• The Algerian War of Independence, also sometimes called the Algerian revolution , was an anticolonial armed conflict against French rule that began in 1954 and lasted until 1962. (toptenz.net)
  • The Morice Line was a defensive line that went into effect in September 1957 during the Algerian War of Independence, fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN). (montrealserai.com)
  • The research analyses the situation of each of these languages and the different language policies that the country has applied in the educational system since it achieved independence in 1956. (iemed.org)
  • Morocco has claimed those territories (except the island of Alborán, further away from Africa) since its independence in 1956. (wikipedia.org)
  • When Spain relinquished its protectorate and recognized Morocco's independence in 1956, it did not give up these minor territories, as Spain had held them well before the establishment of its protectorate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following intermittent riots and revolts against colonial rule, in 1956, Morocco regained its independence and reunified. (explained.today)
  • strongholds of sovereignty") [3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco in Africa , or that are closer to Africa than Europe . (wikipedia.org)
  • Historically, a distinction was made between the so-called "major places of sovereignty", comprising the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla , and the "minor places of sovereignty", referring to a number of islands (and a small peninsula) along the coast. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (POLISARIO), an organization that seeks the territory's independence, disputes Morocco's claim to sovereignty over the territory. (state.gov)
  • In line with the U.N. Charter, all states must refrain from the threat or use of force to seek territorial acquisition against the territorial integrity and sovereignty or political independence of any state. (shomonews.com)
  • In 1991, a ceasefire between Polisario and Morocco was agreed upon, on the condition of a referendum on self-determination of Moroccan-occupied Southern Provinces (including the options of independence or integration into Morocco). (wikipedia.org)
  • In early September 1999, Sahrawi students held a sit-in at al-Zamlah Square in al-'Ayun, the capital of the territory, demanding scholarships and transportation subsidies to Moroccan universities located in northern Morocco. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Moroccan government had little tolerance towards the Sahara Branch, stating that it was a pro-independence campaigner, and in November 2002, Moroccan courts created legislation to outlaw the organization. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recorded history of Morocco begins with the Phoenician colonization of the Moroccan coast between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE, although the area was inhabited by indigenous Berbers for some two thousand years before that. (kanbrik.com)
  • The region constituting Morocco has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era over 300,000 years ago, and the first Moroccan state was established by Idris I in 788. (explained.today)
  • Despite the progress made by Morocco with regard to diverse questions relating to human rights and democracy, the committee is nevertheless concerned about a number of alleged human rights violations in Western Sahara, as well as the humanitarian situation in the Tindouf camps, and proposes a number of recommendations to be addressed to the Moroccan authorities and to representatives of the Polisario Front and Algeria. (coe.int)
  • 1. The Parliamentary Assembly welcomes the effective progress made by Morocco on various questions relating to human rights and democracy, as underlined in Resolution 1942 (2013) on the evaluation of the partnership for democracy in respect of the Parliament of Morocco, including the creation, in 2011, of the Moroccan National Human Rights Council (CNDH) and other organisations for the protection of human rights. (coe.int)
  • CHEFCHAOUEN, Morocco - It was only after the bombs fell on the picturesque northern Moroccan village of Chefchaoen that Capt. Paul Rockwell's conscience betrayed some mild misgivings. (insidehook.com)
  • By "squadron," Sweeny was referring to more than a dozen friends and compatriots, Rockwell among them, who had flown in prototypical allied air forces in WWI, who harbored a yearning for the old wartime camaraderie and who, by July 1925, agreed to join Sweeny on his Moroccan expedition. (insidehook.com)
  • These began with the early Muslim expansions in the first two centuries of Islam (i.e. the seventh and eighth centuries of the Gregorian calendar), during which time, for example, the indigenous languages of lower Egypt disappeared They move on, more recently, to the periods of nationalist independence in the 1960s - as in Algeria, where state policy deliberately ignored other Algerian languages, like Berber, in favour of Arabic. (wluml.org)
