a frontline therapy used to treat advanced ovarian cancer, and in many instances, paclitaxel is combined with platinum based therapeutic drugs, such as carboplatin to improve overall survival [ 4 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lastly, through gene expression profiling we have demonstrated disruption of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the paclitaxel resistant cell lines, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
It can be applied to reveal highly correlative gene sets and explore potential biomarker genes or therapeutic targets according to the internal connectivity of gene clusters and the associations between gene clusters and phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)
The effectiveness or lack of a major therapeutic effect of sphingolipid modulation by some drugs as a cancer therapy and other aspects related to their mechanism of action are discussed in this review. (frontiersin.org)
CCR5 blockage by maraviroc: a potential therapeutic option for metastatic breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)
Expanded understanding of the basic biology of T cell activation has enabled immunotherapy to combat cancer, and T cell metabolism now offers the opportunity to optimize and improve these therapeutic strategies. (elifesciences.org)

Five hub genes ( TPX2 , KIF2C , CDCA8 , BUB1B , and CCNA2 ) associated with the risk of distant metastasis were extracted for further research, which might be used as biomarkers to predict distant metastasis of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
identified five genes as prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer, and Qiu et al. (biomedcentral.com)

Phosphoproteomic techniques have been widely employed to identify kinase activity, which may lend itself to pharmaceutical blockade. (nature.com)
Two of the primary immunotherapies are immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell transfer (ACT). (elifesciences.org)
Recently, immune checkpoint blockade therapies (ICBs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis have exhibited significant clinical benefits. (biomedcentral.com)

Evading immune destruction is one of the hallmarks of cancer. (portlandpress.com)
Hanahan and Weinberg's seminal paper 'The Hallmarks of Cancer' was revised in 2011 to include deregulating cellular energetics and evasion of immune destruction ( Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
As T cell metabolism dictates effector function, it is now apparent that the effect of cancer cell metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impair anti-tumor immunity, and these new hallmarks of cancer are therefore inextricably linked. (elifesciences.org)

It also interacts with other mitotic kinases such as Polo-like kinase 1 and may play a role in spindle checkpoint. (umbc.edu)

The DUSPs represent a large family of phosphatases [ 9 ] with varying tissue expression, cellular localization and serine/threonine substrates. (biomedcentral.com)

Similar trend was observed in MCF-7 whereby TZT treatment down-regulated the anti-apoptotic catalase and PON2, increased the proapoptotic, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated agonist of cell death (Bad) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) and HtrA serine peptidase 2 (HTRA2) as well as TRAIL receptors (TRAIL R1 and TRAIL R2). (eurekaselect.com)

It outlines current approaches employed at the preclinical and clinical trial interface towards reversing these processes in order to improve response to immunotherapy and survival outcomes for patients with cancer. (portlandpress.com)

Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)

Those transformed cells form tumours when implanted in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the kinase is an oncogene. (lookformedical.com)

Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
The TME, however, can be metabolically hostile due to insufficient vascular exchange and cancer cell metabolism that leads to hypoxia, depletion of nutrients, and accumulation of waste products. (elifesciences.org)
MYC enhances the oncogenic transcriptional amplification program in cancers and plays a critical role in a variety of tumor biology including immune evasion, energy metabolism, invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This gene encodes a kinase involved in spindle checkpoint function and chromosome segregation. (wikipedia.org)
Impaired spindle checkpoint function has been found in many forms of cancer. (wikipedia.org)

The mouse Tzfp gene, mapped to chromosome 7 B2-B3, encodes a 465-amino acid transcription factor containing a conserved N-terminal BTB/POZ domain and three C-terminal PLZF-like C(2)H(2) zinc fingers. (lookformedical.com)

Distant metastasis of breast cancer is causing an increasing number of breast cancer-related deaths. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, these five hub genes were significantly associated with worse distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in the patient cohort based on KM Plotter. (biomedcentral.com)
In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Bone metastasis is observed in up to 70% of breast cancer patients. (cancerindex.org)

This study provides valuable insight into the chemopreventive efficacy and associated molecular alterations of ST in breast cancer cells whereas it had only moderate efficacy on lung cancer cells and did not show any considerable effect on skin cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Among many cancers, breast cancer in females and lung cancer in males are the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer death for each sex in both economically developed and developing countries [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the mechanisms involved in CDK7-mediated immune evasion are unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (biomedcentral.com)

While exploring the molecular changes associated with strong ST efficacy in breast cancer cells, we observed that ST induced cell cycle arrest as well as cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been well acknowledged that pancreatic cancer has many different molecular subgroups with unique biological characteristics, which is partially responsible for the poor effectiveness and drug resistance observed for existing treatments [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130. (microbialcell.com)

Chemoradiotherapy (CRT), the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy applied with curative intent, is used to treat a variety of cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Ovarian cancer is the leading gynecologic cancer diagnosed in North America and because related symptoms are not disease specific, this often leads to late detection, an advanced disease state, and the need for chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Symptoms are not disease specific and often overlap with other common gastrointestinal and gynecological conditions, which can result in late detection, an advanced disease state, and the need for chemotherapy [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

