RetrovirusRetrovirusesImmunodeficiency virusHTLVPrimatesMonkeysStrainsNonhumanInfectionNucleotide sequencesSTLVViralFoamy virusPTLVZoonoticPathogenCounterpartTypeGeneGenomicAntigenAntibodiesRetroviralGenusSpeciesIsolationStrainHumansExposurePhylogeneticCapsidAntigensAIDSPromoterAmino Acid SeqLENTIVIRUSAnimal virusesProteinInducesEbolaProteinsHosts
Retrovirus7
- SIV isolates are clearly distinct from Type D primate retrovirus (i.e., simian retrovirus 1)that also causes a form of chronic wasting immunodeficiency disease in several primate species (ll). (cdc.gov)
- Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first oncogenic human retrovirus discovered in 1980. (bvsalud.org)
- We examined the prevalence of human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV), a retrovirus group of simian origin, in a large population of persons with frequent NHP exposures and a history of simian foamy virus infection. (cdc.gov)
- The best known of the human env-derived genes is syncytin-1, or ERVWE1, which originated from a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) of the HERV-W family inserted on chromosome 7q21 in human-pre-hominoids 40-45 million years ago [ 11 , 10 ]. (ecancer.org)
- [ 1 ] This led to the discovery of the first HTLV, designated HTLV-1, and marked the beginning of the human retrovirus era. (medscape.com)
- Serological evidence for virus related to simian T-lymphotropic retrovirus III in residents of west Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (unboundmedicine.com)
Retroviruses8
- The primate T-lymphotropic viruses (PTLVs) are a group of retroviruses that infect primates, using their lymphocytes to reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
- The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has a history of nonhuman primate (NHP) consumption and exposure to simian retroviruses yet little is known about the extent of zoonotic simian retroviral infections in DRC. (cdc.gov)
- DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. (lookformedical.com)
- Since the description of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and its simian counterpart, simian T-cell leukemia virus type I (STLV-I), the possible existence of other related simian retroviruses has been raised. (tmu.edu.tw)
- Retroviruses are RNA viruses that use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from RNA. (medscape.com)
- Isolation of similar retroviruses in nonhuman primates, simian T-cell lymphotropic viruses (STLV), STLV-1, STLV-2, and STLV-3, have also been discovered, suggesting that HTLV arose as an interspecies transmission between monkeys and humans. (medscape.com)
- Similar to other retroviruses, HTLV-1 evolves either through accumulation of point mutations or recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
- HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. (medscape.com)
Immunodeficiency virus17
- Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) belongs to the family Retroviridae (subfamily Lentivirinae) and is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), the etiologic agents of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
- Twenty five years after the isolation of the human immunodeficiency virus, this prize recognizes the outstanding work of its two recipients and of their clinical and research colleagues. (pasteur.fr)
- External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
- Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
- To assess human exposure to Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in west central Africa, we looked for SIV infection in 788 monkeys that were hunted in the rainforests of Cameroon for bushmeat or kept as pets. (cdc.gov)
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or type 2 (HIV- derives from infected monkeys, and a comparable number of 2) (1,2). (cdc.gov)
- Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and -2 in individuals from Guinea-Bissau with single or dual infections: predominance of a distinct HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant in West Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2-mediated inhibition of HIV type 1: a new approach to gene therapy of HIV-infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Cytotoxic T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected patients frequently cross-react with different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Cellular factors regulate transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes of Tat from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Human immunodeficiency virus Vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- A virus identified in apes living in forests south of the Sanaga River is the closestfound to the human immunodeficiency virus. (balloon-juice.com)
- B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. (medscape.com)
- Electron microscopy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virions. (medscape.com)
HTLV52
