Bronchial secretionsSulfatePralidoximeDosesIntestines and the secretionHyoscyaminePepsin secretionAnticholinergicsMechanismBradycardiaClassified as an anticholinergicMotilityAcidHyoscineNarrow angle glaucomaExocrineAcetylcholinePupilCompetitive antagonistGastricSalivaryToxicityMuscarinic AntagonistsAtropaParasympatheticGlycopyrrolateInjectionTachycardiaAutoinjectorsRespiratory tractCross the blood-brain bMucosalAlkaloidsStimulationScopolamineAdverseClinicalDilateVagotomyPancreaticRatsInsulinTypicallyMinimizeMucousHypotensionInvoluntaryDerivativesOccursExcessivePatientsEffects
Bronchial secretions4
- [email protected] (Matthew) writes: >I just heard that Benadryl is contraindicated in asthmatics because >antihistamines have atropine-like side-effects which can cause drying up >of bronchial secretions, thus plugging up the airways. (yarchive.net)
- Intravenous (IV) atropine indications include patients with hypersalivation, bronchial secretions, or bradycardia. (statpearls.com)
- Dyspnea develops in response to increased bronchial secretions and bronchoconstriction. (msdvetmanual.com)
- In smaller therapeutic doses, these drugs cause decreased salivary and bronchial secretions and decreased sweating. (howmed.net)
Sulfate7
- These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ATROPINE SULFATE INJECTION safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
- See full prescribing information for ATROPINE SULFATE INJECTION. (nih.gov)
- Atropine Sulfate Injection, USP, is indicated for temporary blockade of severe or life threatening muscarinic effects, e.g., as an antisialagogue, an antivagal agent, an antidote for organophosphorus or muscarinic mushroom poisoning, and to treat bradyasystolic cardiac arrest. (nih.gov)
- Limit the total dose of atropine sulfate to 0.03 to 0.04 mg/kg [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. (nih.gov)
- 0.4 mg/mL: containing 0.4 mg of atropine sulfate monohydrate equivalent to 0.332 mg of atropine. (nih.gov)
- Atropine or atropine sulfate carries FDA indications for anti-sialagogue/anti-vagal effect, organophosphate/muscarinic poisoning, and bradycardia. (statpearls.com)
- Atropine sulfate is now rarely used for premedication but still has an emergency role in the treatment of vagotonic side effects and is also used to treat acute arrhythmias after myocardial infarction. (formularywkccgmtw.co.uk)
Pralidoxime4
- Additional treatment included a continuous atropine infusion of 9 mg per hour for 5 days and a pralidoxime infusion (500 mg per hour) to a total of 26 g before ventilatory support could be discontinued. (cdc.gov)
- She was subsequently treated with a total of 9 mg of atropine and pralidoxime and was discharged from the hospital on May 16. (cdc.gov)
- Atropine is only useful to counter muscarinic effects (pralidoxime and benzodiazepines act on the others). (statpearls.com)
- Nerve agents are organophosphates, and patients exposed to these agents are treated with large doses of atropine (repeated frequently), pralidoxime, and benzodiazepines. (canadiem.org)
Doses8
- Type of cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity that may require extremely high doses of atropine. (cdc.gov)
- 2002) Thus, even when given sufficient doses of atropine, patients may need artificial ventilation, sometimes for weeks. (cdc.gov)
- Some cases of mild to moderate poisonings may improve with these doses of atropine. (cdc.gov)
- One author suggest avoiding large doses of pre-mixed atropine containing alcohol preservatives in children out of concern that alcohol toxicity could complicate the situation. (cdc.gov)
- If there is no improvement in the clinical state after repeat doses of atropine, additional treatments with atropine are unlikely to be effective. (statpearls.com)
- In contrast, intraperitoneal injection of even higher doses of pancreatic polypeptide (250, 1000, and 2500 ng/rat) failed to increase gastric secretion. (duke.edu)
- Effects of very low doses of atropine on basal acid and pepsin secretion, gastrin, and heart rate in normals and DU. (doximity.com)
- If Atropine is given slowly (or in low doses) to correct a bradycardia, it could paradoxically accentuate the parasympathetic actions of ACH - so therefore ACH would be considered the victor and thus the heart rate would continue to be slow or potentially get worse. (passwithpass.com)
Intestines and the secretion2
- The plant contains high levels of the alkaloids atropine, hyoscine and hyoscyamine, which inhibit the movement of smooth muscles in the intestines and the secretion of saliva. (farmersweekly.co.za)
- These medicines decrease the motion of the stomach and intestines and the secretion of stomach fluids, including acid. (medlineplus.gov)
Hyoscyamine3
- Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine. (lookformedical.com)
- Tropane alkaloids include three important ones from our perspective - atropine, scopolamine , and hyoscyamine . (allaboutheaven.org)
