AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Sertoli CellsSertoli Cell TumorTestisSeminiferous TubulesSpermatogenesisSeminiferous EpitheliumBlood-Testis BarrierSpermatidsSpermatogoniaSpermatocytesLeydig CellsFollicle Stimulating HormoneSpermatozoaReceptors, FSHAndrogen-Binding ProteinTestosteroneTesticular HormonesSertoli Cell-Only SyndromeInhibinsGerm CellsSexual MaturationClusterinTesticular DiseasesCryptorchidismCells, CulturedAntispermatogenic AgentsAnti-Mullerian HormoneRats, Sprague-DawleyTransferrinSperm CountSex-Determining Region Y ProteinOrgan SizeSOX9 Transcription FactorImmunohistochemistryInfertility, MaleTight JunctionsCell CountGATA4 Transcription FactorRNA, MessengerEpididymisDiethylhexyl PhthalateSex DifferentiationRete TestisMicroscopy, ElectronSeminal VesiclesBucladesineOligospermiaReceptors, AndrogenIntercellular JunctionsSex Determination ProcessesGonadsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionOrchitisRats, Inbred StrainsInhibin-beta SubunitsTesticular NeoplasmsFertility
TubulesTestisTubuleSpermatogenesisEpitheliumTestesSpermatogoniaProliferationSpermatogenicTubularMaturationEctoplasmicSomaticSpermatidsPeritubularCytoplasmMature spermatozoaSpermatozoaApoptosisFetalAzoospermiaLocalizationSemenLeydig CellsGerminal cellsTissueComplete loss of germ cellsMammalianMigrationFertilityVitroSyndromePhysiologyConclusionsBasalGerm cell developmentNormalFollicleStemMutationsFormationActin
Tubules23
Testis16
  • [ 1 ] Sertoli cells help to make up the blood-testis barrier and are responsible assisting with sperm production. (medscape.com)
  • This hematoxylin and eosin section of a testis biopsy (400X) demonstrates an individual tubule lined only with Sertoli cells (Sertoli-cell-only [SCO] syndrome). (medscape.com)
  • Sertoli cells contribute to the formation of the blood-testis barrier and aid in sperm generation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although a high level of PDE10A gene expression is observed in the testis, information on the identity of the isoforms or on the cell type that express the PDE10 protein is lacking. (plos.org)
  • The objective of this study was to identify the PDE10A isoforms expressed in the testis and germ cells, and to determine the presence and localization of PDE10A in mature spermatozoa. (plos.org)
  • Junctional devices in Sertoli cells conform the blood-testis barrier and play a key role in maturation and differentiation of germ cells. (techscience.com)
  • In conclusion, significant interrelations among the β-actin network, the junctional complexes of the blood-testis barrier and the ectoplasmic specializations were detected at different stages of the seminiferous cycle. (techscience.com)
  • The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
  • Nanos1A was strongly expressed in brain and also localized in all germ cell types in the polarized testis. (nature.com)
  • Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. (plos.org)
  • particularly the Sertoli cells, which play a major role in spermatogenesis and are the main cell type in the testis which expresses T 3 receptors [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is well established that the formation of normal numbers of Sertoli cells is a key factor in determining testis size, germ cell numbers per testis, and sperm production rate in adulthood in a range of mammals, including humans [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Proliferation and functional maturation of Sertoli cells, and their relevance to disorders of testis function in adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • The histopathological examination of the gonads revealed atrophy of seminiferous tubule of testis and the epididymis in the two highest dose groups (200 and 800 mg/kg). (europa.eu)
  • Giant cell formation in the testis, which is usually accompanies germinal celldegeneration/atrophy was observed at the dose of 50 mg/kg and above. (europa.eu)
  • The testis and epididymis were rapidly collected, and the sperm quality, testicular histology, Sertoli cell numbers, tight junction (TJ) ultrastructure, and blood-testis barrier-associated protein expression and localization were assessed. (bvsalud.org)
Tubule5
  • The Sertoli cells line the seminiferous tubule. (medscape.com)
  • Testicular plasmacytoma composed of sheets of immature plasma cells surrounding an atrophic seminiferous tubule containing only Sertoli cells. (webpathology.com)
  • This compromised testicular antioxidant status might have contributed to poor growth and development by affecting the spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in rats before puberty as indicated by reduced germ cell number, complete absence of round spermatids, decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, and decreased testosterone level. (hindawi.com)
  • Germ cell movement within the epithelium is vital because germ cells, if induced to release into the tubule lumen prematurely, will be unable to fertilize the ovum. (proteinlounge.com)
