• In the 1920s the functions of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland were obscure, and there was much more interest in the posterior lobe, particularly since it contained, and was presumed to secrete, substances which could cause a rise of blood pressure, an inhibition of urine secretion, and a contraction of uterine muscle. (animalresearch.info)
  • A condition of diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. (nih.gov)
  • Hypophysis cerebri is considered the master endocrine gland as it plays a critical role in influencing and controlling the vitality of other endocrine organs via several hormones secretion. (openveterinaryjournal.com)
  • It is considered a master gland because its secretion controls the activity of most other hormone-secreting glands. (openveterinaryjournal.com)
  • Tumors may also compress or destroy pituitary or hypothalamic tissue, impairing hormone production or secretion. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Gigantism and Acromegaly Gigantism and acromegaly are syndromes of excessive secretion of growth hormone (hypersomatotropism) that are nearly always due to a pituitary adenoma. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Many endocrine glands are organs whose primary functions are the production and secretion of hormones. (50webs.org)
  • Secretion of these glands forms the seminal plasma which contains fructose, calcium, and enzymes, and secretion of bulbourethral glands also help in the lubrication of the penis. (careers360.com)
  • This hormone enters the blood and goes to the anterior pituitary gland where it stimulates the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. (cancer.gov)
  • Semen - is a secretion of male genital tract which is composed of spermatozoa (male sex cells) and seminal plasma (secretion of accessory glands). (iasri.res.in)
  • Effect of ACTH on VIP and galanin release from the pituitary. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The effect of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on the release of four regulatory peptides from the anterior pituitary of male rats has been studied using an in vitro perfusion system. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Quartered anterior pituitaries from male adult Wistar rats were perfused with buffer containing different concentrations of ACTH and, subsequently, 56 mM KCl. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These results demonstrate that ACTH causes a release of pituitary VIP and galanin in vitro and, moreover, that this is a biphasic phenomenon. (ox.ac.uk)
  • For example, in response to a stressful situation, the pituitary gland may release beta endorphin and ACTH, which, in turn, prompt the suprarenal cortex to release hormones. (medscape.com)
  • ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce and release cortisol. (healthjade.net)
  • Also, there is a short loop negative feedback of CRF by ACTH in the hypothalamic-pituitary region. (medium.com)
  • The pars tuberalis is a posterior extension of the lobus anterior that surrounds the truncus infundibularis, while the pars intermedia is located between the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis. (kenhub.com)
  • The pituitary gland has 2 lobes: the anterior lobe (the adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (the neurohypophysis). (lecturio.com)
  • Through hypophyseal portal system capillaries at both ends the hormone releasing factors and hormone release inhibiting factors reach the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) to produce influence on the endocrine cells. (kypho.com)
  • anterior hypophysis cerebri (adenohypophysis) derives from oral ectoderm, and posterior hypophysis cerebri (neurohypophysis) derives from neural ectoderm that anatomically linked but functionally different ( Getty, 1975 ). (openveterinaryjournal.com)
  • Oxytocin stimulates contraction of uterine musculature and myoepithelial cells of alveoli of mammary gland. (kypho.com)
  • It stimulates your adrenal glands to produce cortisol (the "stress hormone"), which has many functions, including regulating metabolism, maintaining blood pressure, regulating blood glucose (blood sugar) levels and reducing inflammation, among others. (tomsk.ru)
  • However, this hormone can cross the placenta and stimulates the foetal pituitary to secrete thyrotropin. (spiritsong.org)
  • Acromegaly is usually produced by pituitary tumors secreting GH or, less commonly, by extrapituitary disorders. (lecturio.com)
  • Most pituitary tumors are adenomas. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Prolactinoma Prolactinomas are noncancerous tumors made up from lactotrophs in the pituitary gland. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Most tumors of the pituitary and suprasellar region are pituitary adenomas. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Rarely, pituitary tumors are carcinomas. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Pituitary tumors are suspected in patients with unexplained headaches, characteristic visual abnormalities, or endocrinopathies. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Amyloid deposits are not uncommon in endocrine neoplasms and can also occur in pituitary tumors. (scirp.org)
