Secretion insulin like growth factor i. Medical search. Frequent questions

In addition to the positive associations of IL-6 and leptin with insulin resistance and secretion, NGF was higher in the GDM patients and strongly linked to glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function in Chinese pregnant women in the second trimester. (biomedcentral.com)
However, explorations of the exact mechanism of insulin resistance in GDM are still limited, with most studies concentrating on T2DM. (biomedcentral.com)
To date, scientists have revealed that one of the central pathogenic mechanisms of insulin resistance is the modulation of inflammation-related factors, which affects the gene expression regulation and metabolism of some lipid-related factors involved in the insulin signalling pathway [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the close relationship between inflammation and insulin resistance, many studies have focused on the relationships between inflammation-related factors and GDM. (biomedcentral.com)
In obese subjects, adipokines and miokines interact to promote reticulum stress, insulin resistance, metabolic inflexibility and endothelial dysfunction. (benthamscience.com)
Visceral adipose tissue mass secretes a number of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines and growth factors leading to low grade inflammatory process and insulin resistance. (benthamscience.com)
In the first phase of insulin resistance a compensatory hyperinsulinemia develops. (benthamscience.com)
Here, we studied mice with β-cell-specific inactivation of Igf2 (βIGF2KO mice) and assessed β-cell mass and function in aging, pregnancy, and acute induction of insulin resistance. (unige.ch)
Finally, β-cell mass expansion in response to acute induction of insulin resistance was lower in βIGF2KO mice than in control mice. (unige.ch)
Thus, the autocrine action of IGF2 regulates adult β-cell mass and function to preserve in vivo GSIS in aging and to adapt β-cell mass in response to metabolic stress, pregnancy hormones, and acute induction of insulin resistance. (unige.ch)
Only circulating IGF2R, age, and BMI were independently associated with the degree of insulin resistance, as assessed by the HOMA model. (hindawi.com)
Research suggests that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are linked to the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
A study by Gabay et al indicated that insulin resistance in female adolescents with obesity may have a negative impact on brain structure and function. (medscape.com)
The report found, for example, that in the study population, the insular cortices in such patients tended to be thinner, a phenomenon that was not seen in male adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
In type 2 diabetes (late stage), beta cells fail to secrete insulin for maintaining the blood glucose level, owing to insulin resistance and genetic defect. (medscape.com)
A new study finds that adipocyte SLC7A10 impairments may impact lipid accumulation during insulin resistance in patients with obesity. (medscape.com)
Insulin resistance is associated with the capillary permeability of thigh muscles in patients with type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
Recent statistics indicate that number of epidemiological studies standing of the role of excessive fat dep- nearly 50% of the total Arab population from each country, we did not set any osition in promoting insulin resistance, are less than 25 years of age. (who.int)

Such challenges, including mixing procedures and transportation of calves to the veal farm, may have a negative influence on growth rate, feed intake, metabolism, immunity and disease susceptibility of calves. (frontiersin.org)
Human growth hormone (HGH) is necessary for growth, cell repair, and metabolism. (healthnews.com)
This is how the human growth hormone regulates metabolism to support normal growth. (healthnews.com)
Carbohydrates are broken down by the body to provide glucose, which is required for effective cell metabolism and growth hormone regulation. (healthnews.com)
The relation between obesity and cancer is complicated and involves alterations in insulin metabolism, response to inflammation and alterations in estradiol metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
VAV is assumed to be metabolically more active than SAV, and is involved in production of cytokines and release of free fatty acids that contribute to inflammation and alterations in insulin metabolism associated with metabolic syndrome and risk of EC [ 8 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a member of a family of growth factors that are structurally closely related to pro-insulin, has shown profound effects on chondrocyte biological behavior and fundamentally regulates cartilage matrix metabolism during cartilage repair. (biomedcentral.com)
The endocrine system-the other communication system in the body-is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide processes such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. (medscape.com)

