• The way in which DNA is folded determines how the letters are read out, and therefore which proteins are actually made. (feelguide.com)
  • Crucially, the sequence of bases in DNA contains the information for making proteins. (rainis.pics)
  • Single-molecule kinetics reveal microscopic mechanism by which High-Mobility Group B proteins alter DNA flexibility. (shengsci.com)
  • Eukaryotic High-Mobility Group B (HMGB) proteins alter DNA elasticity while facilitating transcription, replication and DNA repair. (shengsci.com)
  • Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins which bind to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
  • The solution structure of the amino-terminal domain of human DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B is homologous to C-domains of AAA+ proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Early structural studies provided evidence that an octamer of histone proteins wraps DNA around itself in about two turns of a left-handed superhelix. (wikidoc.org)
  • Overall, performed studies allowed us to postulate the hypothesis that KfrA type proteins have moonlighting activity - they not only act as transcriptional auto-regulators but form cytoskeletal structures, which might facilitate plasmid DNA delivery and its position in the cells. (edu.pl)
  • The tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) is a degenerate 34 amino acid sequence identified in a wide variety of proteins, present in tandem arrays of 3-16 motifs, which form scaffolds to mediate protein-protein interactions and often the assembly of multiprotein complexes. (embl.de)
  • But today's announcement confirms what scientists have suspected since the 1980s - there is a secret "hidden" code found inside the specific way each DNA molecule is wrapped up and folded. (feelguide.com)
  • Two of these paired strands make up the DNA molecule, which then twists into a helix. (rainis.pics)
  • In the more common B form, the DNA helix has a repeat of 10.5 base pairs per turn, with the sugar and phosphate forming the covalent phosphodiester "backbone" of the molecule, and the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine line up in the middle, where the base pairs we know today are, which look like the rungs of a ladder. (rainis.pics)
  • We developed a new single-molecule method to probe non-specific DNA interactions for two HMGB homologs: the human HMGB2 box A domain and yeast Nhp6Ap, along with chimeric mutants replacin. (shengsci.com)
  • The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated. (lookformedical.com)
  • Introduction DNA supercoiling is the twisting or coiling of the double helix structure of DNA, resulting in a strain on the molecule. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The kind of IB molecule via variola malware (vTopo) has proven to be attractive dealing with mechanistic queries about topoisomerase operate since it varieties the relatively easy to fix 3′-phosphotyrosyl adduct using the DNA central source with a distinct goal sequence (5′-CCCTT-3′) from which Genetic re-energizing could proceed. (wee1-receptor.com)
  • A unique feature of mitochondria is that they possess their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which codes for subunits of the electron transport chain that eventually leads to the synthesis of the ATP molecule. (csic.es)
  • We describe an improved model of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts, in which a circular plasmid immobilized on paramagnetic beads is used as a template. (shengsci.com)
  • PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. (lookformedical.com)
  • Gene duplication occurs through several mechanisms, including chromosomal duplication, retro transposition, and DNA replication errors. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Supercoiling is an essential process that occurs in all living organisms and is critical for a variety of cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and repair. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Pausing in simian virus 40 DNA replication by a sequence containing (dG-dA)27. (wikidata.org)
  • The replication terminator protein of E. coli is a DNA sequence-specific contra-helicase. (wikidata.org)
  • DNA polymerase epsilon, which is involved in DNA repair and replication, is composed of a large catalytic subunit and a small accessory subunit. (nih.gov)
  • 10,000-fold genomic coverage) and novel analytical tools to distinguish true events from sequencing errors. (drexel.edu)
  • In contrast to most eukaryotic cells mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. (wikidoc.org)
  • The miniF plasmid C protein: sequence, purification and DNA binding. (shengsci.com)
  • The C protein has been purified from cells carrying the Ptrp-C plasmid, and a preliminary study of C protein-DNA binding properties has been carried out. (shengsci.com)