  • tubule to a central location and get attach ed around the Sertoli cells. (studypool.com)
Spermatogenesis11
  • These cells respond to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) released by the hypothalamus, which helps to promote spermatogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Taniguchi and colleagues reported that while hOvol1 and hOvol2 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the testes of patients capable of spermatogenesis, they were not detected in those with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • These cells respond to follicle-stimulating hormone, which is secreted by the hypothalamus and aids in spermatogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
  • Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
  • From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
  • NANOS2 has also been identified as a key stem cell regulator in Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC) of mature individuals by maintaining the stem cell fate during spermatogenesis in mice 10 . (nature.com)
  • In vitro spermatogenesis could indeed be proposed to patients with testicular localization of residual tumor cells, for whom testicular tissue autografting is not indicated (about 30% of patients with acute leukemia). (elifesciences.org)
  • Histology evaluation: Arrest of spermatogenesis predominantly at pachytene stage of meiotic prophase or meiotic division stage (see 1), some germ cells appear apoptotic (see 2). (jax.org)
  • Sertoli-Germ (Spermatid)-cell interactions affect spermatogenesis at the molecular, cellular and biochemical levels. (proteinlounge.com)
  • Male- stimulates sertoli cells in testes to initiate spermatogenesis upto secondary spermatocytes b. (gradebuddy.com)
Epithelium9
  • Labelling was found near the basal lamina, surrounding early spermatocytes (presumably in leptotene-zygotene) or at one of two levels in the seminiferous epithelium: (1) around deep infoldings of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm, in tubular stages before spermiation, and (2) in the superficial part of the seminiferous epithelium, in tubular stages after or during spermiation. (techscience.com)
  • Ectoplasmic specializations were found at two different levels of the seminiferous epithelium. (techscience.com)
  • These changes over time and distance are designated the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave, respectively. (jci.org)
  • The epididymal ducts showed pseudostratified columnar epithelium with secretory cells of which stereocilia design, situated on a basement membrane filled by myoid cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • This epithelium has principal and basal cells, the main cell design stereocilia toward the lumen of the epididymal duct. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the other hand, if germ cells are forced to remain attached to the seminiferous epithelium for a period of time longer than necessary to complete their development, they will degenerate and eventually be phagocytosed by Sertoli cells and for this, proper regulation of germ cell migration in the seminiferous epithelium and at blood-testes barrier (abbreviated as BTB) is essential (Ref.1). (proteinlounge.com)
  • Each is lined by germinal epithelium formed of germ cells and Sertoli (nurse) cells. (ncertmcq.com)
  • Each ovary is lined by the germinal epithelium of germ cells which form primary follicles. (ncertmcq.com)
  • RESULTS: WZ significantly increased sperm concentration and sperm viability, improved the degenerative histomorphology and elevated the seminiferous epithelium height. (bvsalud.org)
Testes6
  • The evidence that the culture of testicular fragments of 6.5-day-old mouse testes does not allow optimal differentiation of steroidogenic cells is compelling and should enable further optimizations in the future. (elifesciences.org)
  • It upregulated the declined level of serum testosterone and the expression of steroidogenic genes such as CYP11A1 and 17β3-HSD with an obvious histologic improvement of the testes with re-establishment of the normal spermatogenic series, Sertoli and Leydig cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Male- stimulates interstitial cells (leydig cells) of testes to produce testosterone (ICSH) b. (gradebuddy.com)
  • Likewise, Sertoli cells isolated from pre-pubertal rat testes have been marked for later detection by the phagocytosis of latex beads [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second important function of the testes is steroidogenesis within the Leydig cells, where cholesterol is converted to testosterone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The interstitial cells (Leydig's cells) of testes produce the male sex hormone, testosterone. (ncertmcq.com)
Spermatogonia3
  • Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
  • C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)
