• Sexual selection drives speciation in an Amazonian frog. (utexas.edu)
  • Research on the mechanisms and adaptive significance of animal behaviors and life histories. (colorado.edu)
  • He is especially interested in integrating an understanding of the mechanisms of communication involved in mate attraction with the evolutionary consequences of sexual selection. (utexas.edu)
  • From the directional selection that favors extreme phenotypes to the stabilizing selection that maintains intermediate traits, and even the disruptive selection that promotes both extremes, these mechanisms shape the diversity of life on Earth. (tagvault.org)
  • Understanding the processes and examples of directional selection helps illuminate the intricate mechanisms behind the diversity of life on Earth. (tagvault.org)
  • The problems presented to animals by their environments, and the anatomical and physiological mechanisms by which they adapt. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • The mechanisms of host selection by female cuckoos are somewhat unclear, though several hypotheses have been suggested in attempt to explain the choice. (wikidoc.org)
  • In Animal Behavior: An Integrative Approach, Michael J. Ryan and Walter Wilczynski address the interrelationship of these aspects of animal behavior, which Nikolaas Tinbergen codified in his four questions as causation, ontogeny, survival value, and evolution. (cshlpress.com)
  • The overall outlook regarding research laboratories and themes is promising: the community is numerous, active and there are topics addressing all aspects of animal behavior, especially in large countries like Brazil and Argentina. (bvsalud.org)
  • The study of animal behavior is one of the most integrative endeavors in biology it encompasses how the behavior is acquired, how it works, why it has come to work as it does, and how it influences the behaving animal and the animals around it. (cshlpress.com)
  • Studies of animal behavior are often carried out in other areas than Biology, and there is a clear overlap of interest regarding the major topics of Ethology. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Different , world-renowned primatologist Frans de Waal draws on decades of observation and studies of both human and animal behavior to argue that despite the linkage between gender and biological sex, biology does not automatically support the traditional gender roles in human societies. (audible.com)
  • James has a great interest in invertebrate biology and behavior, especially as it relates to evolution and sexual selection. (millerlab.net)
  • For this assignment, we will be addressing an interesting subject in evolutionary biology: the question of sexual selection. (writemypapertoday.com)
  • Other chapters discuss female promiscuity, female sexual aggression, homosexuality, reproduction by cloning, sex-swapping animals, animals that have three or more separate genders, and menopause (experienced only by humans and some whales). (youseemore.com)
  • Competition for resources and changing ratios between males and females may be responsible for bringing out these behaviors in the primates. (biggame.org)
  • Sexual selection, seminal coagulation and copulatory plug formation in primates. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Results indicate that sexual selection has played an important role in the evolution of seminal coagulation, and copulatory plug function, in primates. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Therese Lamperty moved from the University of Washington in Seattle to Tulane where she started a fellowship with the American Association of University Women to focus on finishing up a project with Jordan that they began during her PhD. The project involves investigating potential genetic consequences for trees that might follow the loss of primates and other fruit-eating and seed-dispersing animals in the Amazon. (tulane.edu)
  • The sexual dimorphism of the species leaves the female very drab in comparison. (wikipedia.org)
  • This behavior, called sexual selection infanticide, has been observed in several other large carnivore species, including lions and bears. (biggame.org)
  • Same-sex behavior has been observed in close to 1500 species, and is well documented for 500 of them. (crossdreamers.com)
  • To use words like "gay" and "homosexual" when it comes to animals is complicated, as those words have a lot of human connotations that do not necessarily fit other species (or other human cultures for that matter). (crossdreamers.com)
  • In Evolution's Rainbow Roughgarden describes many species with same-sex behavior. (crossdreamers.com)
  • Many turned their attention to female animals, heretofore considered too boring to bother to study, and discovered that "true till-death-do-us-part sexual monogamy…proved to be extremely rare, found in less than 7 percent of known species. (youseemore.com)
  • Natural selection , first described by Charles Darwin in his seminal work "On the Origin of Species," is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time. (tagvault.org)
  • Join us as we delve into the fascinating world of natural selection and its role in the creation of new species . (tagvault.org)
  • When facing natural selection, species may find that maintaining large morphological structures may not be the evolutionarily beneficial decision. (emory.edu)
  • Surprisingly, the behavior o f this species has not previously been studied. (getperfectgrades.com)