  • DNA synthesis occurred on either circular or linear plasmids coupled to the beads, but only DNA synthesis on the circular plasmid was inhibited by geminin and a. (shengsci.com)
  • BACs are circular DNA molecules that are derived from the F-factor plasmid found in the bacterium E. coli. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Magnesium ion-dependent triple-helix structure formed by homopurine-homopyrimidine sequences in supercoiled plasmid DNA. (wikidata.org)
  • Her publications include: Parmbsc1: a refined force field for DNA simulations Cooperativity in drug-DNA recognition: a molecular dynamics study Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA She won the Suffrage Science award in 2019. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies have shown that DNA structural properties, such as curvature, stacking energy, and stress-induced duplex destabilization (SIDD) are useful in promoter prediction, as well. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) are DNA elements that serve to compartmentalize the chromatin into structural and functional domains. (researchgate.net)
  • The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. (lookformedical.com)
  • Structural polymorphism of homopurine--homopyrimidine sequences: the secondary DNA structure adopted by a d(GA.CT)22 sequence in the presence of zinc ions. (wikidata.org)
  • The core domain and the first eight residues of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the enzyme, including the active-site nucleophile tyrosine-723, share significant structural similarity with the bacteriophage family of DNA integrases. (embl.de)
  • A combined computational strategy of sequence and structural analysis predicts the existence of a functional eicosanoid pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. (cuny.edu)
  • Structural basis of mitochondrial DNA transcription and compaction. (csic.es)
  • The structural repeat unit contains two anti-parallel helices and a beta-hairpin, with repeats stacked in a superhelical arrangement. (thermofisher.com)
  • The complementary structure immediately suggested to Watson and Crick how DNA could (and does) replicate, and further explains how information from DNA is transferred to RNA for protein synthesis. (rainis.pics)
  • e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens. (lookformedical.com)
  • Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. (lookformedical.com)
  • Trading places: how do DNA polymerases switch during translesion DNA synthesis? (academicinfluence.com)
  • The double helix, made up of a pair of DNA strands, has bases in its core that are joined by hydrogen bonds to form base pairs: adenine always paired with thymine and guanine always paired with cytosine. (rainis.pics)
  • The microarray technology is based on the hybridization of labelled DNA or RNA molecules to complementary sequences that are immobilized on a solid substrate. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Principle of DNA MicroarrayThe principle of DNA microarray technology is based on the hybridization of complementary sequences of nucleic acid molecules. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Programmed genome rearrangements in Oxytricha produce transcriptionally active extrachromosomal circular DNA. (shengsci.com)
  • Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is both a driver of eukaryotic genome instability and a product of programmed genome rearrangements, but its extent had not been surveyed in Oxytricha, a ciliate with elaborate DNA elimination and translocation during development. (shengsci.com)
  • We have developed a novel method for mapping genes in bacteria, exploiting natural transformation in combination with genome-wide deep sequencing. (drexel.edu)
  • The amount of available biological data, originating from various experimental procedures (genome and transcriptome sequencing, structure determination, functional assays), is vast. (edu.pl)
  • Genome 10K: a proposal to obtain whole-genome sequence for 10,000 vertebrate species. (academicinfluence.com)
  • instead they moves jerkily, pausing on certain sequences and rapidly transcribing because of others. (elsafwany.com)
  • We demonstrate that relatively short single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides, 25-61 bases homologous to the target sequence except for a single mismatch to the targeted base, are capable of correcting a single point mutation (G to A) in the mutant beta-galactosidase gene, in nuclear extracts, episome, and chromosome of mammalian cells, with correction rates of approximately 0.05%, 1% and 0.1%, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Surprisingly, these short single-stranded oligonucleotides (ODN) showed a similar gene correction frequency to chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotide, measured using the same system. (nih.gov)