- Atropine, scopolamine , and hyoscyamine are the most powerful known anticholinergics in existence. (allaboutheaven.org)
Pepsin secretion2
- Intracisternal injection of rat pancreatic polypeptide (62.5, 250, and 1000 ng/rat) into pylorus-ligated rats resulted in a dose-dependent stimulation of gastric acid and pepsin secretion. (duke.edu)
- These results indicate that pancreatic polypeptide is capable of acting centrally in the brain to stimulate gastric acid and pepsin secretion through a vagal, muscarinic pathway and in so doing exerts an ulcerogenic action on the gastric mucosa. (duke.edu)
Anticholinergics1
- Anticholinergics such as atropine are often administered preoperatively. (biomultimedia.net)
Mechanism5
- Mechanism by which atropine counters the effects of the cholinergic toxidrome. (cdc.gov)
- In atropine-induced mydriasis, the mechanism of action involves blocking the contraction of the circular pupillary sphincter muscle (which is normally stimulated by acetylcholine release), thereby allowing the radial pupillary dilator muscle to contract and dilate the pupil. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- Two experiments investigated the mechanism for changes in measures of behavioral arousal inhibition in rats following administration of atropine. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- 1. What is the mechanism of atropine-like side effects of antihistamines? (yarchive.net)
- Identify the mechanism of action of atropine. (statpearls.com)
Bradycardia10
- Injections of atropine are used in the treatment of bradycardia (an extremely low heart rate) and asystole, which is a condition of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in cardiac arrest. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- Atropine is the first-line therapy (Class IIa) for symptomatic bradycardia in the absence of reversible causes. (statpearls.com)
- If bradycardia persists despite adequate respiratory support, atropine is indicated. (statpearls.com)
- Although not recommended as a routine agent, atropine may be used 3 to 5 minutes before initiation of RSI to prevent bradycardia. (statpearls.com)
- In the setting of post-intubation-related bradycardia, atropine is indicated. (statpearls.com)
- Under current ACLS protocols, atropine is indicated for symptomatic bradycardia and not in a pulseless patient. (statpearls.com)
- Atropine is also used as a premedication before general anaesthesia to reduce secretions from the lungs and is used as an emergency treatment for bradycardia - abnormally low heart beat. (allaboutheaven.org)
- Unlike atropine it may produce bradycardia rather than tachycardia. (formularywkccgmtw.co.uk)
- Atropine lives in your protocol for various ailments including symptomatic bradycardia and for rarer occurrences of organophosphate poisoning. (passwithpass.com)
- If the bradycardia is persistent and the patient is symptomatic with signs of AMS, hypotension, or signs of shock, give Atropine in a 1 mg bolus (repeat to a 3 mg max if necessary) If this is ineffective consider TCP and/or vasopressors. (passwithpass.com)
Classified as an anticholinergic1
- Atropine is commonly classified as an anticholinergic or anti-parasympathetic (parasympatholytic) drug. (passwithpass.com)
Motility3
- The author generally avoids premedication with atropine for gastroscopy and duodenoscopy because of its potential adverse effects on gastrointestinal motility and intestinal secretion. (vin.com)
- Atropine/diphenoxylate is an antimotility agent that can be useful in the treatment of diarrhea as second-line therapy by allowing the central-acting opioid effect of diphenoxylate and capitalization on its anticholinergic side effect of constipation to slow motility. (statpearls.com)
- Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system. (lookformedical.com)
Acid1
- Stimulation of acid secretion typically involves an initial elevation of intracellular calcium and cAMP, followed by activation of protein kinase cascades, which trigger the translocation of the proton pump, H+,K+-ATPase, from cytoplasmic tubulovesicles to the apical plasma membrane and thereby H+ secretion into the stomach lumen. (genome.jp)
Hyoscine1
- Hyoscine hydrobromide reduces secretions and also provides a degree of amnesia, sedation and anti-emesis. (formularywkccgmtw.co.uk)
Narrow angle glaucoma1
- Atropine is contraindicated in patients predisposed to narrow angle glaucoma. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Exocrine2
- The authors indicate this is the first report of this organophosphate anticholinesterase causing a functional ductal obstruction at the same time as stimulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion and is the first report of clinical pancreatitis complicating anticholinesterase insecticide intoxication. (cdc.gov)