CRT acts by inducing damage in the DNA of the cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Cells were exposed to an incremental dose escalation of paclitaxel (2 nM) for approximately 2 passages, up to a final concentration of 25 nM, once paclitaxel resistance was achieved. (biomedcentral.com)
p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
First, given evidence that IGFs regulate the response to IR, we also found evidence that IGF-1R depletion induced endogenous DNA lesions marked by γH2AX foci in prostate cancer cells [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
Ongoing research investigates mechanisms invoked by cancer cells to abrogate MHC-I expression and attenuate anti-tumour CD8 + cytotoxic T cell response. (portlandpress.com)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
The current study employed Bayesian networks to a longitudinal proteomic dataset generated from Caco-2 cells transfected with SARS-CoV-2 (isolated from patients returning from Wuhan to Frankfurt). (mdpi.com)
Here, we evaluated the efficacy of ST on three different human cancer cell lines including skin epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, lung epithelial carcinoma A549 cells and breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell growth assay, cell cycle analysis, FACS, JC-1 staining, annexin V staining and immunoblotting were used to study the efficacy of ST on cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The response of cells to environmental signals, as well as their differentiation, death or malignant transformation, involves changes in gene expression. (biologists.com)
Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4 -deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
c-FLIP increased Zellmotilit ht t r A further the importance of c-FLIP is its involvement in motility of cancer cells obtained ht. (syksignaling.com)

Cancer Discov (2023) 13 (4): 797-798. (aacrjournals.org)
Cancer Discov (2023) 13 (4): 1002-1025. (aacrjournals.org)

According to some comprehensive genomic analyses, four major driver genes have been identified in pancreatic cancer: KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4. (biomedcentral.com)

These pre-clinical models were used to observe cytotoxicity, cell cycle modulation and changes in gene expression to examine the mechanisms driving drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

We have generated model systems to explore drug resistance in ovarian cancer, which have revealed a key pathway related to the spindle assembly checkpoint underlying paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) gene plays a central role in the DNA-damage response pathway. (nih.gov)
De novo generated ceramide is the central hub of the sphingolipid pathway and subsequently has several fates ( Figure 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
The amounts with the vigilance states were Wnt Pathway expressed above 2 hr periods and also the effects of drugs had been analyzed through the use of evaluation of variance, followed through the two tailed Students r check. (others-signal.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

Cancer Discov (2021) 11 (4): 795-797. (aacrjournals.org)
As part of the Biochemical Society's Kinases and Pseudokinases Symposium held on 26 May 2021, a Biochemical Journal sponsored prize was awarded to Florentine Rutaganira for her excellent work. (portlandpress.com)

Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological cancer diagnosed in North America and has one of the lowest survival rates among all cancers [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Human ovarian cancer cell lines TOV21G (representing clear cell ovarian carcinoma) and TOV112D (representing endometrioid adenocarcinoma) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). The human ovarian epithelial-serous cell line COV504 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). (biomedcentral.com)
Pancreatic cancer is the third most common cancer related to early-onset gene mutation in breast cancer (BRCA, breast cancer susceptibility genes) as well as ovarian cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

Aslthough all these drugs have produced good results in preclinical studies of multiple cancers, the outcomes of clinical trials have not been similar. (frontiersin.org)

Variants in CHEK2 other than 1100delC do not make a major contribution to breast cancer susceptibility. (ox.ac.uk)
To investigate whether other CHEK2 variants confer susceptibility to breast cancer, we screened the full CHEK2 coding sequence in BRCA1/2-negative breast cancer cases from 89 pedigrees with three or more cases of breast cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
These results indicate that 1100delC may be the only CHEK2 allele that makes an appreciable contribution to breast cancer susceptibility. (ox.ac.uk)

Aiming to exploit this effect in therapy we performed a compound screen in five breast cancer cell lines with IGF neutralising antibody xentuzumab. (nature.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human thyroid cancer tissue slide using 21991-1-AP (PKC alpha antibody at dilution of 1:200 (under 10x lens). (ptglab.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human thyroid cancer tissue slide using 21991-1-AP (PKC alpha antibody at dilution of 1:200 (under 40x lens). (ptglab.com)

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a poor prognosis, and existing therapies offer only limited effectiveness. (biomedcentral.com)
This review elaborates on future prospects for the application of PARP inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal disease with a poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
however, only 20% of the patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer are candidates for initial resection. (biomedcentral.com)

We have generated paclitaxel resistant ovarian cell lines from their corresponding native cell lines to determine driver mechanisms of drug resistance using gene expression arrays. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonetheless, resistance occurs in many cancers either intrinsically or after multiple treatments. (eurekaselect.com)
RNA silencing and pharmacologic inhibitors were used to evaluate the functions of CDK7/p38α/MYC/PD-L1 axis in cancer cell proliferation and antiPD-1 therapy resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic ablation of diabetes-associated gene Ccdc92 reduces obesity and insulin resistance in mice. (uc.edu)

Ectopic kinase overexpression in any culture cell line leads to polyploidy and centrosome amplification. (lookformedical.com)

According to the prediction provided by the American Cancer Society (ACS), there will be more than 271,000 new incidences in the United States (US) in 2019 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, we briefly discuss the role of autophagy in colorectal cancer and current status of autophagy-based drug research for IBD. (bvsalud.org)

The disorders are characterized by a defect in DNA repair mechanisms or genomic instability, and patients with these disorders show increased predisposition to cancer. (medscape.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms4

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs135

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes72

Information Science3

Health Care1

Protein37

Mitosis6

Apoptosis8

Phosphorylation5

Inhibition3

Inhibitor5

20223

Cyclin5

Aurora Kinases2

Sphingosine kinase1

Tyrosine2

Regulation2

Proteins1

Mutations8

Progression9

Subunit1

Regulator2

Therapeutic7

Biomarkers2

Blockade3

Hallmarks3

Interacts1

Phosphatases1

Receptors1

Immunotherapy1

Humans1

Substrates1

Oncogene1

Metabolism6

Spindle checkpoint2

Encodes1

Metastasis4

LUNG CANCER3

Molecular3

Chemotherapy3

Cells13

20232

TP531

Cell cycle3

Pathway4

Targets1

20212

Ovarian cancer3

Multiple cancers1

Susceptibility3

Antibody3

Pancreatic4

Resistance4

Overexpression1

20191

Colorectal cancer1

Genomic1