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Ion ChannelsIon TransportIon Channel GatingHeavy IonsSpectrometry, Mass, Secondary IonIon PumpsIon ExchangeMetalsPotassiumSodiumSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationCalciumMagnesiumHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCationsKineticsChloridesMembrane PotentialsLigand-Gated Ion ChannelsZincModels, MolecularMass SpectrometryCobaltHeavy Ion RadiotherapyManganeseMolecular Sequence DataIon Exchange ResinsChromatography, Ion ExchangeBinding SitesAmino Acid SequenceCations, MonovalentGasesCopperElectric ConductivityProtonsAnionsWaterProtein ConformationMetals, AlkaliModels, ChemicalTandem Mass SpectrometryPotassium ChannelsSodium ChannelsCell Membrane PermeabilityElectrochemistryLithiumNickelRubidiumPatch-Clamp TechniquesCyclotronsElectrophysiologyMolecular StructureCell MembraneMetals, Alkaline EarthCadmiumQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsIon-Selective ElectrodesGramicidinProtein BindingThermodynamicsMetals, Rare EarthStatic ElectricityModels, BiologicalPeptidesCrystallography, X-RayBiological Transport, ActiveBiological TransportSolutionsChelating AgentsCesiumSodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPaseEdetic AcidTemperatureProtein Structure, TertiaryAdenosine TriphosphateLipid BilayersCatalysisSodium ChlorideOsmolar ConcentrationMetals, HeavySilverXenopus laevisPhosphatesMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryFourier AnalysisSpectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationStrontiumBariumCattleSaltsEscherichia coliLinear Energy TransferCalcium ChannelsMathematicsTime FactorsComputer SimulationPotentiometryMolecular ConformationSubstrate Specificity
20001992Lithium ions1991Negatively chargedHttpsSodiumElectronCollisionsTransition metalSpeciesFrequenciesGradientsAnodeTransportersUrineCalculationsExperimentalExperimentsMechanismsDetectionIntercalating compoundsPolymericElectrodesNeuronalProteinsVoltageFluxConcentrationsSecondaryOxideHeatingSampleDataHeavyMolecularInvestigateReviewComputationalMetalTransportEarthResultsBatteriesMadeSystemRoleSmallChargeHighProperties
20001
19921
  • 1992, 1994] showed that BBFs mainly occur during active magnetospheric periods and are in particular related to phases of substorms. (esa.int)
Lithium ions2
  • Here we report that disordered rock salt 4 , 5 Li 3+ x V 2 O 5 can be used as a fast-charging anode that can reversibly cycle two lithium ions at an average voltage of about 0.6 volts versus a Li/Li + reference electrode. (nature.com)
  • The anode may be constructed from transition metal compounds having layered structures into which lithium ions can be intercalated and deintercalated during charge and discharge. (google.com)
19911
  • For both, we find that the real price of lithium-ion cells, scaled by their energy capacity, has declined by about 97% since their commercial introduction in 1991. (rsc.org)
Negatively charged1
  • These results suggest that the active-site zinc ion in alcohol dehydrogenase prefers a coordination number of four during the catalytic reaction, especially when the non-protein ligand is negatively charged. (lu.se)
Https1
  • The developed web server ( https://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/servers/rhodopred ) can identify the Ion Pumping Haloarchaeal rhodopsin proteins and their subtypes. (biomedcentral.com)
Sodium3
  • Mutations in four genes have been identified in familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), from which CACNA1A (FHM type 1) and SCN1A (FHM type 3) code for neuronal voltage-gated calcium or sodium channels, respectively, while ATP1A2 (FHM type 2) encodes the α 2 isoform of the Na + ,K + -ATPase's catalytic subunit, thus classifying FHM primarily as an ion channel/ion transporter pathology. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sodium (Na V ), potassium (K V ), and calcium (Ca V ) permeable voltage-gated ion channels are shown in red, blue, and green, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • Measurement of sodium, potassium, and chloride in a subset of stored casual urine samples from NHANES III (1988-1994). (cdc.gov)
Electron1
  • In solar physics, heliospheric pickup ions are created when neutral particles inside the heliosphere are ionized by either solar ultraviolet radiation, charge exchange with solar wind protons or electron impact ionization. (wikipedia.org)
Collisions4
