Sensory olfaction neurons encodes. Medical search. Frequent questions

The olfactory receptor encoded by this gene responded to isovaleric acid whereas the pseudogene produced no response and other intact genes did not respond to this ligand. (blogspot.com)
In most cell types these genes are dispersed throughout the nucleus, but in olfactory sensory neurons they come together in 3D space to form large heterochromatic chromatin hubs. (monahanlab.com)
The newly described formyl peptide receptor-related genes and vomeronasal sensory neurons, are found in multiple mammalian species. (nutrition-nutritionists.com)
They are similar to the four known olfactory receptor gene classes, these genes encode seven-transmembrane proteins, and are characterized by monogenic transcription and a punctate expression pattern in the sensory neuroepithelium. (nutrition-nutritionists.com)
We hypothesize that the radiation of the group γ-c OR genes in each bird lineage parallels the evolution of specific olfactory sensory functions. (biomedcentral.com)
And once you can map the genes, that is, determine the neurons that they're expressed in, you can couple that with genetic alterations in animals to study what happens when you turn a gene on or turn it off, and in that way you can learn more about the roles of individual neurons in the neural circuit. (tatulo.pl)
So Richard Axel had begun a collaboration with Eric Kandel, studying neurons in the sea snail, using molecular biology to study genes involved in the nervous system. (tatulo.pl)
Perhaps not surprisingly, I was interested in searching for genes encoding neuronal cell surface receptors. (tatulo.pl)
It details the likely influences both of human chemical communication and of olfaction on genes in neurosecretory neurons. (microrna.pro)
Atonal is a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein, which is the founding member of an important family of proneural genes that function to initiate the development of two major types of sensory neurons used in vision and hearing. (ucsf.edu)

Mammalian genomes encode hundreds of olfactory receptors, allowing us to sense many diverse odorants, but each olfactory sensory neuron expresses only one type of receptor, which is determined by the stochastic and monoallelic choice of a single olfactory receptor gene for expression. (monahanlab.com)
These neurons are found in brain tissue responsible for integrating, coordinating, and directing reproductive endocrine function in organs that comprise the organ systems known to influence mammalian reproductive sexual behavior and human sexuality. (microrna.pro)
article{Lungu2017, abstract = {Neurons in the mammalian motor cortices encode physical parameters of voluntary movements during planning and execution of a motor task. (computational-systems-neuroscience.de)

250 LHNs in locusts using intracellular recordings to characterize their responses to sensory stimuli, dye-fills to characterize their morphologies, and immunostaining to characterize their neurotransmitters. (jneurosci.org)
and integrating multimodal sensory stimuli. (jneurosci.org)
A paper by Riviere et al in Nature May 2009 ) describes the identification of a chemosensory neuron in the rodent nose that responds to stimuli associated with cell damage, disease and inflammation, These results should help us to understand how animals identify pathogens or assess the health status of potential partners. (nutrition-nutritionists.com)
Each olfactory division contains several types of sensory cell identified by the receptors and other proteins they express, the connections they make in the olfactory part of the brain, and the chemical stimuli to which they respond. (nutrition-nutritionists.com)
Third, the animal has to be able to adapt to environmental changes and to form a sensory memory of new stimuli. (elifesciences.org)
The ability to store and retrieve associations between specific sensory stimuli and behaviorally relevant information is a vital memory function: it allows the organism to adapt its behavior based on prior experience. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)

The lateral horn (LH) of the insect brain is thought to play several important roles in olfaction, including maintaining the sparseness of responses to odors by means of feedforward inhibition, and encoding preferences for innately meaningful odors. (jneurosci.org)
Reporting in Nature on July 1, researchers describe for the first time how relationships between different odors are encoded in the olfactory cortex, the region of brain responsible for processing smell. (harvard.edu)
Through the actions of interglomerular circuitry, principal neurons respond to odors with complex patterns of action potentials. (nih.gov)
Further, spikes from many principal neurons tend to fire together in oscillatory synchrony that is required for precise discrimination of odors. (nih.gov)
Olfaction is a principal sensory modality in rodents, and rats quickly learn to discriminate between odors and to associate odor with reward. (haifa.ac.il)
Moreover, functional imaging disclosed a LH region tuned to repulsive odors comprised exclusively of third-order neurons. (elifesciences.org)
Other insects, such as honey bees and hawk moths, have olfactory systems with a similar architecture and might also employ a similar spatial approach to encode information regarding the intensity and identity of odors. (elifesciences.org)
Locusts, on the other hand, employ a temporal approach to encoding information about odors. (elifesciences.org)
1. This book incorporates both non-human animal and human models of reciprocity among odors, olfaction, neuroendocrinology, and behavior. (microrna.pro)