- Three of the 4 major HTLV-1 subtypes are shown. (cdc.gov)
- The ones that infect humans are known as human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and the ones that infect Old World monkeys are called simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs). (wikipedia.org)
- PTLVs are named for their ability to cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, but in the case of HTLV-1 it can also cause a demyelinating disease called tropical spastic paraparesis. (wikipedia.org)
- There are currently three species of PTLVs recognized by the ICTV (P/H/STLV-1, -2, -3), plus two that are reported but unrecognized (HTLV-4, STLV-5). (wikipedia.org)
- The first known, and still most medically important PTLV is HTLV-1, discovered in 1980. (wikipedia.org)
- HTLV-1 is the prototypical PTLV, from which comparisons are drawn for the newly-known types. (wikipedia.org)
- In a HTLV-1 infection, it is the first protein to be expressed, and in turn is responsible for the expression of the provirus at the LTR during the early phase. (wikipedia.org)
- p12, p8, p30, p13 are the newest class of proteins only found in HTLV-1. (wikipedia.org)
- HTLV-1 has three tandem imperfect 21-base repeats as the long terminal repeat, but other PTLVs only have two. (wikipedia.org)
- Discovered by Robert Gallo and colleagues in 1980, HTLV-1 has been implicated in several kinds of diseases, including tropical spastic paraparesis and as a virus cancer link for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
- HTLV-1 has seven reported subtypes (subtypes A through G). The great majority of infections are caused by the cosmopolitan subtype A. The HTLV-I/STLV-I history might suggest a simian migration from Asia to Africa not much earlier than 19,500-60,000 years ago. (wikipedia.org)
- HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 can be transmitted sexually, by blood to blood contact (e.g. by blood transfusion or sharing needles when using drugs) and via breast feeding. (wikipedia.org)
- While human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) originates from ancient cross-species transmission of simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) from infected nonhuman primates, much debate exists on whether the first HTLV-1 occurred in Africa, or in Asia during early human evolution and migration. (bvsalud.org)
- Our analyses also inferred that HTLV-1 was first introduced into Australia ~3.1-3.7kya, corresponding to both genetic and archaeological changes occurring in Australia at that time. (bvsalud.org)
- Finally, HTLV-1 appears in Melanesia at ~2.3-2.7kya corresponding to the migration of the Lapita peoples into the region. (bvsalud.org)
- Four types of human T cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) have been described (HTLV-1 to HTLV-4) with three of them having closely related simian virus analogues named STLV-1, -2, and -3. (bvsalud.org)
- It is estimated that around 10-20 million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
- However, HTLV-1 is not a ubiquitous virus. (bvsalud.org)
- Indeed, HTLV-1 is present throughout the world with clusters of high endemicity including mainly southern Japan, the Caribbean region, parts of South America and intertropical Africa, with foci in the Middle East and Australia. (bvsalud.org)
- In the high endemic areas, 0.5 to 50% of the people have antibodies against HTLV-1 antigens. (bvsalud.org)
- HTLV-1 seroprevalence increases with age, especially in women. (bvsalud.org)
- PCR amplification of HTLV tax and LTR sequences from buffy coat DNA was used to confirm infection and to measure proviral loads (pVLs). (cdc.gov)
- A relatively high proportion of the study population (5.4%, n = 165) were WB seropositive: 128 HTLV-1-like, 3 HTLV-2-like, and 34 HTLV-positive but untypeable profiles. (cdc.gov)
- HTLV-1 LTR sequences from 109 persons clustered strongly with HTLV-1 and STLV-1 subtype B from humans and simians from DRC, with most sequences more closely related to STLV-1 from Allenopithecus nigroviridis (Allen's swamp monkey). (cdc.gov)
- We will concentrate at first on m6A and m5C post-transcriptional modifications, and on three retroviral genera: lentiviruses (HIV and SIV, human and simian immunodeficiency viruses), the oncogenic deltaretroviruses (HTLV and BLV, human T-lymphotropic virus and bovine leukemia virus), and the oncogenic gammaretrovirus (MLV, mouse leukemia virus). (unil.ch)
- In vitro infection of human macrophages by human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). (rush.edu)
- Subsequently, the virus was characterized by Southern blot hybridization, which showed that STLV-II and HTLV-II have a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology but have different restriction enzyme patterns. (tmu.edu.tw)
- Nucleotide sequence analysis of the pX-II region of STLV-II provirus revealed 3% variation with the corresponding region of HTLV-II. (tmu.edu.tw)
- This study describes the first link between HTLV-II and a simian reservoir in the New World. (tmu.edu.tw)