PRL secretion is distinct from that of the other anterior pituitary hormones, being inhibited by hypothalamic dopamine. (medscape.com)
A negative feedback loop occurs such that the hormones produced in the target glands feed back to inhibit the release of their respective regulatory pituitary and hypothalamic factors. (medscape.com)
The release of HGH from the pituitary gland is controlled by two other hormones, growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin. (healthnews.com)
all of these changes are influenced by human growth hormones. (healthnews.com)
They make up the fundamental structure of cell membranes and are also needed for the production of hormones, including the growth hormone. (healthnews.com)
Notably, somatolactogenic hormones including growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and their receptors (GHR, PRLR, and IGF-1R) are critically involved in beta-cell growth, survival, differentiation, and insulin secretion. (nih.gov)
It's been shown to increase the secretion of several hormones including GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and produces sustained increases in the plasma levels of these hormones without affecting cortisol levels. (medium.com)
Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous airway disease caused by genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors treated with hormones and biologics. (ersjournals.com)
In addition, insulin is the most important factor in the regulation of plasma glucose homeostasis, as it counteracts glucagon and other catabolic hormones-epinephrine, glucocorticoid, and growth hormone. (medscape.com)
These hormones regulate the body's growth, and are involved in cell to cell communication, control metabolic activity, sleep-wake homeostasis, and altered regulation or dysregulation of adaptive response in various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. (medscape.com)

IGFBP-1 production from the liver is significantly elevated during insulinopenia while serum levels of bioactive IGF-1 is increased by insulin. (wikipedia.org)
Serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. (biomedcentral.com)
Assessment of insulin-like growth factor-I serum concentration as a screening procedure in diagnosing children with short stature. (nel.edu)
and low serum insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and/or insulin growth factor binding protein-3. (ajmc.com)
Therefore, IGF-1 is the crucial factor in serum and synovial fluid that promotes cartilage matrix anabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

In a fasting state, increased glucagon and epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion induce autophagy, and glucocorticoids have also been shown to induce autophagy by stimulating the transcription of autophagy genes such as ATG5, LC3, and Beclin-1 in various tissues 8 . (nature.com)
The adaptation of cows is dependent of homeostatic and homeorhetic mechanisms regulated by catecholamine, cortisol, GH, IGF-I, insulin and glucagon but the priorization of homeorhetic mechanisms could result in metabolic diseases. (ufrgs.br)
The pancreas lies in the curve of the duodenum and controls the level of sugar in the blood by secreting insulin and glucagon. (medscape.com)
An Association between Decreased Small Intestinal RNA Modification and Disturbed Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion under High-Fat Diet Stress. (cdc.gov)

It is protective for cartilage cells, and is associated with activation of osteocytes, and thus may be an anabolic factor for bone. (wikipedia.org)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathological state in which pancreatic β cells cannot release adequate insulin to meet the increased insulin demand [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Following, inductive signals between the developing diencephalon and the oral ectoderm, early transcription factors guide the formation of rudimentary Rathke's Pouch (rRP) and then subsequent gene regulatory pathways control the determination, proliferation, and differentiation events that establish the specialized hormone-secreting cells. (medscape.com)
Acromegaly is characterized by the abnormal secretion of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 by cancer cells. (healthline.com)
There is a series of signals and activation of various bone cells to increase replication and cellular growth. (healthnews.com)
Proteins and amino acids promote growth and provide cells and muscles energy to support life. (healthnews.com)
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), produced and secreted by adult β-cells, functions as an autocrine activator of the β-cell insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling pathway. (unige.ch)
In their new paper, Schafer and his fellow researchers describe a critical role for CAFs in blocking anoikis, a cell death process that inhibits the spread of tumor cells to distant sites, through the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs). (medicalxpress.com)
It has been known for many years that pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin, have many signaling receptors and a molecular composition that are similar to neurons. (labroots.com)

Studies previously conducted show that HS negatively affects the skeletal muscle growth and development by changing its effects on myogenic regulatory factors, insulin growth factor-1, and heat-shock proteins. (frontiersin.org)
Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. (medscape.com)
Insulin signaling is preserved in skeletal muscle during early diabetic ketoacidosis. (medscape.com)