- The exocrine function of the pancreas is the secretion of enzymes used to digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. (rnpedia.com)
Acetylcholine7
- Atropine works by competitively occupying muscarinic receptor sites, thus reducing the effects of excessive acetylcholine on these sites brought about by cholinesterase inhibition. (cdc.gov)
- This occurs because atropine is a competitive inhibitor of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- By blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, atropine also serves as an antidote for poisoning by organophosphate insecticides and nerve gases. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- Atropine is an antimuscarinic that works through competitive inhibition of postganglionic acetylcholine receptors and direct vagolytic action, which leads to parasympathetic inhibition of the acetylcholine receptors in smooth muscle. (statpearls.com)
- Atropine is a competitive antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor types M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5. (allaboutheaven.org)
- Atrovent (ipratropium bromide) is an anticholineric agent (related to atropine) that inhibits the actions of acetylcholine at parasympathic receptor sites in the bronchial smooth muscles resulting in bronchodilation. (firehall.com)
- Remember that Atropine is in part of a competitive landscape with Acetylcholine (ACH) - the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. (passwithpass.com)
Pupil3
- Atropin adolah ubek nan dipakai untuak maatasi danyuik jantuang nan malambek jo otot polos paruik nan tagang, malapangan pupil mato pado uveitis atau ambliopia , sarato untuak maubek karacunan pestisida jo agen saraf (gas saraf). (wikipedia.org)
- [7] Karajo atropin ko dapek mamunculkan efek sampiang yaitu muluik kariang, pupil maleba, urin tatahan, kabobolan, sarato danyuik jantuang capek. (wikipedia.org)
- Atropin maagiah efek pupil maleba sainggo baguno pulo untuak tindakan diagnostik. (wikipedia.org)
Competitive antagonist1
- Atropine is a competitive antagonist of acetyl choline and other muscarinic agonists on muscarinic receptors, it selectively reduce s or abolishes the muscarinic effects of acetyl choline. (howmed.net)
Gastric2
- Scholars@Duke publication: Stimulation of gastric secretion and enhanced gastric mucosal damage following central administration of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in rats. (duke.edu)
- The present study was carried out to investigate the central effects of pancreatic polypeptide on gastric secretion and gastric ulcer formation in conscious rats. (duke.edu)
Salivary1
- Glycopyrronium bromide reduces salivary secretions. (formularywkccgmtw.co.uk)
Toxicity2
- It has been suggested that when these physiological changes do not occur with this dose (sometimes referred to as an atropine challenge ), this is indicative of cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity. (cdc.gov)
- Parenteral atropine is not generally recommended for those whose sole manifestation of toxicity is miosis (pupillary constriction). (cdc.gov)
Muscarinic Antagonists1
- 4. Pretreatment (30 min) with the non-selective muscarinic antagonists scopolamine (0.1, 0.3 or 1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and atropine (0.3, 1 or 3 mg kg(-1), s.c.) but not methylatropine (1, 3 or 10 mg kg(-1), s.c) significantly inhibited stretching induced by Ro 04-6790 (30 mg kg(-1), i.p.). 5. (lookformedical.com)
Atropa1
- Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from the deadly nightshade ( Atropa belladonna ) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Parasympathetic2
- Generally, atropine lowers the "rest and digest" activity of all muscles and glands regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- The main action of the parasympathetic nervous system is to stimulate the M2 muscarinic receptor in the heart, but atropine inhibits this action. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Glycopyrrolate1
- Atropine or glycopyrrolate may be administered for secretions or bradyarrhythmia. (openanesthesia.org)
Injection1
Tachycardia2
- When the recurrent use of atropine is essential in patients with coronary artery disease, the total dose should be restricted to 2 to 3 mg (maximum 0.03 to 0.04 mg/kg) to avoid the detrimental effects of atropine-induced tachycardia on myocardial oxygen demand. (nih.gov)
- When given intravenously it produces less tachycardia than atropine. (formularywkccgmtw.co.uk)
Autoinjectors3
- Automatic injectors: the U.S. Armed Forces uses autoinjectors, containing 2 mg of atropine. (cdc.gov)
- These atropine autoinjectors are packaged with a 2-PAM autoinjector, called Mark I kits. (cdc.gov)
- Troops who are likely to be attacked with chemical weapons often carry autoinjectors with atropine and obidoxime which can be quickly injected into the thigh. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Respiratory tract1
