• We offer a comprehensive range of LiChropur ® high purity acids for HPLC and LC-MS analysis to minimize background noise and signal suppression. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Liquid chromatography generally uses small particles packed and operating at comparatively high pressure, and is denoted as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • Modern Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) methods use HPLC instrumentation, basically for sample introduction. (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography, is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify specific components in mixtures. (wikipedia.org)
  • HPLC has been used for manufacturing (e.g., during the production process of pharmaceutical and biological products), legal (e.g., detecting performance enhancement drugs in urine), research (e.g., separating the components of a complex biological sample, or of similar synthetic chemicals from each other), and medical (e.g., detecting vitamin D levels in blood serum) purposes. (wikipedia.org)
  • As mentioned, HPLC relies on pumps to pass a pressurized liquid and a sample mixture through a column filled with adsorbent, leading to the separation of the sample components. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is also desirable that there should be a minimum basis for understanding of how the device performs the data Processing to avoid incorrect data and distorted results HPLC is distinguished from traditional ("low pressure") liquid chromatography because operational pressures are significantly higher (50-~1400 bar), while ordinary liquid chromatography typically relies on the force of gravity to pass the mobile phase through the packed column. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to the small sample amount separated in analytical HPLC, typical column dimensions are 2.1-4.6 mm diameter, and 30-250 mm length. (wikipedia.org)
  • The test principle utilizes high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-APPI-MS/MS) for the quantitative detection of genistein, daidzein, equol, O-desmethylangolensin, enterodiol, and enterolactone. (cdc.gov)
  • Preparing samples by clarification is an essential step prior to nearly all analytical techniques, such as high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). (the-scientist.com)
  • The most common form of liquid chromatography in use today is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which pumps the sample mixture through the column at high pressure. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • HPLC is the form of liquid chromatography that is generally used in the pharmaceutical industry, as it can provide the precise results that are required. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • Although expected at first to be used as a complimentary method to gas chromatography, the pharmaceutical industry now almost exclusively uses HPLC as a chromatographic technique. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • 3 HPLC is especially suitable for compounds that are not easily volatilised, thermally unstable and have high molecular weights. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • These data contain information about the individual accessory pigments of phytoplankton measured by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) from two North Sea International Bottom Trawl. (data.gov.uk)
  • These data contain concentrations in micrograms per litre (ug/L) of the individual accessory pigments of phytoplankton measured by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). (data.gov.uk)
  • Various methods such as polarography, piezoelectric crystals, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with flame ionization (FID), electrochemical (EC), or ultraviolet (UV) detector, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), GC with thermal energy analyzer (TEA), FID, or ECD, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) have been investigated for detecting propylene glycol dinitrate in environmental samples. (cdc.gov)
  • PEC increases the speed of peptide development since it can be used for parallel purifications, whereas high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) only allows one-by-one processing of single samples. (bachem.com)
  • We used high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the levels of dopamine and related metabolites because dopamine is the primary neurotransmitter affected in Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
  • High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) work in the food industry forms an integral part of analytics, occupying approximately one-fifth of the daily users (1,2), and its well-earned role should receive more attention. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • The previously published alkali-alcohol extraction method, for the detection of inorganic arsenic, was adapted and the samples were measured by HPLC equipment connected to ICP-MS. Arsenobetanide was found to be the predominant form of arsenic in all cases. (matis.is)
  • On the other hand, when another chemical analysis technique (HPLC-HGAFS) was applied to a sample of certified reference material, the concentration of inorganic arsenic was three times lower. (matis.is)
  • Experts use various methods to isolate and test the compound, including high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). (thesportsbank.net)
  • The phenolic composition of the extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based on the retention times using the standard external method. (academicjournals.org)
  • The serum retinol levels were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC). (bvsalud.org)
  • The new ultra-high performance super- critical fluid chromatography method was also applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lignin-derived phenolic compounds obtained upon alkaline cupric oxide oxida- tion of a commercial humic acid. (lu.se)