  • Hypopituitarism refers to either partial or complete deficiency of the an-terior and/or posterior pituitary function. (brainkart.com)
  • Hypopituitarism may be congen-ital or acquired, secondary to pituitary disease or to hypothalamic pathol-ogy that interferes with pituitary function. (brainkart.com)
  • Generalized Hypopituitarism Generalized hypopituitarism refers to endocrine deficiency syndromes due to partial or complete loss of anterior lobe pituitary function. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Endocrine Adrenal Hormone Synthesis Inhibitors Figure 1.6 MetyraPONE stimulation test: evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. (osmosis.org)
  • The pituitary gland, which in the human being only weighs around one gram, is a complex organ and can be divided for con-venience into three separate glands, the anterior lobe, the posterior lobe, and the intermediate lobe. (animalresearch.info)
  • In this way, he discovered that in the frog and in the toad, the two main parts of the pituitary gland, the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe, could be removed separately fairly easily. (animalresearch.info)
  • Some com-plication is introduced by the fact that in the toad and frog the part of the gland which corresponds to the anterior lobe in the mammal, is in fact posterior. (animalresearch.info)
  • Each lobe has its own regulation, set of secretory products, and feedback loops. (lecturio.com)
  • Your pituitary gland is divided into two main sections: the anterior pituitary (front lobe) and the posterior pituitary (back lobe). (tomsk.ru)
  • HESX-1 , PIT-1 , LHX-4 ) can result in isolated or multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies. (brainkart.com)
  • This hormone is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. (suiseiken.org)
  • Acromegaly and gigantism are caused by an excessive production of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary gland. (lecturio.com)
  • A fraction isolated from the anterior pituitary glands of rats castrate for 8 weeks contained essentially a single cytoplasmic constituent with which the major portion of the gonadotropic hormone activity was associated. (rupress.org)
  • The glands were homogenized in an 0.25 M sucrose + 7.3 per cent polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution and fractionated by differential centrifugation to give a heterogeneous small granule fraction which contained almost all the gonadotropic hormone activity. (rupress.org)
  • The thyroid gland secretes thyroxin, a hormone that can reduce concentration and lead to irritability when the thyroid is overactive and cause drowsiness and a sluggish metabolism when the thyroid is underactive. (medscape.com)
  • The neurons that extend into the posterior pituitary produce either the hormone arginine vasopressin (abbreviated AVP) or the hormone oxytocin. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • This period is marked by decreased levels of ovarian hormones and increased levels of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. (cancer.gov)
  • The corpus luteum, under the influence of luteinizing hormone which emanates from the anterior pituitary in the brain secretes progesterone. (berkleycenter.com)
  • Testis- is primary male sex glands producing sperms and testosterone hormone. (iasri.res.in)
  • I.V. administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone distinguishes pituitary and hypothalamic causes of gonadotropin deficiency. (doctorlib.info)
  • Cortisol is a major glucocorticoid hormone synthesized in the cortex of adrenal glands. (medium.com)
  • 1. A benign tumor of glandular origin or with a gland-like cell arrangement. (wordquests.info)
  • 2. A benign tumor with the structure or appearance of a gland or originating in a gland. (wordquests.info)
  • Any tumor that grows out of the pituitary can compress optic nerve tracts, including the chiasm. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Although RESP18 is translocated across microsomal membranes after in vitro translation, AtT-20 pituitary tumor cells, which endogenously synthesize RESP18, do not release it into the culture medium. (unlv.edu)
  • Headache may result from an enlarging pituitary adenoma, even when intracranial pressure is not increased. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The adrenal (suprarenal) glands are small, yellowish organs that rest on the upper poles of the kidneys in the Gerota fascia. (medscape.com)
  • Because the development of the adrenals is closely associated with that of the kidneys, agenesis of an adrenal gland is usually associated with ipsilateral agenesis of the kidney, and fused adrenal glands (whereby the two glands join across the midline posterior to the aorta) are also associated with a fused kidney. (medscape.com)
  • The 2 suprarenal glands are located above the kidneys. (medscape.com)
  • Cortisol is produced and secreted by the adrenal glands, two triangular organs that sit on top of the kidneys (Figure 2). (healthjade.net)
  • Adrenals are a pair of endocrine (duct-less) glands, which lie attached to the top of kidneys. (medium.com)