  • Deoxyoligonucleotides showed a higher frequency of gene correction than ribo-oligonucleotides of the identical sequence. (nih.gov)
  • Circular DNA sequences are present in bacterial, mitochondrial and cancer genomes, and offer promise for the design of gene vectors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Earliest, gene regulatory healthy protein known as transcriptional activators join to particular sequences inside DNA which help to attract RNA polymerase II for the start point away from transcription (Contour six-19). (elsafwany.com)
  • We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the C gene. (shengsci.com)
  • Introduction DNA microarrays are powerful tools for analysing gene expression patterns, detecting DNA mutations, and identifying genetic variations. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Purification, cDNA cloning, and gene mapping of the small subunit of human DNA polymerase epsilon. (nih.gov)
  • this both compacts DNA and creates an added layer of regulatory control which ensures correct gene expression. (wikidoc.org)
  • not, because the chatted about into the Chapter cuatro, DNA when you look at the eucaryotic tissue was packaged to the nucleosomes, being further set up in highest-order chromatin structures. (elsafwany.com)
  • Which interest is required to help the RNA polymerase additionally the general transcription situations inside conquering the situation away from joining to help you DNA that is packed within the chromatin. (elsafwany.com)
  • Because the discussed for the Part cuatro, both type of minerals makes it possible for higher accessibility to the fresh new DNA present in chromatin, and by doing this, it helps the latest system of your own transcription initiation gadgets onto DNA. (elsafwany.com)
  • Eucaryotic RNA polymerases must contend with chromatin design while they circulate together a great DNA layout. (elsafwany.com)
  • DNA in chromatin is organized in arrays of nucleosomes 1 .Two copies of each histone protein, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, are assembled into an octamer that has 145?147 base pairs (bp) of DNA wrapped around it to form a nucleosome core (of relative molecular mass 206K). (nature.com)
  • Epigenetics of a tandem DNA repeat: chromatin DNaseI sensitivity and opposite methylation changes in cancers. (shengsci.com)
  • DNA methylation and chromatin DNaseI sensitivity were analyzed in and adjacent to D4Z4 repeat arrays, which consist of 1 to approximately 100 tandem 3.3-kb units at subtelomeric 4q and 10q. (shengsci.com)
  • The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conformation of CHROMATIN determining the transcriptional accessibility or inaccessibility of the DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin [1] , which is used to pack the large eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus while still ensuring appropriate access to it (in mammalian cells approximately 2 m of linear DNA have to be packed into a nucleus of roughly 10 µm diameter). (wikidoc.org)
  • [6] Linker histones such as H1 and its isoforms are involved in chromatin compaction and sit at the base of the nucleosome near the DNA entry and exit binding to the linker region of the DNA. (wikidoc.org)
  • Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, can be considered as the information molecules of the cell. (rainis.pics)
  • Many of us infer in which the two superhelical density and transient associates involving vTopo and also the rotating DNA decide the efficiency regarding supercoil rejuvinating. (wee1-receptor.com)
  • We will discuss the mechanism of DNA supercoiling and the role of superhelical stress in DNA structure and function. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Molecular modeling and computational analyses suggests that the Sinorhizobium meliloti periplasmic regulator protein ExoR adopts a superhelical fold and is controlled by a unique mechanism of proteolysis. (cuny.edu)
  • Structure and mechanism of DNA topoisomerase II. (cathdb.info)
  • 2017). This protein also bears two HMG-boxes but the mechanism of binding is from one side of the DNA, as a staple. (csic.es)
  • Ever since Watson and Crick identified the structure of DNA molecules in 1953, scientists have assumed that the only information contained within each strand is the various combos of G, A, T and C inside the iconic double helix structure. (feelguide.com)
  • Today, every biology student knows about the double helix structure of DNA and how G pairs with C and A pairs with T. (rainis.pics)
  • Likewise, the actual bosom and religation rates from the MCs were not topologically primarily based, but topoisomers with low superhelical densities put together to wind down slower compared to highly supercoiled topoisomers, suggesting that will decreased torque Ocular biomarkers at low superhelical densities brings about a greater amount of series associated with bosom and ligation ahead of an effective relaxing celebration. (wee1-receptor.com)