  • The assumption is problematic as it could not interpret why Islamic political parties were defeated crushingly at the ballot box in Algeria, but obtained a landslide victory in Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco in the early 2010s (see Table 3 ) (Zoubir and Aghrout 2012 ), considering that the four countries were almost in the same socio-economic predicaments at the time (see Table 1 ). (springer.com)
  • France had already taken control of Algeria, which borders Morocco, and wanted to take over Morocco as well. (kanbrik.com)
  • In 2018, Morocco ranked 121st out of 189 countries in the world on the Human Development Index (HDI), behind Algeria (82nd) and Tunisia (91st). (kanbrik.com)
  • Amaziɣ , ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵎⵣⵗ ) are an ethnic group native to North Africa and West Africa, specifically Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia , Libya , Mauritania , northern Mali , northern Niger , and the Canary Islands . (wikipedia-on-ipfs.org)
  • At the time Morocco had recently been divided between Spanish interests to the north including the Rif mountain region in which Chefchaouen lies and French interests to the east to the border with the French colony of Algeria. (insidehook.com)
  • Nations Principles for Older Persons, adopted by the General Assembly in 1991, which provided guidance in areas of independence, participation, care, self- fulfilment and dignity. (who.int)
  • Formal Name: Kingdom of Morocco (Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah). (kanbrik.com)
  • The Kingdom of Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the territory that it controls. (state.gov)
  • Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . (explained.today)
  • Fought between 1945 and 1949, the Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire. (toptenz.net)
  • Polisario Front1, the liberation movement of Western Sahara, had fought to claim its independence but failed to do so. (lu.se)
  • In particular, the Parliament of Morocco should be invited to continue to develop a culture of human rights in Western Sahara and to be open to discussions with all representatives of Saharan civil society, as well as with the Polisario Front representatives based in the Tindouf camps, in order to develop mutual confidence and to facilitate negotiations. (coe.int)
  • The Treaty of Fez (signed on 30 March 1912) made most of Morocco a protectorate of France, while Spain assumed the role of protecting power over the northern part, called Spanish Morocco . (wikipedia.org)
  • On 11 July 2002, Morocco stationed six gendarmes on Perejil Island , which was at the time a source of complaint by Spain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Featured alongside the blueprints are postage stamps and postcards attesting to the species' cross-continental journey, and short texts referring to the histories of war and colonialism that have shaped the countries from which the samples were collected. (montrealserai.com)
  • In other words, the NAM can be seen as an early example of globalization, i.e. a strategic structuring on global scale in form of a confederation for the purpose to internationalize a political Cause, which is the Cause of independence from colonialism, and from any other principle of hegemonic powers. (dutchartinstitute.eu)
  • Singapore is often referred to as the Lion City, the Garden City and the Red Dot, and is the world's only sovereign island city-state. (1papayatravel.com)
  • Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary national legislative system under which ultimate authority rests with King Mohammed VI, who presides over the Council of Ministers. (state.gov)
  • [16] Morocco is a unitary semi- constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. (explained.today)
  • With the various universities involved, the IEMed structures the programme into three pillars, based on two lines of work concerning research and reflection: a series of lectures, an academic seminar and the Aula Awards for the Best Master's Degree Final Projects on Mediterranean issues. (iemed.org)
  • These three pillars are complemented by student-led activities, research seminars organised by the teaching staff, which are supported by the IEMed, and initiatives such as film series and debates with key social actors in the Euro-Mediterranean region. (iemed.org)
  • In the academic year 2019 - 2020, the Aula Mediterrània Interuniversity Programme offered a lecture series to better understand today's Mediterranean state of affairs. (iemed.org)
  • In addition to the lectures series and the annual interdisciplinary seminar, the Aula Mediterranean programme (co-organised between the IEMed and 12 Master's Degrees on Mediterranean issues), also awards the Best Master's Degree Dissertations. (iemed.org)
  • It has Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines, a rugged mountain interior and a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. (kanbrik.com)