  • High-power view through a dissecting microscope of the hypophysial portal vessels on the anterior surface of the pituitary stalk (left) of an anesthetised rat. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • The portal vessels (veins) arise from the primary capillary bed on the median eminence (pink area to the left) and fan out over the anterior pituitary gland (right) at the pituitary stalk junction to the right. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • The tubero-infundibular artery, a branch of the superior hypophysial artery, can be seen arching across the top of the stalk-pituitary junction, where it enters the anterior pituitary gland. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • The patient underwent trans-sphenoidal resection of the pituitary macro adenoma. (scirp.org)
  • But spherical amyloid deposition is almost exclusive to prolactin (PRL)―producing pituitary adenoma. (scirp.org)
  • We report a case of pituitary adenoma composed of amyloid tissue almost in its entirety. (scirp.org)
  • The uterine cycle begins with menstruation during the menstrual phase, continues with repair of the endometrium during the proliferative phase, and ends with the growth of glands and blood vessels during the secretory phase. (cancer.gov)
  • They include the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla, thyroid, and pineal glands. (50webs.org)
  • One part, the anterior pituitary, originates from glandular tissue. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Unlike the posterior pituitary, the anterior pituitary consists of glandular tissue. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Separation or ectopia of glands or glandular tissue from their usual anatomical sites, e.g., pancreatic glands in the wall of the small intestine, gastric glands in the wall of the esophagus. (wordquests.info)
  • The pineal gland is a pea-sized gland that apparently responds to exposure to light and regulates activity levels over the course of the day. (medscape.com)
  • So at first the effect of ablation of the pituitary gland in increasing the sensitivity of the body to the blood-glucose lowering action of insulin, was tentatively ascribed to the posterior pituitary gland, and indeed one investigator in the United States claimed that removal of the posterior pituitary gland alone would increase sensitivity to the action of insulin. (animalresearch.info)
  • Dentists are involved with aspects of salivary gland function in several ways, such as diagnosing problems involving the major and minor salivary glands, in the management of oral dryness associated with salivary problems, in the treatment of caries and periodontal disease resulting from decreased salivary flow, and in controlling salivation during restorative procedures. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis involves neuroimaging of the pituitary and laboratory tests to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. (lecturio.com)
  • Accessory glands: are secretory glands attached to male genital plasma. (iasri.res.in)
  • Addison recognized the relationship between low blood pressure, muscular weakness, weight loss, bronzing of skin, and the pathology of the suprarenal gland in 1855. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior pituitary, often called the "master gland," responds to chemical messages from the bloodstream to produce numerous hormones that trigger the action of other endocrine glands. (medscape.com)
  • Neurons of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei possessing secretory functions liberate hormones vasopressin and oxytocin respectively. (kypho.com)
  • Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla (see Suprarenal [Adrenal] Gland Anatomy ). (medscape.com)
  • Develop an understanding of the normal anatomy, histology, physiology, biochemistry of each of the following endocrine glands. (massgeneral.org)
  • [ 1 ] This article reviews basic salivary anatomy and physiology, several important diseases affecting the glands, salivary constituents as measures of health, trends in diagnosis, and the management of xerostomia and drooling. (medscape.com)
  • Significant abnormality or disease of the salivary glands, such as that associated with Sjögren syndrome or neoplasm, necessitates additional evaluation by an otolaryngologist or an otolaryngologist/head and neck surgeon for comprehensive treatment of the gland pathology itself. (medscape.com)
  • The hormonal prolactin is the most essential hormones both for development of the secretory alveoli and also the release of dairy by the alveolar cells. (bloggersbaba.com)
  • Women's boobs are made of excess fat, breast, glands (alveoli) and a system of ducts through which milk can pass from glands to the erect nipples. (bloggersbaba.com)
  • Each bust has between 15 and 20 parts called lobes, each one of which can be consists of many more compact structures generally glands or alveoli. (bloggersbaba.com)
  • This group can contract (squeeze), pressuring the dairy out of the glands, to the ducts and to swimming pools that rest underneath the areola, the brown circle that surrounds the nipple. (bloggersbaba.com)
  • Endocrine glands lack the ducts that are present in exocrine glands. (50webs.org)
  • A number of different cellular signaling and regulatory systems in the acini and ducts are involved with saliva formation when the glands are stimulated by gustatory, masticatory, and psychic stimulation. (medscape.com)