  • Within five different approaches to parton propagation and energy loss in dense matter, a phenomenological study of experimental data on suppression of large- p T single inclusive hadrons in heavy-ion collisions at both the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was carried out. (osti.gov)
  • Values for the jet transport parameter $$\hat{q}$$ at the center of the most central heavy-ion collisions are extracted or calculated within each model, with parameters for the medium properties that are constrained by experimental data on the hadron suppression factor R AA . (osti.gov)
  • Existing event generators for the study of jets in heavy ion collisions are roughly speaking divided into two categories. (lu.se)
  • suited to investigate the influence of the heavy ion "underlying event", i.e. the presence of several jets from almost uncorrelated sub-collisions, disturb- ing the jet signal of interest. (lu.se)
Transition metal1
Species3
  • In general, the preferential sputtering is largely depending on the primary ion species and the impact energies. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • For He + bombardment, it is more of an issue for low keV impact energies and for the heavier primary ion species the preferential sputtering is sample dependent. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • While such electrically charged species - "ions" - are common in the world of inorganic compounds the opposite is true in the world of organic compounds, particularly in the case of the so called hydrocarbons. (nobelprize.org)
Frequencies1
  • Heating and Confinement in the Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies on the Divertor Tokamak ASDEX. (mpg.de)
Gradients2
  • The Na + ,K + -ATPase maintains the physiological gradients for Na + and K + ions and is, therefore, critical for the activity of ion channels and transporters involved neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter uptake or Ca 2+ signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Enzymes, specifically Na + /K + ATPase, use metabolic energy stores (ATP) generated by the mitochondria of the stria and spiral ligament to pump Na + and K + ions against their concentration gradients (see the image above). (medscape.com)
Anode1
  • The anode of a lithium ion battery may be constructed from a carbonaceous material. (google.com)
Transporters1
  • The identified ORFs showed homology to proteins involved in the transport of metal ions, two-component signal transducers, ATP-binding-cassette-type transporters and a sigma factor. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Urine1
  • The measurement of electrolytes in urine via ion-selective electrode (ISE) is an established and widely used procedure in routine clinical laboratories. (cdc.gov)
Calculations1
  • When comparing heavy ion calculations to data, the comparison is usually carried out at various "centralities", understood as the impact parameter at which the nuclei have collided. (lu.se)
Experimental2
  • In this work we investigate how He + and Ne + bombardment influences roughness formation and preferential sputtering for polymer samples and how they compare to Ar + primary ions used in classical SIMS by combining experimental techniques with Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and SD_TRIM_SP modelling. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • It has been found that all SI tested form insoluble salts with hardness ions under the experimental conditions used (pH 7.0 to 10.0, 25 to 65 °C, 100 to 1,000 mg/L Ca). The results indicate that compatibility of hardness ions with SI decreases with increasing pH, temperature, and hardness ion concentrations and increases with increasing NaCl concentrations. (degruyter.com)
Experiments1
  • The authors used ionic polyacrylamides (PAM), Cu(II) ions and carbon-silica composite (C-SiO 2 ) in the experiments. (mdpi.com)
Mechanisms3
  • The detailed production mechanisms for these ions are currently under debate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we review cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in axonal ion channel modulation and examine how changes to ion channel function affect AP initiation, AP propagation, and the release of neurotransmitter. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cellular mechanisms of neuromodulation of axonal ion channels. (frontiersin.org)
Detection1
  • Fluorescence imaging is an indispensable method for analysis of diverse cellular and molecular processes, enabling, for example, detection of ions, second messengers, or metabolites. (jneurosci.org)
Intercalating compounds1