Our results are inconsistent with widely accepted views on the composition of the LH, on the mechanisms underlying the sparseness of odor representations and the decoding of the PN input in KCs, and on the role of different LHNs in encoding innate preferences. (jneurosci.org)
This is the first demonstration of how the olfactory cortex encodes information about the very thing that it's responsible for, which is odor chemistry, the fundamental sensory cues of olfaction," Datta said. (harvard.edu)
Sensory neurons in the nose detect odor molecules and relay signals to the olfactory bulb, a structure in the forebrain where initial odor processing occurs. (harvard.edu)
Olfaction is now widely understood to require a high-dimensional representation - there exists no systematic, mathematically compact means to represent the odor world. (nih.gov)
Across species, large numbers of odor receptor neurons with diverse sensitivities line peripheral structures. (nih.gov)
found that a subset of neurons called inhibitory projection neurons processes information about whether the odor is attractive or repulsive, and that a second subset of these neurons process information about the intensity of the odor. (elifesciences.org)
Improving odor classification through self-organized lateral inhibition in a spiking olfaction-inspired network. (fu-berlin.de)
experimental findings suggest that MC and mTC may encode parallel and complementary odor representations. (yale.edu)

To address this, we developed a genetic method in Drosophila called olfactogenetics in which a narrowly tuned odorant receptor, Or56a, is ectopically expressed in different olfactory neuron types. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)

green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions revealed egl-2 expression in a subset of neurons and muscles that could explain the mutant behavioral defects. (jneurosci.org)

We are presently applying the "toolkit" we have used to study olfaction (relatively simple experimental systems, tight control over stimulus timing, simultaneous recordings from multiple neurons, point-to-point analysis of information flow, and statistical tests of information content) to study gustation. (nih.gov)
In our group, we study olfaction as a key sense that many species depend on for survival. (ibehave.nrw)

Aim 1 will clarify a light-independent role for Rh7 in the response of gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) to an aversive tastant. (grantome.com)
Conceptually similar to our recent discovery that opsins expressed in thermosensory neurons allow flies to sense small increases in temperature in the comfortable range, we propose to test that an opsin acts in olfactory receptor neurons to detect minute concentrations of an aversive odorant through an amplification cascade. (grantome.com)
The receptor neurons project brain-ward, sorting by receptor type, and converging upon relatively small numbers of inter-connected glomeruli. (nih.gov)
In female mosquitoes, AgOR1-expressing olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) were almost exclusively segregated in segments 3 to 9, whereas AgOR2-expressing ORNs were distributed over flagellomeres 2 to 13. (ijbs.com)
Insects detect and discriminate volatile odorants by means of olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) located in sensory structures called olfactory sensilla. (ijbs.com)

Each chemosensory neuron type in C . elegans expresses multiple chemoreceptors that are likely tuned to different odorants, a subset of which can be behaviorally discriminated [ 27 , 28 ]. (plos.org)

Food availability, competition for available food resources (population density, as measured by the concentration of a constitutively secreted pheromone), and temperature are assessed by identified chemosensory and thermosensory neurons, and signals are transduced from these neurons to affect the physiology and structure of most cell types in the body. (biomedcentral.com)

Although mechanisms operating at the level of single sensory neuron types or sensilla in the periphery have also been implicated in this process [ 14 - 21 ], the contributions of sensory neurons to mediating odorant discrimination and olfactory behavioral plasticity are not fully understood. (plos.org)
As NR2a-containing NMDARs mediate shorter excitatory postsynaptic currents than those containing NR2b, we suggest that learning-induced regulation of NMDAR composition constrains subsequent synaptic plasticity, thereby maintaining the memory encoded by experience. (haifa.ac.il)
Yamada Y, Bhaukaurally K, Madarász TJ, Pouget A , Rodriguez I , Carleton A . Context- and Output Layer-Dependent Long-Term Ensemble Plasticity in a Sensory Circuit. (neurotree.org)