  • We start with DNA, the genetic information in every cell that is copied and passed from generation to generation. (rainis.pics)
  • DNA was discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and identified as genetic material in experiments conducted by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty in the 1940s. (rainis.pics)
  • Introduction Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) is a powerful tool in Genetic Research Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) is a widely used tool in genetic research for the manipulation and study of DNA. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • A unique real regardless of whether topoisomerase action will be managed with the topological condition of the particular DNA, therefore offering the selleckchem system pertaining to ideal chemical in order to very supercoiled Genetic domain names within genomes. (wee1-receptor.com)
  • This sort of factors could be crucial in governing the steady-state superhelical occurrence involving Genetic domain names within the cell.Trial and error findings of the angular distribution regarding tiny droplets during lazer ablation along with deposition regarding 's skinny movies tend to be introduced along with discussed. (wee1-receptor.com)
  • The enzyme can introduce negative superhelical turns into double- stranded circular DNA. (cathdb.info)
  • These types of circumstances typically connect with RNA polymerase just after initiation possess happened that assist polymerases to move from wide selection of other DNA sequences which can be included in genetics. (elsafwany.com)
  • Unlike Topo IA enzymes, Topo IB enzymes do not require a single-stranded region of DNA or metal ions for their function. (embl.de)
  • Determination of restriction sites and the nucleotide sequence surrounding the relaxation site of ColE1. (musc.edu)
  • These circular sequences can withstand superhelical stresses, resulting in the formation of DNA supercoils. (wikipedia.org)
  • Harris developed the mathematical models and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations that can accurately describe these DNA supercoils. (wikipedia.org)
  • eukaryotic topoisomerase I and topoisomerase V). These enzymes are primarily responsible for relaxing positively and/or negatively supercoiled DNA, except for reverse gyrase, which can introduce positive supercoils into DNA. (embl.de)
  • This region covers both the catalytic core and the DNA-binding domains. (embl.de)
  • The enzymes that dephosphorylate these three amino acids are classified into four groups on the basis of specific catalytic signatures/domain sequences and substrate preference. (ac.be)
  • Sequence-specific recognition of the major groove of DNA by oligodeoxynucleotides via triple helix formation. (wikidata.org)
  • Sequence-specific cleavage of double helical DNA by triple helix formation. (wikidata.org)
  • The two helices are denoted helix A and helix B. The packing angle between helix A and helix B is ~24 degrees within a single TPR and generates a right-handed superhelical shape. (embl.de)
  • A) The rigid base-pair model is forced, using 28 constraints (indicated by red spheres), into a lefthanded superhelical path that mimics the DNA conformation in the nucleosome crystal structure [4]. (feelguide.com)
  • The repeating nucleosome cores further assemble into higher-order structures which are stabilized by the linker histone H1 and these compact linear DNA overall by a factor of 30?40. (nature.com)
  • The nucleosome, in its role as the principal packaging element of DNA within the nucleus, is the primary determinant of DNA accessibility. (nature.com)
  • A histone chaperone that facilitates nucleosome assembly by mediating the formation of the histone octamer and its transfer to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The nucleosome core particle consists of approximately 147 [5] base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.67 left-handed superhelical turns around a histone octamer consisting of 2 copies each of the core histones H2A , H2B , H3 , and H4 . (wikidoc.org)
  • The crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle consisting of H2A , H2B , H3 and H4 and DNA. (wikidoc.org)
  • The nucleosome contains over 120 direct protein-DNA interactions and several hundred water mediated ones [13] . (wikidoc.org)
  • Two apparently homologous TFAM binding sites, DNA Site-X and Site-Y, similar to and downstream from LSP, unexpectedly show distinct DNA-structure features and TFAM binds to them in opposite directions, imposing again a U-turn (Cuppari el al. (csic.es)
  • The theory suggests that mechanical cues within the DNA structures determine how preferentially DNA folds. (feelguide.com)