- In 1979, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) was isolated in a patient with adult cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ATL). (medscape.com)
- Neither HTLV-3 nor HTLV-4 has been linked to human disease, and considerably less is known about these viruses. (medscape.com)
- However, HTLV-1 has been linked to ATL and HTLV-associated myelopathy, or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). (medscape.com)
- For reasons that are not completely understood, a minority of individuals infected with HTLV-1 develop these symptomatic disease states. (medscape.com)
- A causal association between HTLV-1 and ATL and HAM/TSP has been found. (medscape.com)
- [ 6 , 7 ] Recent evidence has suggested that HTLV-2 is also associated with HAM/TSP, but the evidence is not as robust as the evidence for HTLV-1, so further research is needed. (medscape.com)
- For reasons that are not completely understood, a minority of individuals infected with HTLV-1 develop disease. (medscape.com)
- Furthermore, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms between HTLV-1 infection and disease development are not completely described and require further research. (medscape.com)
- Additional ocular manifestations in individuals with HTLV-1 infection include retinal vasculitis, choroidopathy, and keratopathy. (medscape.com)
- Antibodies to HTLV-1 were fount, and the vitreous specimen revealed flower cell infiltration with HTLV-1 DNA detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (medscape.com)
- Individuals with IDH have a higher proviral load than asymptomatic carriers of HTLV-1. (medscape.com)
- One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
- O VIH-1 é o virus que se descubriu inicialmente e que foi denominado primeiramente LAV e HTLV-III. (wikipedia.org)
- Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) is an oncoretrovirus that infects at least 10 million people worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
- HTLV-1 exhibits a remarkable genetic stability, however, viral strains have been classified in several genotypes and subgroups, which often mirror the geographic origin of the viral strain. (biomedcentral.com)
- Until now, no viral genotype or subgroup is associated with a specific HTLV-1-associated disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this review, we describe the genetic diversity of HTLV-1, and analyze the molecular mechanisms that are at play in HTLV-1 evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
- Molecular studies point to a fairly low evolution rate of HTLV-1 (between 5.6E−7 and 1.5E−6 substitutions/site/year), supposedly because the virus persists within the host via clonal expansion (instead of new infectious cycles that use reverse transcriptase). (biomedcentral.com)
- HTLV-1 is a member of the Retroviridae family, the Orthoretrovirinae subfamily and the Deltaretrovirus genus, which includes bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and T-lymphotropic viruses infecting primates (PTLV). (biomedcentral.com)
- At least 5 to 10 million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
- HTLV-1 transmission occurs through sexual intercourse, prolonged breast-feeding, or blood transfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
- The first HTLV-1 complete sequence (ATK prototype) was obtained in 1983 [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- In contrast, some nucleotide substitutions observed among HTLV-1 strains were specific to the geographic origin of the patients [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Primates6
- Also, SIV is distinct from simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLY-I) which shares extensive genomic sequences with human T-lymphotropic virus type I and is associated with T-cell lymphomas in nonhuman primates (12). (cdc.gov)
- Limited data exist concerning the presence or concentration of virus in semen, cervical secretions, saliva, urine, breast milk, and amniotic fluids of experimentally or naturally infected nonhuman primates. (cdc.gov)
- Longer sequence data, or full genomes from a greater representation of Asian primates, including gibbons, leaf monkeys, and Sumatran orangutans are needed to fully elucidate these evolutionary dates and relationships using the model criteria suggested herein. (bvsalud.org)
- Because humans come in frequent contact logging concessions in southeastern Cameroon (n=305), as with primates in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, additional well as 215 pet animals from these same areas (Table 1). (cdc.gov)
- PTLVs consist of simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs) type 1 to 4, which infect non-human primates and human T-lymphotropic viruses type 1-4. (biomedcentral.com)
- A virus commonly found in macaques (Old World monkeys) but not in other primates. (unboundmedicine.com)
Monkeys8