  • Ceuta, Spanish exclave, military post, and free port on the coast of Morocco, at the Mediterranean entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. (kanbrik.com)
  • The struggle for Indonesian independence involved both sporadic armed clashes and internal diplomatic tussles. (toptenz.net)
  • A couple of years ago, I interviewed Fatma El-Mehdi , an activist for the Western Sahara independence movement in its long struggle to secede from Morocco. (warscapes.com)
  • Sweeny, a man of action looking for his next adventure after the Great War, saw in the French fight against Morocco not a struggle for freedom, but a battle to "sustain the civilizing work the French have done," according to a biography of Sweeny by Charley Roberts and Charles P. Hess. (insidehook.com)
  • Founded as a British trading colony in 1819, since independence it has become one of the world's most prosperous countries and boasts the world's busiest port. (1papayatravel.com)
  • The U.S. Department of State issued instructions to its consul in Morocco to advise the Americans that they risked losing their U.S. citizenship and being imprisoned and fined if they continued to do battle against a people with whom the United States had no quarrel," Roberts and Hess write. (insidehook.com)
  • Understanding Islamic political parties Footnote 1 becomes an urgent concern following the Arab Spring, as the anti-authoritarian protests resulted in the rise of Islamists at the ballot box in 2011 in lots of countries in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) including Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco. (springer.com)
  • The line was 460 km long and sealed off Algeria's eastern and western borders to prevent FLN guerrillas from entering the colony from Tunisia and Morocco. (montrealserai.com)
  • Eventually North Africa from Egypt to Morocco would be liberated as the next phase of WWII would begin! (richardjgarfunkel.com)
  • 3. Sen-Wos- Ret I began a series of victorious military expeditions against the Asiatics, Libyans, and various nomads ( Bedouins ) who threatened the people of Egypt. (africaresource.com)
  • The Romans also used the word to refer to their hostile neighbours to the north, in Germania (roughly the area that is Germany today), as well as to Celts , Iberians , Gauls , Goths , and Thracians . (wikipedia-on-ipfs.org)
  • Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, was annexed by Morocco in 1975, as Spain pulled out. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tension between colonial Spanish forces and Rif peoples in northern Morocco culminated in a series of guerrilla attacks led by Berber leader Abd el-Krim on Spanish fortifications in June-July 1921. (kanbrik.com)
  • In ancient and medieval times, the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines all used words similar to "Berber" to refer to various tribes that inhabited "Greater Libya" (that is, what is now called North Africa), in areas where Berbers were later to be found. (wikipedia-on-ipfs.org)
  • [37] Ramzi Rouighi argues that the use of Berber to refer to the people of North Africa appeared only after the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. (wikipedia-on-ipfs.org)
  • A number of years ago, I went to a lecture series given at Reid Hall at Manhattanville College, Purchase, NY, which at one time was the home of the Ogden Reid's. (richardjgarfunkel.com)
  • Shortly, they were also joined by Sahrawi mine workers and Sahrawi members of the "National Association of Unemployed University Graduates" in Morocco. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sahrawi activists organized another protest five days later in which they demanded independence and a referendum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The government refers to Jewish emigres from Middle Eastern countries as "refugees", but whether these Jews emigrated for economic or ideological reasons, or were pushed out of their home countries by anti-Semitic and political persecution, is a matter of debate. (jpost.com)
  • We have Once and Villa Crespo," another group member says in the video, referring to two heavily Jewish neighborhoods in Buenos Aires. (ynetnews.com)
  • Finally, following the independence of Portugal after the end of the Spanish-led Iberian Union , Ceuta was ceded by Portugal to Spain in 1668. (wikipedia.org)
  • Morocco also claims Ceuta and Melilla , making up about 22.8km2 more claimed territory. (explained.today)
  • Morocco also claims the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , and several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. (explained.today)
  • 2. At the same time, the Assembly underlines that under the terms of Resolution 1818 (2011) granting the status of partner for democracy to the Parliament of Morocco on 21 June 2011, it expects Morocco to continue to seek the settlement of international disputes by peaceful means, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. (coe.int)