The associations of these inflammatory factors with metabolic parameters were analysed. (biomedcentral.com)
Other nontypical inflammatory factors such as growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was also proved to have a close relationship with GDM [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These data provide evidence that inflammatory cytokines are important factors in the pathological processes of GDM. (biomedcentral.com)
However, studies of the exact relationships between inflammatory factors and some important metabolic indexes in Chinese GDM patients are still limited. (biomedcentral.com)
ASMC aberrations in asthmatics can cause hyperplasia, hypertrophy, inflammatory mediator secretions and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein secretions [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Hypopituitarism is a partial or complete insufficiency of pituitary hormone secretion that may derive from pituitary or hypothalamic disease. (medscape.com)
The pathway from embryogenesis to the full differentiation of specific functional cell types within the pituitary is controlled by numerous genes that encode transcription factors. (medscape.com)
Regulation of the development of the mammalian anterior pituitary gland by transcription factors. (medscape.com)
Roles of the LHX3 and LHX4 LIM-homeodomain factors in pituitary development. (medscape.com)
Circadian pattern of prolactin secretion in children with growth hormone deficiency and congenital organic lesions in the hypothalamic-pituitary region. (nel.edu)
Stawerska R, Lewiński A, Smyczyńska J, Hilczer M, Kowalska E, Kaniewska D, Karasek M. Circadian pattern of prolactin secretion in children with growth hormone deficiency and congenital organic lesions in the hypothalamic-pituitary region. (nel.edu)
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) is a peptide hormone, produced predominantly by the liver in response to pituitary GH (growth hormone). (brinkzone.com)
Acromegaly results from excess growth hormone (GH) secretion, due to a pituitary adenoma. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
When the supply of growth hormone (GH) was limited to extracts from human pituitary tissue, only the most severely affected children received treatment. (ajmc.com)

glucose tolerance was, however, normal because of increased insulin sensitivity. (unige.ch)

Since then, they have been found to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis as important post-transcriptional regulatory factors [ 15 ]. (ersjournals.com)
IGF-1 is a member of a family of growth factors that are structurally closely related to pro-insulin and can promote chondrocyte proliferation, enhance matrix production, and inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Modifiable risk factors for frailty including neurocognitive impairment, obesity, smoking, choice of initial cART (with NNRTI [non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor]-based cART increasing risk of frailty), and level of education. (natap.org)
However, obesity represents the archetypal complex multifactorial disease and arises as a result of behavioural, environmental, and genetic factors which may influence individual responses to diet and physical activity. (bmj.com)
OBJECTIVES: Risk factors for Barrett's esophagus include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, age, abdominal obesity, and tobacco use. (who.int)
This review summarizes the major pathological factors linking obesity to diabetes, focussing on current epidemiological data related to obese diabetic patients in the Arab world, the etiology of the disease and the genetic determinants of diabetes and obesity. (who.int)

1 2 Evidence that the gut microbiota composition can be different between healthy and obese and/or type 2 diabetic patients has led to the investigation of this environmental element as a key factor in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. (bmj.com)
Usually, high ambient temperature leads to stress associated problems such as production losses, metabolic changes, growth depression, and poor efficiency ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

Since at high concentrations it is capable of activating the insulin receptor, it can also complement for the effects of insulin. (wikipedia.org)
T2DM has become a source total of 122 studies were considered phied, becoming more resistant to the of suffering to both patients and their for the article and were reviewed in antilipolytic effects of insulin, resulting caregivers. (who.int)

Acromegaly is a rare, adult endocrine disorder arising from excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion after the closure of the epiphyseal plates at puberty. (medscape.com)

Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)

Where selective androgen receptor modulators work on those receptors, Mk 677 promotes growth hormone secretion and increases insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). (healthstatus.com)
It promotes the growth of lean body mass and boosts muscular strength. (medium.com)
CJC 1295 promotes the release of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1). (operationmilitarykids.org)

Studies have demonstrated the association between certain physiological factors and growth hormone levels in the body. (healthnews.com)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are proteins with high sequence similarity to insulin. (wikipedia.org)
It is somewhat difficult to relate this finding to the mammals, however, because in the smaller organism there are many genes (at least 37 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans) that are "insulin-like" or "IGF-1-like", whereas in the mammals insulin-like proteins comprise only seven members (insulin, IGFs, relaxins, EPIL, and relaxin-like factor). (wikipedia.org)
This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and its binding proteins play important roles in a number of biological processes, including growth and development as well as energy homeostasis. (hindawi.com)

Excessive administration of insulin is associated with elevated insulin levels. (medscape.com)

1 As obese children are more likely to become obese adults, 2 we may expect to see profound public health consequences as a result of the emergence in later life of associated co-morbidities such as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke. (bmj.com)

In normal conditions, prolactin (Prl) secretion manifests a circadian pattern. (nel.edu)
Prolactin (Prl) secretion in children manifests circadian rhythm. (nel.edu)

When released, HGH acts on parts of the body to induce growth. (healthnews.com)