  • In this section, we examine the structures of DNA and RNA and how these structures relate to the functions of these molecules. (rainis.pics)
  • Structures of homopurine-homopyrimidine tract in superhelical DNA. (wikidata.org)
  • The crystal structures of human topoisomerase I comprising the core and carboxyl-terminal domains in covalent and noncovalent complexes with 22-base pair DNA duplexes reveal an enzyme that 'clamps' around essentially B-form DNA. (embl.de)
  • Our biochemical analyses showed that TFAM binds to DNA structures, such as G-quadruplexes (Lyonnais et al. (csic.es)
  • The new design to own transcription initiation just discussed was depending by the discovering the experience regarding RNA polymerase II and its own standard transcription situations to the refined DNA themes for the vitro. (elsafwany.com)
  • Because of this, transcription initiation within the an effective eucaryotic telephone is far more complex and needs a whole lot more healthy protein than it does towards the filtered DNA. (elsafwany.com)
  • Here we simply remember that the visibility into DNA becomes necessary for transcription initiation into the an effective eucaryotic phone. (elsafwany.com)
  • H. influenzae , like many other pathogens, is naturally competent, able to actively transport environmental DNA through its cell membranes and incorporate homologous molecules into its chromosomes. (drexel.edu)
  • This low-resolution struc- ture confirmed the disc-like shape of the particle deduced from earlier studies 19 which results from the flat, left-handed superhelical arrangement of the DNA. (nature.com)
  • Due to the highly basic charge of all four core histones, the histone octamer is only stable in the presence of DNA or very high salt concentrations. (wikidoc.org)
  • 2019). In these studies we showed that TFAM/DNA complexes multimerize at higher concentrations. (csic.es)
  • These results show that a relatively short ODN can make a sequence-specific change in the target sequence in mammalian cells, at a similar frequency as the chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotide. (nih.gov)
  • In our group, we employ computational techniques, such as deep learning, molecular dynamics simulations, and sequence analysis to make use of this data. (edu.pl)
  • Furthermore, there are clearly other factors not directly related to sequence motifs that are closely associated with promoter regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The TPR motif consists of 3-16 tandem-repeats of 34 amino acids residues, although individual TPR motifs can be dispersed in the protein sequence. (embl.de)
  • She was a graduate student at the University of Nottingham where she studied the structure and dynamics of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Theoretical investigations of DNA structure and dynamics (PhD thesis). (wikipedia.org)
  • The race to unravel the structure of DNA was one of the greatest scientific stories of the 20th century. (rainis.pics)
  • Both histone/histone and histone/DNA interactions depend on the histone fold domains and additional, well ordered structure elements extending from this motif. (nature.com)
  • This entry represents the C-terminal region of DNA topoisomerase I enzymes from eukaryotes (type IB enzymes). (embl.de)
  • DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing). (cathdb.info)
  • Histone amino-terminal tails pass over and between the gyres of the DNA superhelix to contact neighbouring particles. (nature.com)
  • Sequence alignment of the TPR domains reveals a consensus sequence defined by a pattern of small and large amino acids. (embl.de)
  • Mutations/polymorphisms in the 55 kDa subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon in human colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Her research investigates biomolecular simulations and the topology of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Topology and formation of triple-stranded H-DNA. (wikidata.org)
  • C protein binds strongly to pifO, and weakly to sequences in the ori-1 region. (shengsci.com)
  • Such as, new intermediary, RNA polymerase II, and many of your own general transcription factors is also join to each and every most other on nucleoplasm and stay delivered to new DNA because the an excellent device. (elsafwany.com)
  • Nucleotides that contain deoxyribose are called deoxyribonucleotides and are the forms found in DNA. (rainis.pics)
  • Direct protein - DNA interactions are not spread evenly about the octamer surface but rather located at discrete sites. (wikidoc.org)
  • [7] Non-condensed nucleosomes without the linker histone resemble "beads on a string of DNA" under an electron microscope . (wikidoc.org)
  • Adjacent nucleosomes are joined by a stretch of free DNA termed "linker DNA" which varies from 10 - 80 bp in length depending on species and tissue type [10] ). (wikidoc.org)