AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentTechnology, Industry, Agriculture
Acne VulgarisSebumPurpura FulminansPropionibacterium acnesDermatologic AgentsPurpura, Schoenlein-HenochSebaceous GlandsIsotretinoinPurpuraBenzoyl PeroxideSacroiliitisFolliculitisProtein C DeficiencyProteus vulgarisIce CreamMite InfestationsAdministration, TopicalKeratolytic AgentsPropionibacteriumProtein CRosaceaDermatitis, SeborrheicDesulfovibrio vulgarisOintmentsMeningococcal InfectionsGelsClindamycinChlorella vulgarisSkinSqualene
PropionibacteriumFollicularCutibacteriumComedonesLesionsPathogenesis of acneExcessSynovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitisInflammatory acneConglobataInflammationSystemicOily substanceAndrogensExcretionBenzoyl peroxideIsotretinoinCystsCystic acneSymptomsInfantilePustulesComedoneNodulesSeverity of the acneWorsen acneLate-onsetForm of acnePractice EssentialsAffectsPatients with and without acneInterplayFollicleSebocytesAndrogenFolliculitisTreatment of acnePatient'sAdolescentsNodular acneSebaceous glandNodulocystic acneGeneticScarsEpidemiologyHormonalLeedsBacteriaAssessmentAutoimmuneAntibioticMildTopicalScarring
Propionibacterium2
Follicular5
  • Acne conglobata is included in the follicular occlusion tetrad along with hidradenitis suppurativa, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp and pilonidal cysts. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • As a result of the plug-like closure of the follicular excretory duct and simultaneous seborrhea, the sebum is backed up into the follicular gland unit = comedo (acne comedonica ). (altmeyers.org)
  • Follicular pustules (acne papulopustulosa ) develop due to purulent melting. (altmeyers.org)
  • In severe cases (acne conglobata ), follicular ruptures due to comedone components lead to pronounced inflammatory processes deep into the dermis, with furunculoid, often confluent, painful abscesses (acne conglobata ). (altmeyers.org)
  • Papules and pustules occur when C. acnes colonizes the closed comedones, breaking down sebum into free fatty acids that irritate the follicular epithelium and eliciting an inflammatory response by neutrophils and then lymphocytes, which further disrupts the epithelium. (msdmanuals.com)
Cutibacterium1
  • If left untreated, Cutibacterium acnes bacteria can flourish causing comedones to degrade to papules or pustules as the bacteria breaks down the follicle walls and spreads, triggering a response from the immune system. (dermcollective.com)
Comedones10
  • The presence of inflammatory papules and pustules along with comedones, involving the face, chest, shoulders and back, are hallmarks of acne vulgaris. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • Lesions of acne include open and closed comedones. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • When the acne breakout is mild or moderate, there is only a little skin inflammation and a lot of papules, pustules and acne comedones such as whiteheads and blackheads . (progressivehealth.com)
  • Unlike comedones, papules and pustules which are superficial acne lesions, nodules and cysts can cause permanent damage to the skin. (progressivehealth.com)
  • It is described as an inflammatory skin disease presenting with acne comedones, nodules, inflamed pus-filled tissues and draining sinus tracts. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Acne conglobata starts with blackheads appearing on the face in clusters of 2 - 3 comedones. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Blackheads are acne comedones which leave dark spots on the skin. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Acne vulgaris first presents as comedones, in the form of whiteheads or blackheads . (dermcollective.com)
  • Acne vulgaris is the formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and/or cysts as a result of obstruction and inflammation of pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and their accompanying sebaceous gland). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Closed comedones are the precursor lesions to inflammatory acne. (msdmanuals.com)
Lesions22
  • [ 3 ] Acne fulminans is a syndrome of fulminant, necrotizing acne associated with bone lesions, constitutional symptoms, and laboratory abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Granulomas and crusted acne lesions in acne fulminans. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic inflammation in acne fulminans, characteristic to acne lesions, can also be accompanied by angiogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • The clinically inflammatory lesions seen in acne vary from papules and pustules to more severe nodules and nodulocystic lesions (Figure 3). (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • Scarring most often results from more severe inflammatory acne lesions but can occur with milder forms as well. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • Ultrastructural observations in acne vulgaris: the normal sebaceous follicle and acne lesions. (bmj.com)