- The seroprevalence of SIV among rhesus monkeys in captive colonies (whether from natural infections or interspecies transmission) appears to be low (i.e., 0-1%) (6). (cdc.gov)
- Her team of around 20 scientists is currently working on how the virus is transmitted from mother to child, on innate mechanisms that control HIV infection and on HIV-related simian viruses that infect monkeys. (pasteur.fr)
- Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). (lookformedical.com)
- These data document for the first time that a substantial proportion of wild monkeys in Cameroon are SIV infected and that humans who hunt and handle bushmeat are exposed to a plethora of genetically highly divergent viruses. (cdc.gov)
- HIV-1 has spread to most parts of the world, while pet monkeys also carry SIV. (cdc.gov)
- Among the biological agents re- because species specificity limits the causes lymphoproliferative diseas- viewed in Volume 100B of the IARC feasibility of this approach for most of es in New World monkeys and in Monographs (IARC, 2012) are sever- these viruses. (who.int)
- Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
- For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
Strains4
- The lymphotropic virus type 1 strains were aligned with the DAMBE program (version 4.2.13). (cdc.gov)
- Phylogenetic associations of human and simian T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I strains: evidence for interspecies transmission. (rush.edu)
- The simple reason for this is that the virus has burned its way through chimpanzee populations for thousands of years, a long enough time for the virions which do not kill their host, at least not quickly, to outcompete the most lethal strains. (balloon-juice.com)
- When a virus meets a new species for the first time it will burn through the immunologically- naive animals mercilessly, until a period of coevolution takes place in which resistance alleles spread in the host populations and the fiercest strains of virus lose out to strains which keep the host alive long enough to spread more widely. (balloon-juice.com)
Nonhuman1
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 transmission dynamics in rural villages in the democratic republic of the congo with high nonhuman primate exposure. (cdc.gov)
Infection10
- Role Description: The goal of this proposal is to generate bi-specific Zika virus-neutralizing antibodies with asymmetric heavy chain mutations to enhance transplacental antibody transport and prevent infection of the fetus. (umassmed.edu)
- We documented new STLV-1 and STLV-3 variants in six out of the seven species tested and showed for the first time STLV infection in C. mona wolfi, C. ascanius whitesidei, L. aterrimus aterrimus, C. angolensis, and P. tholloni. (bvsalud.org)
- Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)
- Does HIV-2 protect against HIV-1 infection? (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Plasma viral load in HIV-1 and HIV-2 singly and dually infected individuals in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: significantly lower plasma virus set point in HIV-2 infection than in HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Does HIV-2 infection provide cross-protection against HIV-1 infection? (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Diagnosis of HIV-1/2 dual infection using dilution analysis of type-specific antibody. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Low peripheral blood viral HIV-2 RNA in individuals with high CD4 percentage differentiates HIV-2 from HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- 2001. Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia. (nationalacademies.org)
- Several characteristics of the female genital tract make it suitable for inoculation, establishment of infection, and systemic spread of the virus, which causes local changes that may favor the development of infections by other pathogens, often called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). (hindawi.com)
Nucleotide sequences1
- Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
STLV9
- STLV, simian T-lymphotropic virus. (cdc.gov)
- Originally reported in 1985, the first isolate from a rhesus macaque was called simian T-lymphotropic virus III (STLV-III) (1). (cdc.gov)
- citation needed] STLV-1 is oncogenic in Japanese macaques. (wikipedia.org)
- STLV-5 is a name used for a highly divergent PTLV-1 strain isolated from Macaca arctoides. (wikipedia.org)
- This topic is complicated by a lack of representative Asian STLV-1 to infer PTLV-1 evolutionary histories. (bvsalud.org)
- In this study we obtained new STLV-1 LTR and tax sequences from a wild-born Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and performed detailed phylogenetic analyses using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference of available Asian PTLV-1 and African STLV-1 sequences. (bvsalud.org)
- Based on the preferred models our analyses robustly inferred an Asian source for PTLV-1 with cross-species transmission of STLV-1 likely from a macaque (Macaca sp. (bvsalud.org)