  • Li ions can be inserted into and extracted from these intercalating compounds with little or no structural modification of the compound. (google.com)
Polymeric1
  • Solid-state secondary lithium ion batteries are constructed from polymeric electrodes bonded to current collectors and separated by a polymeric separator. (google.com)
Electrodes1
  • Atomic layer deposition (ALD) provides a promising route for depositing uniform thin-film electrodes for Li-ion batteries. (mdpi.com)
Neuronal2
  • Neuromodulatory regulation of ion channels affects how ion channels respond to voltage deflections on short and long time scales, thus affecting how certain features of synaptic input are transformed into neuronal output. (frontiersin.org)
  • Axonal ion channels are important for many aspects of neuronal function, from the initiation and propagation of APs to the release of neurotransmitter ( Figure 1A ). (frontiersin.org)
Proteins2
  • This study uses a support vector machine (SVM) technique to identify these ion-pumping Haloarchaeal rhodopsin proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the following, we refer to pump of halophilic archaebacteria, has become the these as the extracellular (EC) channel and the paradigm of membrane proteins in general and ion cytoplasmic (CP) channel. (lu.se)
Voltage3
  • This process is mediated by a rich assortment of voltage-gated ion channels whose function can be affected on short and long time scales by activity. (frontiersin.org)
  • (B) Schematic of GPCR neuromodulation of voltage-gated ion channels in the axon initial segment. (frontiersin.org)
  • APs are initiated in the axon initial segment (AIS), a cellular compartment enriched with voltage-gated ion channels and GPCRs ( Figure 1B ). (frontiersin.org)
Flux1
  • Opposite to the focusing cone, on the so-called upwind side of the Sun, an enhanced pickup ion flux in the form of a crescent is produced for atoms with low first ionization potentials (H+, O+, N+). (wikipedia.org)
Concentrations1
  • Reticulated vitreous carbons (10, 60 and 100 ppi grades) have been further investigated as cathodes for the removal of low concentrations of both organics and heavy metal ions from effluents and process streams. (soton.ac.uk)
Secondary2
Oxide3
  • This low-potential, high-rate intercalation reaction can be used to identify other metal oxide anodes for fast-charging, long-life lithium-ion batteries. (nature.com)
  • Radmacher, M. Fritz-Stephan, H. E. Gaub Changes in surface topology of amorphous silicon oxide and mica after ion milling Pure & Appl. (uni-bremen.de)
  • Changes in surface topology of amorphous silicon oxide and mica after ion-milling. (uni-bremen.de)
Heating1
  • First Results of Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating on ASDEX Upgrade. (mpg.de)
Sample3
  • However, full advantage of this new technique can only be obtained when the interaction of He + or Ne + primary ions with the sample is fully controlled. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • The 1994 NAMCS sample included 3,499 physicians: 3,156 Medical Doctors and 343 Doctors of Osteopathy. (cdc.gov)
  • D. SAMPLE DESIGN The 1994 NAMCS utilized a multistage probability design that involved probability samples of primary sampling units (PSU's), physician practices within PSU's, and patient visits within practices. (cdc.gov)
Data3
  • In addition, the data suggest that SI architecture (i. e., molecular weight, monomer functional group, and nature of polymerization solvents) influences the interactions of hardness ions with SI in aqueous systems. (degruyter.com)
  • Here we systematically collect, harmonize, and combine various data series of price, market size, research and development, and performance of lithium-ion technologies. (rsc.org)
  • We collect and harmonize data that describe how lithium-ion technologies have improved and possible drivers of their advancement. (rsc.org)
Heavy3
  • The paper presents an original study on adsorption and aggregation phenomena in a mixed system consisting of a macromolecular compound, heavy metal ions and an innovative adsorbent. (mdpi.com)
  • Ponce de León Albarrán, Carlos (1994) The removal of heavy metal ions and organics from aqueous solutions using a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode cell. (soton.ac.uk)
  • In this heavy ion event, one or more jets can be added, again using a jet calculation of the users' choice, allowing for more realistic simulation studies of jets in a heavy ion background. (lu.se)
Molecular1
Investigate1