  • The lesions of steroid acne (Fig. 7.39) differ from those of acne vulgaris by being of uniform size and symmetric distribution, usually on the neck, chest, and back. (inner-desire.com)
  • Erosive crusting lesions on the back of a young male with acne fulminans. (rooksdermatology.com)
  • Infantile acne may involve cystic lesions and scarring. (rooksdermatology.com)
  • Moderate to severe inflammatory acne including a mixture of non‐inflammatory and inflammatory lesions with seborrhoea. (rooksdermatology.com)
  • elevated levels of IGF-1 (see insulin-like growth factor ) correlate with the total number of acne lesions. (altmeyers.org)
  • Severe acne types include cystic and nodular acne which forms deep within tissue and is characterized by widespread, painful inflamed lesions. (dermcollective.com)
  • These are plugs of oil, dead skin cells and debris that form in hair follicles (pores) and are considered noninflammatory acne lesions. (dermcollective.com)
  • All these effects work together to help clear skin of acne lesions and help prevent future flare-ups. (dermcollective.com)
  • Acne is classified by its severity as well as the type of lesions present. (dermcollective.com)
  • Acne lesions may occasionally need to be physically removed because they are at risk of causing anacne scar, or they are in a particularly unsightly location. (dermatologistsnyc.com)
  • Incision and drainage may be required for cases of severe acne in order to treat deep acne lesions that have developed into cysts. (dermatologistsnyc.com)
  • Acne surgery is the term which refers to several surgical approaches for removing acne lesions. (dermatologistsnyc.com)
  • R emoval of non-red or non-inflamed acne lesions differs from that of red or inflamed lesions. (dermatologistsnyc.com)
  • However, the rare, large, deep acne lesions may not respond to cortisones and may have to be incised. (dermatologistsnyc.com)
  • Cutting open or incising large acne lesions is always done by the dermatologist. (dermatologistsnyc.com)
  • Flat lesions are more readily camouflaged with makeup or a tinted acne lotion. (dermatologistsnyc.com)
Pathogenesis of acne3
  • Some authors note that elevated blood levels of testosterone may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acne fulminans. (medscape.com)
  • The influence of genetics and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of acne: a twin study of acne in women. (bmj.com)
  • The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial. (medscape.com)
Excess4
  • Acne may be the only clinical sign of androgen excess in men, and one report is available about a boy with acne fulminans and androgen excess due to late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (medscape.com)
  • Acne conglobata can leave either pitted, atrophic scars (with tissue loss like the typical ice pick acne scars) or raised, hypertrophic (with keloid structures formed from excess collagen as the body overcompensates for tissue loss). (progressivehealth.com)
  • However, it does not treat the underlying causes of acne, which are excess sebum production and bacterial infection. (inner-desire.com)
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other endocrine disorders associated with excess androgens may trigger the development of acne. (medscape.com)
Synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis2
  • It can be the dermatologic manifestation of the synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Psoriatic rheumatism and a related new entity, SAPHO, synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis syndrome]. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Inflammatory acne8
  • In darker skinned patients, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is often present and can last for several months after resolution of inflammatory acne, and in rare instances may be permanent. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • However, severe acne is characterized by the appearance of a lot of inflammatory acne bodies. (progressivehealth.com)
  • It can minimize the redness and swelling of inflammatory acne. (inner-desire.com)
  • Inflammatory acne: Topical retinoid and/or topical antibiotic and/or benzoyl peroxide. (inner-desire.com)
  • Moderate to severe inflammatory acne on the face. (rooksdermatology.com)
  • Inflammatory acne develops when sebum (an oily substance secreted from the sebaceous glands to protect skin) combines with dead skin cells, debris and acne-causing bacteria. (dermcollective.com)