  • Behavioral ecology, conservation, management and animal welfare are a priority in most countries, probably reflecting a general concern regarding endangered species and habitats of the continent. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mating behavior of guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) is well understood and can be used in research to better understand the factors that drive the species' reproductive tendencies and ultimately mold the genotypes and phenotypes of the individuals within species. (okstate.edu)
  • Explain why natural selection can only function if there is variation in a species. (biologyforlife.com)
  • D4.1.7- Sexual selection as a selection pressure in animal species. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Certain features evolve because it makes critters appear to be a more attractive partner or person to reproduce with, which can lead to crazy traits like a peacock's feathers or the antlers of an elk, says study author Zack Graham, a fourth-year animal behavior Ph.D. student at Arizona State University. (popsci.com)
  • Directional selection favors extreme phenotypes, while stabilizing selection favors intermediate traits. (tagvault.org)
  • Stabilizing selection is an important mechanism of natural selection that favors non-extreme traits over two extreme traits. (tagvault.org)
  • Stabilizing selection helps maintain the balance between survival and reproductive success by selecting for traits that are well-suited to the current environmental conditions. (tagvault.org)
  • Since the time of Charles Darwin, sexual selection has been invoked to explain why males have traits that females do not. (icr.org)
  • Results: We performed two parallel sex-limited artificial selection experiments on SSB in male and female seed beetles, followed by sex-specific assays of locomotor activity and male sex recognition (two traits hypothesized to be functionally related to SSB) and adult reproductive success (allowing us to assess fitness consequences of genetic variance in SSB and its correlated components). (uea.ac.uk)
  • AHL ​​​​​​​ D4.1.11- Changes in allele frequency in the gene pool as a consequence of natural selection between individuals according to differences in their heritable traits. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Pollinators are key drivers of floral evolution through natural selection on floral traits. (lu.se)
  • Sexual selection is a biological way one sex chooses a mate for the best reproductive success. (wikipedia.org)
  • Then there is the "sexually antagonistic selection" hypothesis: same-sex behaviour in males are favoured by selection because they increase the reproductive chances of their daughters. (crossdreamers.com)
  • Namibia to score remarkable achievements in stabilizing HIV/AIDS, ensuring access to sexual and reproductive health information and services and improving the quality of maternal, new- born, child and adolescent health and nutrition services in the country. (who.int)
  • As part of the effort to improve sexual, reproductive and child health and nutrition services including maternal and newborn health care to the Namibian people, the Government with the support from various development partners has implemented cost effective and scientifically proven interventions in the areas of safe motherhood, integrated management of childhood illnesses, adolescent health services and sexual and reproductive health services. (who.int)
  • This policy will guide the Ministry of Health & Social Services and its partners in delivering quality and evidence based Sexual, Reproductive and Child Health and Nutrition Services to the Namibian population. (who.int)
  • The purpose of this self study course is to acquire working knowledge of the methods for measuring and analysing animal behaviour. (uu.nl)
  • In the book, the different aspects of animal sexual behaviour are discussed following five main questions. (uu.nl)
  • The research appears in the European journal Animal Behaviour . (icr.org)
  • 8. Human Artistic Behaviour: Adaptation, Byproduct, or Cultural Group Selection? (politics-prose.com)
  • Animal Behaviour 196: 9-21. (dpz.eu)
  • Sexual dimorphism, or the difference in physical appearance between the sexes, is the result of female selection, in which females select males based upon indirect genetic benefits which increase offspring fitness. (wikipedia.org)
  • He reasoned that since the bodies of females are more nearly hairless, the loss of fur was due to sexual selection of females at a remote prehistoric time when males had overwhelming selective power, and that it nonetheless affected males due to genetic correlation between the sexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Noted TED speaker and author Cooke dives into sex and gender across the animal kingdom, dispelling all the misogynist notions of females being the weaker sex. (youseemore.com)
  • The truth is that males and females are more alike than they are different," writes journalist Cooke (The Truth About Animals) in this zippy survey on females of the animal kingdom and the scientists who study them. (youseemore.com)
  • Male birds, like the vibrant peacock, showcase extravagant displays to attract females, a behavior driven by sexual selection. (kenamea.com)
  • Background: Intralocus sexual conflict, arising from selection for different alleles at the same locus in males and females, imposes a constraint on sex-specific adaptation. (uea.ac.uk)
  • However, perspectives incorporating sex-specific selection on genes shared by males and females to explain the expression and evolution of SSBs have largely been neglected. (uea.ac.uk)
  • VERDICT Zoological notions of gender will challenge general readers to appreciate sexual diversity in animals and reassess human notions of "female. (youseemore.com)