  • The observations of interstellar pickup ions close to Earth allow to investigate the gas dynamics of the local interstellar medium, which otherwise can only be inferred remotely via optical observations or by a direct measurement of the interstellar neutral gas. (wikipedia.org)
Review1
  • Pick-up Ion Measurements in the Heliosphere - A Review" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Computational1
  • As a result, a low-cost computational approach is required to identify Ion-pumping Haloarchaeal rhodopsin sequences and its subtype. (biomedcentral.com)
Metal2
  • In conclusion, X. aethiopica has a higher antioxidant and protective potential against ion-mediated oxidative damage and may be considered as a potential drug against metal-mediated toxicity. (degruyter.com)
  • The prothrombinase complex is the enzymatic complex responsible for timely thrombin formation at the place of vascular injury and is composed of the enzyme, factor Xa (fXa), the non-enzymatic cofactor factor Va (fVa), and the substrate prothrombin assembled on a lipid membrane in the presence of divalent metal ions. (csuohio.edu)
Transport1
Earth1
  • A numerical model is used to study the possibility of a thin current sheet formation in the near-Earth magnetotail in the growth phase of a substorm for a wide range of parameters of longitudinal countermoving ion flows that create current sheet. (springer.com)
Results2
  • The simulation results make it possible to conclude that the current sheet can be formed by oxygen ion flows of ionospheric origin in cases where the proton fluxes can be neglected or they are rather weak. (springer.com)
  • Our results begin to approximate how previous measures might have underestimated the rate of lithium-ion technologies' improvement and suggest how much faster these technologies might advance when other characteristics are prioritized. (rsc.org)
Batteries2
  • Cathode degradation is a key factor that limits the lifetime of Li-ion batteries. (nature.com)
  • These coating materials have the potential to prolong the cycle-life of Li-ion batteries and surpass the performance of common coatings based on conventional materials such as Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, MgO or ZrO 2 . (nature.com)
Made1
  • Despite progress made, mil ions of children and women in Tanzania stil suffer from different forms of under nutrition, including low birth weight, stunting, underweight, wasting, vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency disorders and anaemia. (who.int)
System2
  • Recently, the development of a SIMS add-on system for the helium ion microscope (HIM) [2] demonstrated SIMS imaging with even higher lateral resolution in the 10 nm range [3] . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • stands in a long tradition of digital games like System Shock (Looking Glass Studios 1994. (gamephilosophy.org)
Role1
  • The industrial application of Ion-pumping Haloarchaeal rhodopsins is limited by the lack of full-length rhodopsin sequence-based classifications, which play an important role in Ion-pumping activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Small3
  • Recent advances, including the ability to more directly interrogate ion channel function in small axonal compartments, has improved our understanding of how channel function is regulated in these compartments. (frontiersin.org)
  • as a result, the output spike pattern of a neuron is highly sensitive to the neuromodulation of the small fraction of ion channels localized to the AIS. (frontiersin.org)
  • Combined with a high-resolution mass spectrometer, mass interferences can be avoided and isotopes and small cluster ions identified unambiguously. (beilstein-journals.org)
Charge1
  • Pickup ions are generally characterized by their single charge state, a typical velocity that ranges between 0 km/s and twice the solar wind velocity (~800 km/s), a composition that reflects their neutral seed population and their spatial distribution in the heliosphere. (wikipedia.org)
High1
  • Lithium-ion technologies offer one possible option, but their costs remain high relative to cost-competitiveness targets, which could hinder these technologies' broader adoption. (rsc.org)
Properties2
  • Neuromodulatory transmitters engage G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), activating intracellular signaling cascades that then can directly activate or modify the properties of ion channels. (frontiersin.org)
  • The ISE makes use of the unique properties of certain membrane materials to develop an electrical potential for the measurement of ions in solution. (cdc.gov)