  • Nodules and cysts are other manifestations of inflammatory acne. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Acne fulminans is a severe and rare form of inflammatory acne. (bvsalud.org)
Conglobata16
  • Acne fulminans (AF), also known as acne maligna, was originally described as acute febrile ulcerative acne conglobata (AC). (medscape.com)
  • In 1958, at a meeting of the Detroit Dermatological Society, Burns and Colville presented a 16-year-old white boy with acute febrile disease and acne conglobata. (medscape.com)
  • See Acne Conglobata , Acne Keloidalis Nuchae , Acne Vulgaris , and Acneiform Eruptions for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
  • Acne conglobata is another form of severe, nodulocystic acne. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • Acne conglobata is a severe form of acne vulgaris. (progressivehealth.com)
  • What is Acne Conglobata? (progressivehealth.com)
  • Acne conglobata affects mostly men around between the ages of 18 and 30. (progressivehealth.com)
  • The cause of acne conglobata is unknown but since it appears mainly in men, it is believed to be caused high levels of androgens such as testosterone. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Another support for this theory comes from the fact that acne conglobata is commonly seen in men who abuse anabolic steroids and those who have recently stopped testosterone therapies. (progressivehealth.com)
  • People with androgen-releasing tumors, women with PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) or those with Cushing's syndrome have a very high risk of developing acne conglobata. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Studies have also shown that acne conglobata runs in some families. (progressivehealth.com)
  • This points to a genetic cause and in fact, defects in XYY karyotype or chromosomal composition have been associated with severe forms of acne conglobata. (progressivehealth.com)
  • This last theory is the basis of antibiotic use in the treatment of acne conglobata. (progressivehealth.com)
  • However, the large, engorged pimples of acne conglobata rupture and spread further. (progressivehealth.com)
  • While acne conglobata is a rare disease, acne arthritis due to acne conglobata is even rarer. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Acne conglobata of the buttocks aggravated by mechanical and environmental factors. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Inflammation6
  • Treatment of acne fulminans is aimed at controlling the inflammation quickly while preventing an isotretinon-associated flare (see treatment).Typically oral corticosteroids are started with a gradual introduction of isotretinoin. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • Severe acne can be notoriously difficult to treat because the inflammation is both deep within the dermis and extensive. (dermcollective.com)
  • This approach aims to kill C. acnes bacteria and calm inflammation, reduce sebum-producing activity, clear skin of pore-clogging debris and dead skin cells, and normalize hormone levels. (dermcollective.com)
  • Severe acne causes widespread inflammation which is likely to cause extensive scarring. (dermcollective.com)
  • Nodular acne develops when acne bacteria multiply and spread deep within skin tissue resulting in widespread inflammation and the formation of cysts and large, hard nodules. (dermcollective.com)
  • Treatment, based on severity, can involve a variety of topical and systemic agents directed at reducing sebum production, comedone formation, inflammation, and bacterial counts and at normalizing keratinization. (msdmanuals.com)
Systemic3
  • Systemic symptoms often accompany acne fulminans. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • therapeutic agents include topical acne medications, systemic retinoids, hormonal therapy and antibiotics. (dermcollective.com)
  • The main subtype was acne fulminans with systemic symptoms, and most patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids. (bvsalud.org)
Oily substance1
Androgens2
Excretion2
  • High levels of testosterone and anabolic steroids cause an increase in sebum excretion and in the population density of C acnes (formerly P acnes ). (medscape.com)
  • Genetic control of sebum excretion in acne - a twin study. (bmj.com)
Benzoyl peroxide1
  • Benzoyl peroxide products are also effective against C acnes , and bacterial resistance to benzoyl peroxide has not been reported. (medscape.com)
Isotretinoin4
Cysts4
  • The two major presentations of severe acne are nodules and cysts. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Severe acne is characterized by the presence of numerous pustules and cysts (sometimes very large) as well as hardened nodules that develop deep within tissue. (dermcollective.com)