  • Understanding the types of natural selection helps us comprehend the complexities of adaptation and the diversity of life on Earth. (tagvault.org)
  • In addition, he has been preparing for his upcoming stint at the Braun Lab at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, where he will be investigating the effects of sexual selection on Z-chromosome genetic diversity across the manakin phylogeny. (tulane.edu)
  • An overview of the biological diversity of animals and protozoa. (wilmington.edu)
  • We tested a sample of ticks collected through a combination of passive and active surveillance from humans, domestic animals, and wildlife hosts in Alaska for a panel of the most common tick-borne pathogens in the contiguous United States to characterize the diversity of microbes present in this region. (cdc.gov)
  • Diversification requires processes that generate diversity (mutation, recombination) and processes that filter this diversity (drift, natural selection). (lu.se)
  • Infectious disease dynamics in animal populations. (umn.edu)
  • 2005. Mortality costs of sexual selection and parental care in natural populations of birds. (emory.edu)
  • We found established populations of Ixodes angustus Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), Ixodes uriae White (Acari: Ixodidae), and Haemaphysalis leporispalustris Packard (Acari: Ixodidae) in Alaska, with I. angustus found on a variety of hosts including domestic companion animals (dogs and cats), small wild mammals, and humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Sexual selection's role in human evolution cannot be definitively established, as features may result from an equilibrium among competing selective pressures, some involving sexual selection, others natural selection , and others pleiotropy . (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusions: Our study provides experimental support for the hypothesis that widespread pleiotropy generates pervasive intralocus sexual conflict governing the expression of SSBs, suggesting that SSB in one sex can occur due to the expression of genes that carry benefits in the other sex. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Yichen is mesmerized by insect behavioral ecology broadly, and specifically interested in sexual selection and the influence of social context on leaf-footed bugs. (millerlab.net)
  • For this assignment, you should find a case of 'sexual dimorphism' and write a short research paper delving into the evolutionary questions surrounding the differences between the sexes. (writemypapertoday.com)
  • Predator-prey interactions add an element of both tension and ecological balance to garden animal behavior. (kenamea.com)
  • What is the larger ecological context in which this sexual selection occurs? (writemypapertoday.com)
  • Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic. (lu.se)
  • Dr. Miller works on the evolution of morphology and behavior, particularly in the field of sexual selection. (millerlab.net)
  • Directional selection is a key mechanism of natural selection that occurs when an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes within a population. (tagvault.org)
  • This selection pressure leads to a shift in the allele frequency , resulting in the dominance of the favored phenotype. (tagvault.org)
  • Directional selection occurs when an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes, causing a shift in the allele frequency . (tagvault.org)
  • Very often, we see clear differences between sexes in many varieties of animals (including differences in size, coloration, behavior). (writemypapertoday.com)
  • Summarize John Endler's experiments with guppies which demonstrate selection for and against coloration in different habitats. (biologyforlife.com)
  • These include genetic inheritance of host preference, host imprinting on young birds, returning to place of birth and subsequently choosing a host randomly ("natal philopatry"), choice based on preferred nest site ( nest-site hypothesis ), and choice based on preferred habitat ( habitat-selection hypothesis ). (wikidoc.org)
  • This hypothesis revolves around host manipulations induced by behaviors of the brood parasite. (wikidoc.org)
  • In the seemingly tranquil setting of a garden, a bustling ecosystem of animal interactions unfolds, revealing intricate social behaviors that contribute to the balance and dynamics of the natural world. (kenamea.com)
  • [3] It has been suggested that sexual selection played a part in the evolution of the anatomically modern human brain, i.e. the structures responsible for social intelligence underwent positive selection as a sexual ornamentation to be used in courtship rather than for survival itself, [4] and that it has developed in ways outlined by Ronald Fisher in the Fisherian runaway model. (wikipedia.org)
  • Outline the mechanism of sexual selection in evolution of courtship behavior and anatomical features. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Explain why Darwin's evidence of evolution via natural selection resulted in a paradigm shift in the understanding of how life evolves. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Abstract- Parental care, sexual selection, and life history are major areas of research in evolutionary ecology. (getperfectgrades.com)
  • By understanding the different types of natural selection and the selection pressures they impose, we gain valuable insights into the complexities of adaptation and the remarkable ways in which organisms evolve. (tagvault.org)
  • 2012. Understanding selection for long necks in different taxa. (emory.edu)