Following heterologous expression in the empty neuron system of Drosophila melanogaster , we show by single sensillum recordings that CpomOR19 and SlitOR19 show similar affinity to several substituted indanes. (frontiersin.org)
Olfactory Neurons and Brain Centers Directing Oviposition Decisions in Drosophila. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
Similar to the majority of vertebrate neurons, the Drosophila da neurons show clear dendrite vs. axon polarity including the orientations of microtubules (MT). It is well known from numerous studies in various organisms that MT cytoskeleton plays a major role for the proper establishment and maintenance of neuronal architecture. (ucsf.edu)
We recently found that Golgi outposts serve this role in the dendrites of Drosophila da neurons. (ucsf.edu)
For example, in the Drosophila PNS, the Zn-finger containing protein Hamlet functions as a binary switch between the elaborate multiple dendrite morphology of da neurons and the single, un-branched dendrite morphology of external sensory (es) neurons. (ucsf.edu)

In the locust, olfactory information is sent from peripheral olfactory organs to the antennal lobe (AL) and is then carried as the oscillatory output of a synchronized population of projection neurons (PNs) ( Wehr and Laurent, 1996 ) to two higher olfactory centers. (jneurosci.org)
Projection neurons partnering with these OSNs share a region of innervation in the lateral horn, suggesting that oviposition site selection might be encoded in this brain region. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
We characterized an olfactory-processing pathway, comprised of inhibitory projection neurons (iPNs) that target the LH exclusively, at morphological, functional and behavioral levels. (elifesciences.org)
Ackels T. , Jordan R., Schaefer A.T. and Fukunaga I. Respiration-Locking of Olfactory Receptor and Projection Neurons in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb and Its Modulation by Brain State, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 14, 1-15 (2020). (ibehave.nrw)
Zeppilli S., Ackels T. , Attey R., Klimpert N., Boeing S., Crombach A., Schaefer A.T. and Fleischmann A. Molecular characterization of projection neuron subtypes in the mouse olfactory bulb. (ibehave.nrw)

Tatti R , Bhaukaurally K, Gschwend O , Seal RP , Edwards RH , Rodriguez I , Carleton A . A population of glomerular glutamatergic neurons controls sensory information transfer in the mouse olfactory bulb. (neurotree.org)

Given the degree of neuronal pathway conservation between C. elegans and vertebrates, understanding how social recognition occurs in the worm nervous system can provide insights into how vertebrate neural systems encode social information. (wpi.edu)
Compared to the vertebrate, the insect nervous system contains relatively few neurons, most of which are readily accessible for electrophysiological study. (nih.gov)

In our lab we utilize this technology to implement bio-inspired networks for sensory processing to classify and discriminate inputs with the potential to control agent behavior in real-time. (computational-systems-neuroscience.de)
Dendrite arborization patterns are critical determinants of neural circuit formation and influence the type of synaptic or sensory inputs a neuron is able to receive. (ucsf.edu)

Odorants can also be perceived by entering the nose posteriorly through the nasopharynx to reach the olfactory receptor via retronasal olfaction. (medscape.com)
This singular receptor controls olfactory neuron identity by determining the set of odorants that each olfactory neuron can recognize and by determining the set of downstream connection it will make in the olfactory bulb. (monahanlab.com)
Non-volatile odorants, including many pheromones and other odorants that drive innate responses, are primarily detected by sensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ. (monahanlab.com)
We and others have shown that the firing patterns of these neurons contain information about the identity, concentration, and timing of odorants. (nih.gov)
It further indicated that, in the olfactory epithelium, neurons that detect the same odorant are dispersed and those that detect different odorants are interspersed. (tatulo.pl)
Gschwend O , Beroud J, Vincis R , Rodriguez I , Carleton A . Dense encoding of natural odorants by ensembles of sparsely activated neurons in the olfactory bulb. (neurotree.org)

It turns out that opsins, which have been studied for >100 years as light sensors, are expressed outside of the visual system and function in a variety of sensory modalities. (grantome.com)
Our recent results suggest that gustation may operate in a similar fashion, thus providing new opportunities to better understand how the brain processes complex information, and how multiple sensory modalities are combined. (nih.gov)
Sensory input across modalities is highly dynamic and continuously confronts the brain with the task of making sense of the external world. (ibehave.nrw)