- An orangutan diversification of STLV-1 commenced approximately 6.4-7.3kya. (bvsalud.org)
- STLV prevalences and genetic diversity were estimated by PCR and sequence analysis of tax-rex and LTR fragments. (bvsalud.org)
Viral11
- The proposed studies are aimed at understanding the potential of a half-life extended antibody against the co-receptor of AIDS viruses, CCR5, in prevention of viral acquisition against challenges via different routes. (umassmed.edu)
- Accurate assembly of minority viral haplotypes from next-generation sequencing through efficient noise reduction. (cdc.gov)
- We show that CliqueSNV can accurately assemble viral haplotypes with frequencies as low as 0.1% and maintains consistent performance across short and long bases sequencing platforms. (cdc.gov)
- HIV-1-induced cell fusion is mediated by multiple regions within both the viral envelope and the CCR-5 co-receptor. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- We used the same viral genomic sequence for potential target identification for viral miRNAs. (sinica.edu.tw)
- Despois de entraren na célula diana, o xenoma de ARN viral convértese (por reversotranscrición ) en ADN bicatenario pola acción do encima codificado no virus transcriptase inversa que se transporta en forma de encima xa formado dentro da partícula vírica, xunto co propio xenoma. (wikipedia.org)
- O ADN viral resultante é importado despois ao núcleo celular e intégrase no ADN celular pola acción do encima integrase codificado no virus e de cofactores do hóspede. (wikipedia.org)
- Alternativamente, o virus pode tamén ser transcrito , producindo novas copias do xenoma de ARN viral que se traducen formando proteínas virais que se empaquetan formando novas partículas víricas, que son liberadas da célula e empezan así un novo ciclo de replicación. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 13 ] Está formado por un xenoma constituído por dúas copias de ARN monocatenario positivo que codifica os nove xenes do virus e unha cápside cónica que o rodea composta por 2.000 copias da proteína viral p24 . (wikipedia.org)
- Viral architecture is very complex, but every virus contains at least a genome and a capsid. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Attachement of the viral proteins to host receptors triggers lipid-mediated endocytosis of the virus into the host cell. (expasy.org)
Foamy virus1
- The foamy virus family: molecular biology, epidemiology and neuropathology. (microbiologyresearch.org)
PTLV3
- PTLV-1 is the medically most important species in the class. (wikipedia.org)
- PTLV-3 is about 40% different from PTLV-1 and -2. (wikipedia.org)
- We then combined our molecular results with paleobiogeographical and ecological data to infer the most likely evolutionary history of PTLV-1. (bvsalud.org)
Pathogen3
- The only other recognized species in the genus is Bovine leukemia virus, an economically-important cattle pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
- Marek's disease (MD) pathogen (MDV) can Muristerone A be a cell-associated, lymphotropic alphaherpesvirus of hens that triggers the most-common, extremely contagious T-cell lymphoma (6), and everything three serotypes of MDV appear to have been sequenced (1, 19, 22, 41). (scienza-under-18.org)
- We previously created a recombinant MDV (rMDV) expressing VP2 antigen in order from the simian pathogen 40 (SV40) early promoter and demonstrated that it had been secure for hens. (scienza-under-18.org)
Counterpart1
- Even less is known about this virus, as no simian counterpart has ever been found As of 2011[update]. (wikipedia.org)
Type2
- Phylogenetic tree generated on a 1,386-bp fragment of the env gene for 30 primate T-lymphotropic virus type 1 available sequences, including the 2 sequences generated in this work (in red boldface ). (cdc.gov)
- Protein isoforms encoded by the pX region of human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I. (rush.edu)
Gene4
- The env genes contain a cis-acting RNA target sequence for the rev protein (= GENE PRODUCTS, REV ), termed the rev-responsive element (RRE). (lookformedical.com)
- One of the potential effects of TEs is the generation of new gene sequences [ 3 , 6 , 7 ] such as the envelope (env) genes of retroviral origin found in several mammals. (ecancer.org)
- Systemic expression of HIV-1 tat gene in transgenic mice induces endothelial proliferation and tumors of different histotypes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- AAVs are nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses used in gene therapy to insert copies of missing genes into host cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
Genomic1
- SIV isolates that have been molecularly cloned share approxi-mately 75% of their genomic sequences with HIV-II and approximately 30% with NIV-I (10). (cdc.gov)
Antigen2
- Induction of Transient Virus Replication Facilitates Antigen-Independent Isolation of SIV-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies. (umassmed.edu)
- Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. (lookformedical.com)
Antibodies1
- The development of novel biological tools and technologies, such as specific antibodies and next-generation sequencing (NGS), are helping to overcome some of these limitations. (unil.ch)
Retroviral1
- DNA sequences that form the coding region for retroviral enzymes including reverse transcriptase, protease, and endonuclease/integrase. (lookformedical.com)
Genus1
- ABBR: AAV A genus in the parvovirus family whose members cannot replicate without the presence of another virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
Species5
- Recently, a molecular evolution study of the HERV-W provirus in several ape species and 24 humans demonstrated the conservation of syncytin-1, as well as its retention of receptor-mediated fusogenic activity [ 14 ]. (ecancer.org)
- For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
- For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
- However, except non-primate species often do not mour viruses is often problematic, for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which accurately reflect the mechanism of Part 1 · Chapter 9. (who.int)
- Professor Sharp said: "We are currently working to understand which genetic differences between SIVcpz and HIV-1 evolved as a response to the species jump. (balloon-juice.com)
Isolation1
- However, the virus apparently is rarely isolated from semen, urine, and saliva despite repeated attempts at isolation (M. Daniel, N. Lerche, personal communication). (cdc.gov)
Strain3
- The cell tropism of SIV in culture depends partially on the strain of virus propagated and conditions of cell culture. (cdc.gov)
- A strain has been fully sequenced. (wikipedia.org)
- Analysis of 15 novel full-length BK virus sequences from three individuals: evidence of a high intra-strain genetic diversity. (rush.edu)
Humans3
- It is not yet known how much further transmission has occurred among humans, or whether the virus can cause disease. (wikipedia.org)
- SIVcpz does not cause an Aids-like illness among chimpanzees, despite its similarity to the human virus and the very close genetic relationship between chimps and humans. (balloon-juice.com)
- The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (unboundmedicine.com)
Exposure1
- Chemical carcinogenesis was brought to light with the observations of Paracelsus on cancer onset and environmental exposure to chemicals undertaken over six centuries ago ( 1 - 3 ). (jcancer.org)
Phylogenetic1
- We used phylogenetic analyses of LTR sequences to infer evolutionary histories and potential transmission clusters. (cdc.gov)
Capsid2
- Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. (lookformedical.com)
- JC virus nucleotides 376-396 are critical for VP1 capsid protein expression. (rush.edu)
Antigens1
- The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (unboundmedicine.com)
AIDS2
- The Nobel Prize in Medicine 2008 has been awarded to Professors Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier for their discovery of the human immunodeficiency (AIDS) virus in 1983 at the Institut Pasteur, and to Prof. Harald zur Hausen for his discovery of the human papillomavirus, which is responsible for cervical cancer. (pasteur.fr)
- RESEARCHERS have traced the origin of HIV - the virus that causes Aids - to chimpanzees in southern Cameroon. (balloon-juice.com)
Promoter1
- Evidence for stimulation of the transforming growth factor β 1 promoter by HIV-1 Tat in cells derived from CNS. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Amino Acid Seq1
- Synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid sequence: QTSNFRVVPSGDVVRFPNITNL. (creative-biolabs.com)
LENTIVIRUS2
- [ 7 ] Os lentivirus teñen moitas morfoloxías e propiedades biolóxicas en común. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 8 ] Os lentivirus transmítense como virus de ARN con envoltura monocatenarios de sentido positivo. (wikipedia.org)
Animal viruses1
- Most animal viruses are also surrounded by a lipid envelope (a bilayered membrane analogous to a cell membrane). (unboundmedicine.com)
Protein1
- Nef protein of HIV-1 is a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1 LTR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Induces1
- Moreover, these receptors are functional, as treatment of FRT tissue cells with ligands for TLR and NOD induces production of proinflammatory CXCL8 [ 13 ], and those receptors actively participate in immune response to pathogens, as Neisseria gonorrhea and HIV-1 [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Ebola1
- Some of the most virulent diseases are caused by viruses, e.g., the hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
Proteins2
- The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
- Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
Hosts1
- A virus with reduced pathogenicity as a result of treatment or repeated passage through hosts. (unboundmedicine.com)