  • As such, understanding the evolution of parental care and sexual selection requires that we examine the relationship between mate choice, mate competition, and parental care in organisms that exhibit care and are likely to experience sexual selection. (getperfectgrades.com)
  • In the present work, we identify and review key directions of research that are critical for broadening our understanding of the evolution of parental care and sexual selection. (getperfectgrades.com)
  • Observing and understanding these behaviors not only enhances our appreciation for the natural world but also underscores the importance of preserving these ecosystems for future generations to enjoy and learn from. (kenamea.com)
  • Sexual selection in humans concerns the concept of sexual selection , introduced by Charles Darwin as an element of his theory of natural selection , [1] as it affects humans . (wikipedia.org)
  • Charles Darwin conjectured that the male beard, as well as the hairlessness of humans compared to nearly all other mammals, were results of sexual selection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Part II: Genetic Explanations of Behavior. (politics-prose.com)
  • Intralocus sexual conflict can be alleviated by the evolution of sex-limited genetic architectures and phenotypic expression, but pleiotropic constraints may hinder this process. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Here, we explored putative intralocus sexual conflict and genetic (co)variance in a poorly understood behavior with near male-limited expression. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Strikingly, genetically correlated responses in locomotor activity and male sex-recognition were associated with sexually antagonistic fitness effects, but these effects differed qualitatively between male and female selection lines, implicating intralocus sexual conflict at both male- and female-specific genetic components underlying SSB. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Outline sources of genetic variation (mutation, meiosis and sexual reproduction). (biologyforlife.com)
  • Outline "neo-Darwinism" as the integration of genetic inheritance and the mechanism of natural selection. (biologyforlife.com)
  • The similarity of the results of studies with other vertebrates shows that anurans can be considered excellent animal models for the study of biological calcification. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although not explicit, his observation that in Khoisan women "the posterior part of the body projects in a most wonderful manner" (known as steatopygia ) [17] implies sexual selection for this characteristic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clementine Vignal, an evolutionary biologist and the senior author of the study, told Wired Science , 'Most of these studies have focused on display behaviors that characterize pair formation or mate choice--all these processes that interest people working on the evolutionary aspect of sexual selection. (icr.org)
  • Sexual selection: Aesthetic appreciation and mate choice. (utexas.edu)
  • This book provides a well-thought-out and integrated introduction to the complexity of animal behavior that should appeal to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and professional scientists in other fields in need of a succinct review of the field. (cshlpress.com)
  • The authors integrate information from molecular genomics through neuroscience, endocrinology, development, and learning to evolutionary genetics, selection, constraints, and phylogenetics to provide a concise but comprehensive look at current topics in animal behavior. (cshlpress.com)
  • Later research found other explanations such as sexual selection (male-male combat and attracting female giraffes), increased vigilance (able to see predators from further away), and thermoregulation (increased surface area allows for greater cooling ability). (emory.edu)
  • Part III: Developmental Explanations of Behavior. (politics-prose.com)
  • Part IV: Evolutionary Explanations of Behavior. (politics-prose.com)
  • Part V: Neurobiological Explanations of Behavior. (politics-prose.com)
  • Sexual selection is quite different in non-human animals than humans as they feel more of the evolutionary pressures to reproduce and can easily reject a mate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In other words, animals -- like humans -- use sex for bonding. (crossdreamers.com)
  • She makes a clear argument that notions of binary sex or gender are even more ambiguous in animals than in humans. (youseemore.com)
  • Sexual selection theory consider same-sex behavior a mistake, a deception or a disease caused by genes that decrease fitness in one sex but increase fitness in the other. (crossdreamers.com)
  • He also hypothesized that contrasts in sexual selection acting along with natural selection were significant factors in the geographical differentiation in human appearance of some isolated groups, as he did not believe that natural selection alone provided a satisfactory answer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sexual selection is a key component of natural selection. (popsci.com)
  • Still, it makes sense to look at the phenomenon of same-sex sexuality among animals, because it broadens the scope of what can be considered "natural" in the original sense of the word. (crossdreamers.com)
  • Welcome to our in-depth exploration of natural selection , the powerful mechanism that drives adaptive evolution in organisms. (tagvault.org)
  • There are various types of natural selection , each with its own distinct characteristics and outcomes. (tagvault.org)
  • Natural selection is the mechanism that favors organisms better adapted to their environments, driving adaptive evolution . (tagvault.org)