MK-677, or Ibutamoren, is a potent, long-acting, orally active, selective, and non-peptide agonist of the ghrelin receptor and a growth hormone secretagogue, mimicking the growth hormone (GH)-stimulating action of the endogenous hormone ghrelin . (medium.com)
A standard insulin test is positive for endogenous insulin and exogenous insulin. (medscape.com)

Another interesting thing HGH does is promote the production of an insulin-growth factor that suppresses the body's insulin activity. (healthnews.com)

We previously reported that targeting the transcription factor XBP1, a key mediator of the ER stress response, delays disease progression and reduces protein aggregation in various models of neurodegeneration. (uchile.cl)

When the umbilical cord is cut, the infusion of glucose to the neonate ceases, and it may take hours or even days for the neonate to decrease its insulin production. (merckmanuals.com)
Insulin is a hormone that controls the blood glucose level. (healthnews.com)
HGH inhibits insulin action so that blood glucose levels are higher. (healthnews.com)
Insulin helps the body maintain the proper level of sugar, or glucose, in the bloodstream, and that process goes wrong in diabetes. (labroots.com)

The detrimental effects of HS include the reduction in growth, deterioration of meat quality as it reduces water-holding capacity, pH and increases drip loss in meat consequently changing the normal color, taste and texture of chicken meat. (frontiersin.org)
Insulin signaling through the insulin receptor increases linear growth through effects on bone and the GH-IGF-1 axis. (medscape.com)

The activated GHSR (Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor) stimulates growth hormone release from the brain. (healthstatus.com)

This study identifies IGF2 as a relevant factor deregulated in HD, operating as a disease modifier that buffers the accumulation of abnormal protein species. (uchile.cl)

The aim of this study is to investigate the insulin-like growth factor type 2 (IGF2R) gene and circulating soluble IGF2R in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). (hindawi.com)
Conversely, IGF2 signaling enhanced the secretion of soluble mutant huntingtin species through exosomes and microvesicles involving changes in actin dynamics. (uchile.cl)

Studies have shown that nutritional deprivation and malnutrition are associated with abnormal levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors in the body. (healthnews.com)
Abnormal neural plasticity has been related to changes in the expression of neurotrophic factors [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Nematodes, fruit-flies, and other organisms have an increased life span when the gene equivalent to the mammalian insulin is knocked out. (wikipedia.org)

Twin studies suggest a heritability of fat mass (fraction of the age adjusted phenotypic variance accounted for by genetic factors) of between 40% and 70% with a concordance of 0.7-0.9 between monozygotic twins compared to 0.35-0.45 between dizygotic twins. (bmj.com)
Variations in the response to dental treatments may be due to several factors, including genetic variability. (bvsalud.org)
1,2 The variations in the response to treatment may be due to several factors such as illness, differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, environmental factors and genetic factors. (bvsalud.org)
1,3 Whereas genetic factors may contribute to the effectiveness and safety of a drug, pharmacogenomics has been recently discussed. (bvsalud.org)

IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are GH dependent, whereas IGFBP-1 is insulin regulated. (wikipedia.org)
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) secretion is growth hormone (GH) dependent. (nel.edu)

Gialeli C., Tuysuz E., Staaf J., Guleed S., Paciorek V., Mörgelin M., Papadakos K.S. and Blom A.M. (2021) Complement inhibitor CSMD1 modulates epidermal growth factor receptor oncogenic signaling and sensitizes breast cancer to chemotherapy. (lu.se)

There is increasing evidence that the IGF system is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Evidence for direct secretion of strontium from the plasma into the intestine is provided by studies in animals. (cdc.gov)

To identify disease modifier genes that may explain the neuroprotective effects of XBP1 deficiency, we performed gene expression profiling of brain cortex and striatum of these animals and uncovered insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) as the major upregulated gene. (uchile.cl)

Receptors for IGF-1 are found in vascular smooth muscle, while typical receptors for insulin are not found in vascular smooth muscle. (wikipedia.org)

FDA indications in children include GH deficiency (GHD), Turner syndrome, idiopathic short stature, small for gestational age with failure to attain normal growth percentiles, Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), chronic renal insufficiency, Noonan syndrome, and short stature due to short stature homeobox gene haploinsufficiency. (ajmc.com)
The treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children and adults has been impacted greatly by the availability of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). (ajmc.com)