  • Cystic acne is characterized by the formation of persistent, inflamed cysts that are red and pus-filled. (dermcollective.com)
  • Acne cysts usually shrink after 12 hours to 3 days after the injection. (dermatologistsnyc.com)
Cystic acne5
Symptoms1
  • Without intervention, bacteria spreads and causes worsening symptoms, resulting in significant tissue damage and acne scars. (dermcollective.com)
Infantile2
Pustules2
  • Neonatal acne (acne occurring from birth to about 3 months) affects about 20% of healthy newborns and typically presents as small inflamed papules and pustules on the cheeks and nasal bridge. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • Severe acne of the back with many inflammatory papules and pustules. (rooksdermatology.com)
Comedone1
Nodules2
  • The presence of nodules often correlates with greater acne severity. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
  • The acne appears abruptly over the face and upper body with uniform papules and friable nodules that can coalesce, suppurate and bleed. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
Severity of the acne2
  • Often, it isn't the severity of the acne itself which is the problem, so much as the severity of the person's psychological perception of the acne, or his or her reaction to having acne. (adultacnetreatmentreviews.com)
  • The grade and severity of the acne help in determining which of the following treatments, alone or in combination, is most appropriate. (medscape.com)
Worsen acne2
Late-onset1
Form of acne1
  • Acne fulminans is a severe, eruptive form of acne that primarily occurs in teenaged boys, ages 13-16. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
Practice Essentials1
  • Fast Five Quiz: Acne Practice Essentials - Medscape - Jan 15, 2020. (medscape.com)
Affects3
  • Acne vulgaris affects approximately 80 per cent of teenagers at some stage during puberty, so the majority of teenagers have to cope with any social stigma this entails, real or perceived. (adultacnetreatmentreviews.com)
  • Acne is the most common skin disease in the US and affects 80% of the population at some point in life. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In conclusion, acne fulminans mainly affects the face and trunk of male adolescents with a history of acne vulgaris. (bvsalud.org)
Patients with and without acne1
  • Comparison of two Sebutapes demonstrating the difference between patients with and without acne. (rooksdermatology.com)
Interplay1
  • Acne arises from a complex interplay of various pathogenetic factors. (altmeyers.org)
Follicle1
  • Genome-wide meta-analysis implicates mediators of hair follicle development and morphogenesis in risk for severe acne. (bmj.com)
Sebocytes1
Androgen1
  • Acne in this age group is due to elevated androgen levels, including DHEAS resulting from an immature adrenal gland. (dermatologyadvisor.com)
Folliculitis1
Treatment of acne5
Patient's1
  • 1. Koo J. The psychosocial impact of acne: patient's perceptions. (bmj.com)
Adolescents2
Nodular acne2
Sebaceous gland1
Nodulocystic acne1
  • Prevalence of nodulocystic acne in white and Negro males. (bmj.com)
Genetic1
  • Although the main underlying cause of acne is genetic predisposition, other aggravating factors are recognized. (medscape.com)
Scars1
Epidemiology2
  • Acne vulgaris in the United States: a descriptive epidemiology. (bmj.com)
  • 14. Tan JK, Bhate K. A global perspective on the epidemiology of acne. (bmj.com)
Hormonal2
Leeds2
Bacteria4
Assessment1
Autoimmune2
  • Another theory postulates that acne fulminans may be an autoimmune complex disease because circulating immune complexes have been demonstrated in some patients with acne fulminans. (medscape.com)
  • Those also classified to be at risk of developing this form of severe acne include those who are in remission from autoimmune diseases and those exposed to halogens or hydrocarbons. (progressivehealth.com)
Antibiotic1
  • Because antibiotic resistance is a concern, topical or oral antibiotics should not be used as monotherapy in patients with acne . (medscape.com)
Mild4
  • Depending on the severity of the breakout, acne can be classified as mild , moderate or severe. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Psychiatric aspects of the treatment of mild to moderate facial acne. (globale-dermatologie.com)
  • b) Keloid scarring on the trunk associated with mild acne. (rooksdermatology.com)
  • Current consensus recommends a combination of topical retinoid and antimicrobial therapy as first-line therapy for almost all patients with mild acne. (medscape.com)
Topical1
  • Experience in the therapy of acne with topical administration of spironolactone as an antiandrogen]. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Scarring3