Stimulation with geosmin (the only known Or56a ligand) in an Or56a mutant background leads to specific activation of only target olfactory neuron types. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
The sensory experience is produced by stimulation of specific receptors in the oral cavity. (medscape.com)

Among vertebrates, the sense of smell is mediated by olfactory receptors (ORs) expressed in sensory neurons within the olfactory epithelium [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

DFG Priority Programme SPP1392: 'Integrative Analysis of Olfaction' (first funding period), subproject ' Testing olfactory bulb chemotopy and deorphanizing olfactory receptors by combining in vivo functional imaging and virtual screening ' in collaboration with Hartwig Spors (MPI for Biophysics, Frankfurt/Main). (fu-berlin.de)

2004) used WLC networks (via the Fitzhugh-Nagumo & Lotka-Volterra models, respectively) to connect the mathematical concept of stable heteroclinic channels (SHCs) to transient neural dynamics more generally, particularly other sensory processes and more abstract neural connections. (wikipedia.org)

Our results indicate that context-dependent recruitment of alternative intracellular signaling pathways within a single sensory neuron type conveys opposite hedonic valences, thereby providing a robust mechanism for odorant encoding and discrimination at the periphery. (plos.org)

focused on a population of interneurons in the LH [LHIs, a subtype of LH neurons (LHNs)] that extends processes to the MB and appears to be GABAergic. (jneurosci.org)

Our results thus establish the role of specific inhibitory circuit in pre-cortical sensory area in orchestrating ELA-dependent changes. (nature.com)
These glomeruli contain and share excitatory and inhibitory local interneurons and mainly excitatory principal neurons. (nih.gov)

The more kinds of active receptors present in the sensory neurons of the nasal cavity, the greater the capacity to detect low concentrations of odorant. (blogspot.com)

These receptors are present on dendrites of olfactory sensory neurons found in the main olfactory or vomeronasal sensory epithelia, and are involved in the odorant, trace amineassociated receptor and vomeronasal type 1 receptor superfamilies. (nutrition-nutritionists.com)

Rather than serving exclusively in photosensation, we are finding that opsins are broadly required sensory receptors, potentially playing roles as far-ranging as TRP channels. (grantome.com)
Therefore, unraveling highly sensitive receptors for gustation and olfaction in insects has important potential for developing new strategies for interfering with the recognition and attraction of humans by insect disease vectors. (grantome.com)

instead, it appears that another mechanism, feedback inhibition from the giant GABAergic neuron, serves this function. (jneurosci.org)

More specifically, we seek to understand how neurons interpret social signals, both individually and as members of circuits, producing specific behaviors in C. elegans . (wpi.edu)
Vincis R , Lagier S, Van De Ville D, Rodriguez I , Carleton A . Sensory-Evoked Intrinsic Imaging Signals in the Olfactory Bulb Are Independent of Neurovascular Coupling. (neurotree.org)

daf-7 and daf-28 are expressed in chemosensory neurons in the amphid sensillae, which senses environmental cues that regulate dauer formation. (biomedcentral.com)

Schmuker M, Schneider G (2007): Processing and classification of chemical data inspired by insect olfaction. (fu-berlin.de)

Spontaneous foraging is regulated by a neural circuit composed of three classes of neurons: IL1, OLQ, and RMD, and we found that Ras functions in this neural circuit to modulate the direction of locomotion. (biomedcentral.com)

The valence of individual chemicals is largely determined by the responding sensory neuron type, such that distinct subsets of chemosensory neurons drive either attraction or avoidance to different chemicals [ 25 , 26 ]. (plos.org)
Assens A, Dal Col J, Njoku A, Dietschi Q, Kan C, Feinstein P , Carleton A , Rodriguez I . Alteration of Nrp1 signaling at different stages of olfactory neuron maturation promotes glomerular shifts along distinct axes in the olfactory bulb. (neurotree.org)

We demonstrate that iPNs are subdivided into two morphological groups encoding positive hedonic valence or intensity information and conveying these features into separate domains in the LH. (elifesciences.org)