  • A role of this gene in Germinal Stem Cells maintenance may be evolutionarily conserved as Nanos2 is specifically expressed both in oogonia and in spermatogonia of adult medaka 11 and in a subpopulation of undifferentiated A spermatogonia in juvenile and spermiating male trout 12 . (nature.com)
Proliferation2
  • Sertoli cell proliferation reaches its maximum level just before birth and ceases by the age of 3 weeks [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Hodgkin Lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma is a localized or disseminated malignant proliferation of cells of the lymphoreticular system, primarily involving lymph node tissue, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. (msdmanuals.com)
Spermatogenic7
  • Also, these different approaches allowed us to study the complex arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton of Sertoli cells branches, which surround germ cells in different stages of the spermatogenic cycle. (techscience.com)
  • The nuage of the spermatogenic cells has function similar to the P-bodies. (hindawi.com)
  • We study whether PRKRA localizes to nuage of spermatogenic cells of rat and mouse. (hindawi.com)
  • On the other hand, there are specific cytoplasmic foci similar to the P-bodies in spermatogenic cells, which are called nuage [ 15 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Russell and Frank [ 19 ] classified the nuage of spermatogenic cells into six different types according to its morphology and relationship with other surrounding organelles. (hindawi.com)
  • Previously, we investigated the localization of several nuage-resident proteins in the nuage structures of spermatogenic cells by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) [ 22 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, we determined that several nuage proteins localize to spermatogenic cell-specific structures, including mitochondria-associated granules (MAG), granulated bodies (GB), reticulated bodies (RB), and ribosome aggregates (RA) [ 22 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
Tubular3
  • Our results show a consistent labelling for β-actin before, during and after the release of spermatozoa in the tubular lumen (spermiation) suggesting a significant role of the actin network in spermatic cell differentiation. (techscience.com)
  • At 25 days of age, round spermatids appear, and at the age of 50 days, mature spermatozoa are released into seminiferous tubular lumen [ 20 , 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In all documented biopsied cases, there is a significant decline in germ cell development and an increase in tubular sclerosis by puberty. (medscape.com)
Maturation3
  • The objective of the present study is to investigate the modulation of antioxidant defence status in neonatal persistent hypothyroid rats before their sexual maturation and also to identify the specific testicular cell populations vulnerable to degeneration during neonatal hypothyroidism in immature rats. (hindawi.com)
  • Massive deletion in AZFb/b+c and azoospermia with Sertoli cell only and/or maturation arrest. (medscape.com)
  • Hadjkacem-Loukil L, Hadj-Kacem H, Hadj Salem I, Bahloul A, Fakhfakh F, Ayadi H. Genotyping of Tunisian azoospermic men with Sertoli cell-only and maturation arrest. (medscape.com)
Ectoplasmic4
  • The spacial distribution of ectoplasmic specializations of Sertoli cells was studied by β-actin immunolabelling, using laser confocal and transmission electron microscopy. (techscience.com)
  • For confocal microscopy, β-actin immunolabelling of ectoplasmic specializations was studied over the background of either prosaposin or glutaredoxin immunolabelling of the Sertoli cytoplasm. (techscience.com)
  • The results suggest that PRKRA functions in the nuage as an element of RNA silencing system and plays unknown role in the ectoplasmic specialization and at the tubulobulbar complexes of Sertoli cells attaching the head of late spermatids. (hindawi.com)
  • Cortactin, an actin binding protein, has been associated with Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations in vivo , based on its immunolocalization around the heads of elongated spermatids, but not previously identified in isolated Sertoli cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic4
  • As in somatic cells, sperm intracellular cAMP concentration is regulated by the opposite action of two enzymes: the adenylyl cyclases (AC), which synthesize cAMP from ATP, and the phosphodiesterases (PDE), which break the phosphodiester bond of cAMP to form 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (plos.org)
  • In the ovary, both paralogs were detected in germinal and somatic cells. (nature.com)
  • RISC assembles into processing bodies (P-bodies) which are specific cytoplasmic foci in somatic eukaryotic cells [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)
Spermatids1
  • Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis with accumulation of meiotic division-phase spermatocytes and degenerating round spermatids present in multinucleated cell bodies (see 1). (jax.org)