  • Separated analytes were determined in LC-MS single ion monitoring mode using an atmospheric pressure ionization-electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. (erowid.org)
  • A selective, sensitive, high pressure liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of aripiprazole in human K(2)EDTA plasma using zolpidem tartrate as an internal standard. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Further strides led to the 2004 introduction of UHPLC and instruments generating pressures up to 15,000 psi. (machinedesign.com)
  • Columns packed with sub-2-μm particles operating at elevated pressure (UHPLC strategy) were selected to improve chromatographic performance. (unige.ch)
  • Firstly, a liquid-liquid extraction procedure was added prior to the UHPLC-UV analysis to decrease the complexity of the sample. (unige.ch)
  • To demonstrate the advantages and simplicity of model-assisted ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method development, the following brief study will demonstrate a real-life example for soy isoflavons. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • In 2003-2004 high performance liquid chromatography electrospry ionization mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS/MS) detection (Rybak, M. E. et al. (cdc.gov)
  • On-chip sample injection, separation, and detection of seven common anions are successfully demonstrated with a sensitivity of 1 ppm. (caltech.edu)
  • Gradient separation at a pressure of 450 psi and on-line MS detection of digested cytochrome c protein is successfully performed. (caltech.edu)
  • However, some components may have weak UV chromophores if UV detection is being used or be completely retained on the liquid chromatography column. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • The primary method of analysis for propylene glycol dinitrate and its metabolites in blood and urine is gas chromatography with electron capture detection (Litchfield 1968). (cdc.gov)
  • Examples of when chromatography is used are in pharmaceutical companies in order to find out the amount of chemicals used in each new product, hospitals for detection of sugar/blood levels and law enforcement for comparisons of samples found at a crime scene. (majortests.com)
  • Chromatography methods are used to organic and inorganic compounds such as separate proteins, nucleic acids, or small molecules in complex mixtures and others. (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • It relies on high pressure pumps, which deliver mixtures of various solvents, called the mobile phase, which flows through the system, collecting the sample mixture on the way, delivering it into a cylinder, called the column, filled with solid particles, made of adsorbent material, called the stationary phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromatography is the separation of mixtures into their components as a result of differential distribution of the solutes in order for identification, analyses, purify and/or quantity of the mixture for a mobile medium and for a stationary absorbing medium. (majortests.com)
  • This separation takes place based on the interactions of the sample with the mobile and stationary phases. (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • Each component in the sample interacts slightly different with the adsorbent material, causing different migration rate for the each component, leading to their separation, as they flow out of the column into a specific detector. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its composition and temperature play a major role in the separation process by influencing the interactions taking place between sample components and adsorbent. (wikipedia.org)
  • The solvents are prepared in advance according to the needs of the separation, they pass through the degasser to remove dissolved gasses, mixed to become the mobile phase, then flow through the sampler, which brings the sample mixture into the mobile phase stream, which then carries it into the column. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1 The separation occurs when the sample interacts with the mobile (liquid) and stationary phases (column). (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • Therefore, efficient and high throughput analytical methods have been developed for the separation of seven predominant polyphenols, also known as catechin derivatives, present in tea extracts. (unige.ch)
  • When dealing with real samples such as tea extracts, however, longer columns of up to 150 mm in length were employed to enhance the separation of catechin derivatives and other constituents within the tea samples while maintaining an acceptable analysis time. (unige.ch)
  • Separation of dried liquid samples with a liquid solvent and a glass plate covered with a thin layer of silica gel. (majortests.com)
  • What is the basic principle for separation in normal phase, reversed phase, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography? (majortests.com)
  • The high separation power and short analysis time obtained demonstrate for the first time that supercritical fluid chromatography is a fast and reliable technique for the analysis of lignin-derived phenols in complex environmental samples. (lu.se)
  • This involves a sample being vaporised and injected onto the head chromatographic column. (majortests.com)
  • However, current proteomics workflows entail several manual sample preparation steps and are challenged by the microscopic mass-limited samples generated by LCM, impacting measurement robustness, quantification and throughput. (nih.gov)
  • Sample preparation involved a solid-phase extraction procedure at pH 6 of both non-hydrolyzed and enzymatically hydrolyzed urine samples. (erowid.org)
  • A disadvantage of this method is that sample preparation is time consuming, taking 2-3 hours. (cdc.gov)