  • Types of natural selection include directional selection , stabilizing selection , and disruptive selection . (tagvault.org)
  • The directional selection pressure that favored longer necks in giraffes demonstrates how natural selection drives adaptive evolution . (tagvault.org)
  • Overall, directional selection is a fundamental aspect of natural selection, driving the evolution of organisms as they adapt to their environments. (tagvault.org)
  • But because there isn't an objective means to discern whether or not any given trait 'arose' through sexual selection, natural selection, by accident, or by some other unknown mechanism, debates are endemic in discussions of the nature of sexual selection. (icr.org)
  • The idea that natural selection produces perfect organisms with perfectly advantageous adaptations is just a tall tale. (emory.edu)
  • Richard Dawkins' brilliant reformulation of the theory of natural selection has the rare distinction of having provoked as much excitement and interest outside the scientific community as within it. (audible.com)
  • But natural selection has given us a suite of beneficial social features, including our capacity for love, friendship, cooperation, and learning. (audible.com)
  • What is the role of reproduction in the process of natural selection? (biologyforlife.com)
  • At SHS, Topic D4.1 is taught in the Natural Selection and Evolution of Gene Pools units. (biologyforlife.com)
  • D4.1.1- Natural selection as the mechanism driving evolutionary change. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Define natural selection and fitness. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Outline the process of natural selection and the resulting evolution of the population. (biologyforlife.com)
  • State that natural selection has operated continuously over billions of years, resulting in the biodiversity of life. (biologyforlife.com)
  • 2- Roles of mutation and sexual reproduction in generating the variation on which natural selection acts. (biologyforlife.com)
  • 3 -- Overproduction of offspring and competition for resources as factors that promote natural selection. (biologyforlife.com)
  • 5- Differences between individuals in adaptation, survival and reproduction as the basis for natural selection. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Explain why only heritable characteristics can be acted upon by natural selection. (biologyforlife.com)
  • D4.1.8- Modelling of sexual and natural selection based on experimental control of selection pressures. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Explain how natural selection can lead to change in allele frequency in a gene pool. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Same-sex sexual behaviors (SSBs) generally do not conform to classic evolutionary models of adaptation but are common in male animals and have been hypothesized to result from perception errors and selection for high male mating rates. (uea.ac.uk)
  • as examples, she offers spiders, the common mole, and the female spotted hyena, whose physiology and behavior defy categorization. (youseemore.com)
  • Cooke (The Truth About Animals) freshly analyzes a hot-button topic-the use of "sex" and/or "gender" to describe human sexuality, identity, and social roles-in terms of the zoological kingdom. (youseemore.com)
  • 3. Genome Wide Association Studies of Behavior are Social Science, Eric Turkheimer. (politics-prose.com)
  • Of these hypotheses the nest-site selection and habitat selection have been most supported by experimental analysis. (wikidoc.org)
  • Personality changes from orbital damage include impulsiveness, puerility, a jocular attitude, sexual disinhibition, and complete lack of concern for others. (medscape.com)
  • Our research bridges the gap between zoology and botany by integrating studies of animal- and plant biodiversity. (lu.se)
  • Animals often convey useful information, despite a conflict of interest between the signaller and receiver. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cooke emphasizes how research on female animals was woefully inadequate until the past few decades, when scientists began to challenge the "standard paradigm" of female passivity and male agency. (youseemore.com)
  • Male-limit sexual signals are often thought to impact fitness by increasing his attractiveness or competitive abilities. (lu.se)
  • She is the author of numerous papers and several books, including Karen Pryor on Behavior: Essays and Research (1994), and has served on the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission. (ucpress.edu)
  • One fascinating example of directional selection is the evolution of giraffe neck lengths . (tagvault.org)
  • This process of directional selection has played a significant role in shaping the physical characteristics of giraffes and their ability to survive and thrive in their environments. (tagvault.org)
  • The table above provides a visual representation of the changes in allele frequency and the distribution of giraffe neck lengths resulting from directional selection. (tagvault.org)
  • It shows that over time, the frequency of alleles for long necks increased, while alleles for short and intermediate necks decreased, demonstrating the impact of directional selection on the evolution of giraffes. (tagvault.org)
  • Outline the change in allele frequencies associated with stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Use graphs to illustrate or identify stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection. (biologyforlife.com)
  • Outline an example of stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection. (biologyforlife.com)