Peritubular1
  • Kierszenbaum AL, Crowell JA, Shabanowitz RB, Smith EP, Spruill WA, Tres LL: A monoclonal antibody recognizes a form of intermediate filament protein in rat Sertoli cells that is not present in seminiferous peritubular cells. (karger.com)
Cytoplasm2
  • Cells exposed to no hormone and no beads appeared to have a ubiquitous distribution of cortactin throughout the cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cortactin immunostaining was diffuse throughout the Sertoli cell cytoplasm when incubated without beads (Fig. 1A ). (biomedcentral.com)
Mature spermatozoa1
  • Recent evidence indicates a Y-chromosomal CDY1 deletion in Sertoli cell-only syndrome, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing of the DAZ and CDY1 genes could potentially predict this condition as well as assess the possibility of finding any mature spermatozoa for fertility treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Spermatozoa2
  • The organotypic culture procedure, which preserves testicular tissue architecture, microenvironment and cell interactions, has been used successfully to obtain spermatozoa from fresh or frozen/thawed mouse prepubertal testicular tissues ( 3 - 6 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Germ cells produce spermatozoa which obtain nutrition from the Sertoli cells. (ncertmcq.com)
Apoptosis2
  • In SCO syndrome mouse model, PRPS2 overexpression significantly inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cell cycle transition in TM4 Sertoli cells. (medscape.com)
  • Administration of POS extract reversed the ACR-induced epididymides weight loss with improved semen quality and count, ameliorated the ACR-decreased testicular lesion scoring, testicular oxidative stress, testicular degeneration, Leydig cell apoptosis and the dysregulated PCNA and Caspase-3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Fetal1
Azoospermia3
  • Yao and colleagues found 174 microRNAs (miRNAs) were differentially expressed in human Sertoli cells in men with SCO syndrome compared with men with obstructive azoospermia, suggesting that these miRNAs may be associated with the pathogenesis of SCO syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Sertoli cell-only disease is frequently characterized by azoospermia which is the complete absence of sperm in semen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Testicular biopsy is the only way to confirm non-obstructive azoospermia and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Localization3
  • In vitro functional analyses of the novel variant suggested no impairment to NR5A1 mRNA or protein expression relative to wild-type, and immunofluorescence confirmed similar localization of NR5A1 mutant to the cell nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Double-labeling experiments in HeLa cells invaded with S. flexneri showed a near perfect co-localization of cortactin with actin in the entry structure and at the periphery of the phagosome [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The presence or absence of FSH had no apparent effect on the distribution or localization of cortactin within Sertoli cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Semen1
  • Sertoli cell-only syndrome is usually initially assessed by conducting two separate semen analyses. (wikipedia.org)
Leydig Cells3
  • Despite a conserved density of Leydig cells after 30 days of culture (D30), transcript levels of adult Leydig cell and steroidogenic markers were decreased. (elifesciences.org)
  • Transcript levels of the androgen receptor (AR)-regulated gene Rhox5 were decreased at the end of the culture period, suggesting that testosterone production by Leydig cells and/or AR transcriptional activity was impaired in organotypic cultures ( 8 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition, the ACR-induced reproductive toxicity is associated with a dramatic reduction in testosterone level due to disruption of the Leydig cells steroidogenic pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Germinal cells2
  • In addition, Nanos1B protein was predominantly located in the nuclei of male germinal cells. (nature.com)
  • Taken together, these data identify Nanos as primordial genes with highly conserved functions for both, the migration of the germinal cells and their maintenance in adults. (nature.com)
Tissue3
  • Together, the results suggest that smoking traditional and e-cigarettes can increase oxidative stress , or cell death, which has been linked to tissue and DNA damage. (snopes.com)
  • In conclusion, this study reports the failure of adult Leydig cell development and altered steroid production and signaling in tissue cultures. (elifesciences.org)
  • The invasion of neoplastic cells into healthy brain tissue is a pathologic hallmark of Gliomas and contributes to the failure of current therapeutic modalities (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy). (proteinlounge.com)