  • In 24 lectures held between October 2019 until May 2020, international experts analysed the socio-political situation of countries such as Morocco, Jordan or Libya, cross-cutting issues such as migration, refugees, and the role of women or the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran, among other issues. (iemed.org)
  • Despite months of objections from Russia and China over language referring to the war in Ukraine, the leaders were able to agree unanimously, according to Indian officials, to several paragraphs referring to the conflict. (shomonews.com)
  • French government officials, seeing the potential for the Americans' involvement to sway public opinion in their favor, welcomed Sweeny's offer to lend a hand in Morocco, but the American government was not so excited. (insidehook.com)
  • The General Inspectorate of the State Administration (IGAE), as an auxiliary service of the presidency (Legislative decree 3/17 of October 13) (2), lacks independence, as does the inspector-general of the national defence, who is subordinate to the Defence Minister (Presidential Decree 27/18 of February 6) (3). (ti-defence.org)
  • The political climate gradually relaxed in the 1990s after the ceasefire, and following considerable liberalization in Morocco proper. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the agreement of February 9, 1909, France confirmed its intention to respect the integrity and independence of the sheriff's empire and Germany recognized the particular political interests of the former. (thefreegeography.com)
  • It was in this capacity, in 1219, that he came into contact with five Franciscan friars who were on their way to Morocco to preach the Gospel to the Muslims there. (geni.com)
  • Moros ) on documents of the Christian Iberian kingdoms to refer to the Andalusi, the north Africans, and the Muslims overall. (wikipedia-on-ipfs.org)
  • The situation escalated when the Pakistani army launched Operation Searchlight in March 1971, aimed at suppressing the Bengali independence movement. (toptenz.net)
  • Morocco is a country with linguistic diversity where, in addition to Arabic and Amazigh as vernacular languages, French, English, or Spanish are languages of common use. (iemed.org)
  • Additionally, is Morocco a First World country? (kanbrik.com)
  • During this time, the nation of Morocco was indeed a "third world" country, since it was neither a member of American-centered treaties such as NATO, nor Soviet-centered treaties like the Warsaw Pact. (kanbrik.com)
  • Is Morocco an underdeveloped country? (kanbrik.com)
  • The territory in this case is Western Sahara, South of Morocco, who includes the territory as part of its own country. (lu.se)
  • Morocco controls the majority of the territory, with Polisario forces controlling a rump. (wikipedia.org)
  • The square was also symbolic because of its past history: in 1970, the Spanish army had killed a group of Sahrawis protesting for independence in the square. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like most imperializing countries, the Spanish and French wanted to colonize Morocco because they wanted power. (kanbrik.com)
  • The Legion, along with los Regulares, comprised what was to be referred to by the Spanish as the Army of Africa. (sofmag.com)
  • I regretted having to attack a town that always had maintained its independence except for a few years of Spanish occupation. (insidehook.com)
  • The entire world community is with Morocco in this difficult time and we are ready to provide them all possible assistance," he said. (shomonews.com)
  • The series portrays each specimen individually and in the state in which it arrived by mail, showing signs of damage and deterioration caused by transportation. (montrealserai.com)
  • Kristen Ghodsee's Why Women Have Better Sex Under Socialism-And Other Arguments for Economic Independence is the best known example of a growing body of work that claims women were better off under what she calls "state socialism" in the Eastern Bloc. (isj.org.uk)
  • Second there has in these countries been a series of processes of Arabisation. (wluml.org)
  • As Trumbull explained: 'But to preserve and diffuse the memory of the noblest series of actions which have ever presented themselves in the history of man" (Daniel C. Favata). (baumanrarebooks.com)
  • First, there is the habit of referring to much of North and East Central Africa, (all the way from Morocco on the far north west coast of the continent, to Sudan and Somalia on the east of the continent down as far as the equator), as pan of "the Middle East. (wluml.org)
  • The Marinid and Saadi dynasties otherwise resisted foreign domination, and Morocco was the only North African nation to escape Ottoman dominion. (explained.today)
  • So the article I did from Gaza was one of a series of food-related dispatches from different places. (warscapes.com)
  • Agreement, or the Liberalization Agreement, aimed at liberalizing the European imports from Morocco, is also applied to Western Sahara. (lu.se)
  • What this means is that cherry tomatoes from Western Sahara can be sold at the European market labeled as originating from Morocco. (lu.se)