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (commonly referred to as IGF-1 or at times using Roman numerals as IGF-I) is mainly secreted by the liver as a result of stimulation by growth hormone (GH). (wikipedia.org)
The role of liver-derived insulin-like growth factor-I. Endocr Rev, 2009. (brinkzone.com)
The IGF-I decrease in postpartum may be by the decreased expression of receptors for growth hormone (GH) in the liver, and consequently reduced synthesis and/or IGF-I hepatic clearance, which reduce of the negative feedback of IGF-I on GH secretion. (ufrgs.br)

Moreover, BPC 157 inhibits 4-hydroxynonenal - a growth-limiting compound that delays the recovery process. (operationmilitarykids.org)

Gomes ICP, Melo HI, Melo SIA, Menezes NV, Dantas TVP, Cipolotti R. Growth and puberty in a prospective cohort of patients with sickle-cell anaemia: an assessment over ten years. (bvsalud.org)
Growth and puberty in a prospective cohort of patients with sickle-cell anaemia: an assessment over ten years anaemia, representing the most severe form of SCD1. (bvsalud.org)

To deal with the first issue, we compared ageing parameters of young (up to 39) and old (over 70) individuals having similar insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) blood levels. (karger.com)
The presented study of IGF-1 levels suggests that the GH secretion in adulthood plays a determinant role not only for some regressive manifestations, but also for life potential. (karger.com)
Taking CLA by mouth does not improve pre-meal or post-meal blood sugar or insulin levels in people with type 2 diabetes . (webmd.com)
For normal growth and development, the human growth hormone must be within normal levels in the body. (healthnews.com)
Exercise, improved sleep, and a balanced diet have been identified as ways to optimize growth hormone levels in the body. (healthnews.com)
It's being hailed as a game-changer in the realm of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) because of its ability to enhance growth hormone levels. (medium.com)
Autoimmunity to insulin or insulin receptor is associated with elevated insulin levels. (medscape.com)
Increased insulinlike growth factor levels are associated with non-beta cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Cytokine screening revealed overall decreased secretion levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), CD147 (basigin) and CD31 (PECAM-1) as well as elevated levels of interleukin 5 (IL-5) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) in response to checkpoint inhibitor treatment. (uni-luebeck.de)

Human growth hormone is a key hormone during puberty. (healthnews.com)
Teens must eat a balanced diet to capitalize on their growth rates during puberty. (healthnews.com)

Ghrelin (GHR) may also influence GH secretion by acting directly on somatotrophs or through stimulatory effects on GHRH neurons. (endotext.org)

Metabolites as Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a 12-year Follow-up Study. (medscape.com)

IGF-1 binds to it at significantly higher affinity than it binds the insulin receptor. (wikipedia.org)

Insulin like growth factor type I (IGF-I) showed marked reduction between pre and postpartum, and the lowest value was observed in the week +1. (ufrgs.br)
Unlike type-1 diabetes, in which the body no longer produces insulin, in type-2 the body still makes insulin, just not enough of it, or uses it inefficiently. (labroots.com)

Schematic representation of the interactions between somatostatin (SRIH)-producing neurons in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus (Pev) and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus. (endotext.org)
The growth hormone-releasing hormone, as its name implies, prompts the production and release of the human growth hormone. (healthnews.com)

Fetal membrane rupture is associated with the presence of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in vaginal secretions. (qiagen.com)

The total calcium concentrations were below the threshold (8.50 mg/dL) established by Goff [10] at parturition, week +1 and +2 and probably is due to the secretion of 20-30 g of calcium per day during the colostrum synthesis. (ufrgs.br)

It acts as a neurotrophic factor, inducing the survival of neurons. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy5

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes13

Information Science3

Resistance18

Metabolism8

Hormones10

Serum5

Glucagon4

Cells9

Skeletal muscle3

Inflammatory5

Pituitary9

Sensitivity1

Apoptosis2

Obesity4

Metabolic2

Effects of insulin2

Acromegaly1

Intracellular1

Promotes3

Physiological1

Proteins4

Excessive1

Diabetes mellitus1

Prolactin2

Induce1

Endogenous2

Body's1

Mediator1

Glucose4

Increases2

Secretagogue1

Accumulation1

Soluble2

Abnormal2

Mammalian1

Genetic4

Dependent2

Complement1

Evidence2

IGF21

Vascular1

Deficiency2

Liver3

Inhibits1

Assessment2

Levels9

Puberty2

Ghrelin1

Diabetic retinopathy1

Binds1

Type2

Hormone-releasi2

Rupture1

Concentrations1

Survival1