- If there are local symptoms in the eyes or respiratory tract, atropine is not indicated. (statpearls.com)
Cross the blood-brain b1
- These latter effects are due to the fact that atropine is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Mucosal1
- Some patients with CC may have increased mucosal secretion of transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor, a fibrosis-enhancing peptide. (medscape.com)
Alkaloids1
- Atropine and Hyosine are natural alkaloids which differ quantitatively, main differences being in the action on CNS. (howmed.net)
Stimulation1
- Atropine inhibited this stimulation. (cdc.gov)
Scopolamine1
- These are known as inverse agonists and include atropine, M1 selective drugs, Pirenzepine, methyl derivatives of Scopolamine (Hyosine) and trihexphenydle. (howmed.net)
Adverse2
- Describe the potential adverse effects of atropine. (statpearls.com)
- Review interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to enhance patient outcomes and minimize adverse events with atropine. (statpearls.com)
Clinical3
- Clinical findings against which to titrate atropine dosage. (cdc.gov)
- After an initial dose of 2 mg atropine, her clinical status improved rapidly. (cdc.gov)
- The initial presentation in the emergency department was a classic cholinergic toxidrome, and clinical resolution was achieved after provision of atropine. (scielo.org.za)
Dilate1
- Topical atropine is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze accommodation, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Vagotomy2
Pancreatic1
- Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1), characterized as being an autoimmune disease that results from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells due to a genetic alteration that causes a deficiency in insulin secretion 1 , is becoming increasingly common in childhood. (bvsalud.org)
Rats3
- Physiological mechanisms of the stimulating effect of insulin hypoglycemia on calcitonin secretion were studied in double-side adrenalectomized and pancreatectomized rats and under the blocking synaptic transmission in sympathetic ganglions or via peripheral cholino- and adreno-receptor structures. (scirp.org)
- Insulin hypoglycemia didn't expose the increasing secretion of calcitonin in rats under adrenalectomy and pancreatectomy. (scirp.org)
- Butakova (Moisa), S.S. (2005) Calcitonin Secretion under the Different State of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Ontogenesis in Rats. (scirp.org)
Insulin2
- Corticosteroids and, obviously, glucagon and also the tone of autonomic nervous system via peripheral M-cholinoreactive and α- and β-adrenoreactive structures take part in the activation of calcitonin secretion under insulin hypoglycemia. (scirp.org)
- Moisa, S. and Nozdrachev, A. (2014) Calcitonin Secretion under Insulin Hypoglycemia. (scirp.org)
Typically2
- Symptoms typically resolved rapidly with atropine therapy. (cdc.gov)
- Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 2 to 3 days, so tropicamide is generally preferred as a mydriatic. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Minimize1
- You also may not be aware that it also has off label utilizations to minimize secretions in the intubated patient. (passwithpass.com)
Mucous2
- atrovent is a longer last broncodialator, but also decreases mucous secretions. (firehall.com)
- It also reduces the mucous production and increases the secretion viscosity which may be of benefit in patients with mucous pulmonary obstruction. (firehall.com)
Hypotension1
- Atropine is not indicated in beta-blocker-induced bradycardias or hypotension, though its use is unlikely to be harmful. (statpearls.com)
Involuntary1
- the system of nerves that controls automatic bodily actions, such as the functions of glandular tissues, the heart and smooth muscle, and involuntary movements and body functions (including secretions, pulse, and blood pressure). (ashp.org)
Derivatives2
- Atropine derivatives. (lookformedical.com)
- Analogs and derivatives of atropine. (lookformedical.com)
Occurs1
- Reduction of lacrimal secretion occurs. (howmed.net)
Excessive1
- Atropine eye drops should be given sublingually to reduce excessive airway secretions. (secularprolife.org)
Patients1
- Per AHA, Atropine should only be considered a temporizing measure while awaiting a transcutaneous pacemaker for patients with symptomatic high-degree AV block. (passwithpass.com)
Effects3
- Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist indicated for temporary blockade of severe or life threatening muscarinic effects. (nih.gov)
- While atropine can be used independently for anti-salivation effects, it is not formally recommended for routine use in controlled airways, though it can be used off-label for minimizing secretions in the intubated patient. (statpearls.com)
- Cholinergic effects include slowed heart rate, increased secretion, and increased activity of the gastrointestinal tract. (ashp.org)