Ongoing advances in genetics permit targeting specific neurons for optogenetic or electrophysiological recording or manipulations of activity. (nih.gov)
We used online position tracking, high-density extracellular recordings and closed-loop manipulations to trigger optogenetic silencing of a subset of CA1 pyramidal neurons, selectively during SPW-Rs at goal locations. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)

We are intrigued by the sensory mechanisms that govern patterned neuronal activity in olfactory circuits, ranging from single cells to neuronal networks, and how this elicits behaviour. (ibehave.nrw)

We show that the Caenorhabditis elegans egl-2 gene encodes an eag K + channel and that a gain-of-function mutation in egl-2 blocks excitation in neurons and muscles by causing the channel to open at inappropriately negative voltages. (jneurosci.org)
Caenorhabditis elegans senses and navigates its complex chemical environment using a small subset of sensory neurons [ 22 - 24 ]. (plos.org)

We try to answer these questions by combining mouse genetics with molecular and genomic analysis of olfactory neurons in vivo. (monahanlab.com)
The project will employ an extensive suite of in vivo approaches including electrophysiology and Ca2+ imaging, behavioral assays, cell biology and state-of-the art molecular genetic approaches, to study unconventional roles we found for opsins in gustation and olfaction. (grantome.com)

Encoding of natural sounds by variance of the cortical local field potential. (uni-bielefeld.de)

In the bulb, the axons of olfactory sensory neurons synapse in about 2,000 spherical structures, called glomeruli. (tatulo.pl)

We use the fly transgenic technique to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the dendritic arborization (da) neurons, a group of sensory neurons with a stereotyped dendritic branching pattern. (ucsf.edu)

To unravel the neural underpinnings and to dissect out the causality between circuits and disorder phenotypes, brain areas that are capable of encoding sensation as well as cognition can be directly studied in animal models. (nature.com)
Focusing on interpreting olfactory dysfunction in neurological disorders, we aim to understand how olfaction is coded in the brain. (wpi.edu)
The projections of principal neurons lead to large populations of follower neurons in brain areas that have been linked to learning and memory. (nih.gov)
Inspired by various fields such as biology, physics and computer science its goal is to mimic a neuron-based brain architecture in electronic circuits. (computational-systems-neuroscience.de)
Brain-machine interfaces can decode limb movements from the activity of these neurons in real time. (computational-systems-neuroscience.de)
More generally, we aim at understanding how sensory information is routed and processed in the brain to integrate lasting memories. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
Sexual Paradox in the Conscious Brain , 2003 with work on mirror neurons and sexual differences. (dhushara.com)

Rodent studies showed that during SPW-Rs, neurons coding for specific locations in space ("place cells") replay previous waking activity patterns, corresponding to entire spatial trajectories. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)

It provides sensory innervation to the base of the tongue and both motor and sensory innervation to part of the pharynx. (medscape.com)

In conjunction with its social-behavioral repertoire, we can understand how the nervous system detects, encodes, and transmits sensory information underlying social behaviors: such as finding a mate, avoiding unfavorable conditions or parenting and bonding. (wpi.edu)

Thus, human pheromones may fulfill the biological criteria required to link at least one aspect of a sensory-based, nurturing, social environment: olfaction, to the genetic nature of human behavior through a five-step pathway common to all terrestrial mammals and to many other vertebrates. (microrna.pro)
Olfaction is a central sensory modality in rodents as it supports an array of crucial behaviors such as predator avoidance, feeding, reproduction, maternal behavior and social interactions. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)

Ackels T.* , Erskine A.*, Dasgupta D.*, Marin A.C., Warner T.P.A., Tootoonian S., Fukunaga I., Harris J.J. and Schaefer A.T. Fast odour dynamics are encoded in the olfactory system and guide behaviour. (ibehave.nrw)

von der Weid B, Rossier D, Lindup M, Tuberosa J, Widmer A, Col JD, Kan C, Carleton A , Rodriguez I . Large-scale transcriptional profiling of chemosensory neurons identifies receptor-ligand pairs in vivo. (neurotree.org)

Remarkably, three encode components of the secretory pathway. (ucsf.edu)

Our results of our physiological and behavioral experiments suggest the gustatory system encodes information not about basic taste categories, but rather about the identities of individual tastants. (nih.gov)

Anatomy87

Organisms27

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