Complete loss of germ cells1
  • In mice, the suppression of Nanos3 expression in PGC resulted in the complete loss of germ cells in both sexes 9 . (nature.com)
Mammalian1
  • Moreover, WZ increased the expression of autophagy-associated proteins (light chain 3 beta and autophagy related 5) and decreased the expression of p62, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin, and phosphorylated AKT in Sertoli cells. (bvsalud.org)
Migration1
  • A congenital absence of germ cells due to failure of migration of gonocytes is theoretically possible. (medscape.com)
Fertility1
  • Morphological changes, or structural alterations in cells related to disease, may also result from the characteristics observed by the researchers, though they concluded that more investigation is necessary to understand not only what these results mean for male fertility, but also how they translate to human health in general. (snopes.com)
Vitro2
  • In an in vitro model of Sertoli cell-spermatid binding, cortactin was identified around debris and dead germ cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An in vitro model was established by d-galactose (d-Gal) in the SH-SY5Y cell line and pretreated with SPJ (25 and 50 µg/mL). (bvsalud.org)
Syndrome10
  • As an example, Klinefelter syndrome is characterized by SCO and Leydig cell hyperplasia. (medscape.com)
  • Men often learn they have Sertoli cell-only syndrome between the ages of 20 and 40 when they are checked for infertility and found to produce no sperm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infertility is the most prevalent symptom of Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The majority of patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome (up to 90%) have increased FSH levels, which are typically two to three times normal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sertoli cell-only syndrome does not have a clear origin, however, several theories have been suggested. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, sertoli cell only syndrome (SCO) correlates with AZFa microdeletions. (wikipedia.org)
  • About 90% of those with Sertoli cell-only syndrome have elevated FSH levels, usually two to three times the normal amount. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sertoli cell-only syndrome currently has no known cure or treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sertoli cell-only syndrome is extremely rare in the general population. (wikipedia.org)
  • Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the LRWD1 gene may be a genetic risk factor for Japanese patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. (medscape.com)
Physiology1
  • check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusions1
Basal1
  • Os túbulos seminíferos são enovelados e revestidos internamente por epitélio estratificado constituído por células espermatogênicas e células somáticas de Sertoli, envolvidos por uma membrana basal com presença de células mioides. (bvsalud.org)
Germ cell development2
  • Nanos are RNA-binding proteins playing crucial roles in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
  • The Nanos proteins family regroups highly conserved RNA-binding proteins in higher eukaryotes implicated in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
Normal1
  • However, Glioma cells have the ability to invade as single cells through the unique environment of the normal CNS (Central Nervous System). (proteinlounge.com)
Follicle1
  • HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)
Stem2
  • Pediatric cancer treatments such as chemotherapy have recognized toxicity on germline stem cells, which could lead to infertility at adulthood ( 1 , 2 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • behind as stem cells so that a constant source of germ cells persists. (studypool.com)
Mutations1
  • Genomic instability creates a permissive state in which a potential cancer cell is allowed to acquire enough mutations to become a cancer cell. (proteinlounge.com)
Formation2
  • Female- stimulates luteal cells on ovary- Ovulation- Formation of corpus Luteum (CL)- Stimulates progesterone production and secretionActs with FSH to produce estrogen6. (gradebuddy.com)
  • gametogenesis i.e. formation of sex cells called the gametes. (ncertmcq.com)
Actin2
  • In the presence of cytochalasin D, cortactin immunostaining was punctate and distributed in a pattern similar to that reported for actin in cells exposed to cytochalasin D. Sertoli cells not exposed to FSH, but activated with beads, did not show cortactin immunostaining around the phagocytized beads at any of the time periods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cortactin is recruited to the actin-rich membrane ruffles of the entry structure of Shigella flexneri when invading HeLa cells and is also found in the periphery of the phagosome shortly after internalization [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)