  • However, a more rapid GC method enables sample preparation to be completed within 5 minutes (Erk et al. (cdc.gov)
  • The components of the sample mixture are separated from each other due to their different degrees of interaction with the adsorbent particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • This filtration step to eliminate particles is crucial for maintaining the integrity of chromatography columns and for maximizing their operating life time. (the-scientist.com)
  • For example, 1/16 inch systems benefit from a significantly reduced pressure increase during switching. (knauer.net)
  • The frequency of TNF-alpha/-857T and optineurin/412A carriers was significantly higher (P = 0.006) in patients with POAG than in control subjects. (nih.gov)
  • In the second year, there was no difference in yield between early or late harvesting but all the parameters considered in the study were significantly higher in first harvest than in the second harvest. (auburn.edu)
  • Chromatography can be described as a mass transfer process involving adsorption and/or partition. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2008) was utilized and in 2005-2006 high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was utilized. (cdc.gov)
  • The samples were first decomposed by microwave and then measured on an ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). To evaluate the chemical forms of arsenic present in the flour, a three-part distribution method was first developed. (matis.is)
  • Data on body mass index, waist circumference, resting blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total:HDL cholesterol ratio, blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were obtained from annual health examinations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Higher pressures improve sample resolution and throughput rate in liquidchromatograpy pumps. (machinedesign.com)
  • For the past three decades, there has been a steady increase in the demand for liquid-chromatography (LC) pumps that can handle higher pressures. (machinedesign.com)
  • During the pandemic, high-performance, liquid chromatography techniques became a reliable component for developing life-saving vaccines and other disease-detecting systems. (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • Until recently engineers, working with seal suppliers, have been able to satisfy these requirements, and the increasing pressures have led to instrument and performance improvements of nearly 1,900% since the mid- 1970s. (machinedesign.com)
  • There's a fine line between conditions for best sealing and the plunger performance needed to build cylinder pressure. (machinedesign.com)
  • Two of my other colleagues immediately echoed her en- thusiasm over your performance. (patentlyo.com)
  • The gene was screened for mutations by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. (nih.gov)
  • Eleven fractions of IC 70 BA isomers were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • The electrochemical properties and the organic solar cell device performance were investigated for fractions where a reasonable quantity of sample could be isolated. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Alkaline cupric oxide (CuO) oxidation is one of the mostly performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) adopted methods for analyzing lignin in various complex using columns with sub-2 m packing can further improve environmental matrices such as soils and sediments [9]. (lu.se)
  • UHPSFC , ultra- pacted by other parameters, such as the addition of the mod- high performance supercritical fluid chromatography ifier and the change of the mobile phase density [20]. (lu.se)
  • Users say higher pressures improve sample resolution and throughput rates, while manufacturers are keen to launch morecompetitive, cutting-edge devices. (machinedesign.com)
  • High throughput qualitative analy. (unige.ch)
  • The combinations are categorized with more than one name and the names focus on many different aspects of liquid chromatography methods. (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • In the MEC, these methods include performing blind split samples collected on "dry run" sessions. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting and/or measuring and monitoring Otto Fuel II and its components in environmental media and in biological samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Experts typically prefer extraction methods that are known to be safe, and efficient, and produce high-quality one. (thesportsbank.net)
  • These methods include CO2 extraction, distillation, and chromatography. (thesportsbank.net)
  • METHODS: Serum samples of 42 people, half male and half female, were randomly selected in each point, from the 302 monitoring sites of Chinese adult chronic diseases and nutrition surveillance in 2015. (bvsalud.org)
  • Within the deficiency cat- abolic disorder which is a major health University of Medical Sciences were egory serum levels of 25(OH)D were problem in many countries in the world selected via random sampling methods. (who.int)
  • The method has been used to establish that Salvinorin B is the principal metabolite of Salvinorin A ex vivo and to establish the analytical method to study in vivo samples. (erowid.org)
  • NIOSH Analytical Method Pentachlorophenol Sampling Data Sheet No. S297. (cdc.gov)
  • The detector generates a signal proportional to the amount of sample component emerging from the column, hence allowing for quantitative analysis of the sample components. (wikipedia.org)
  • it was quality controlled and passed the quantitative testing by high pressure liquid chromatography in January 2014 (National Institute of Drug Quality Control, Vietnam). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to the blood pressure criteria, proteinuria of greater than or equal to 0.3 grams in a 24-hour urine specimen, a protein (mg/dL)/creatinine (mg/dL) ratio of 0.3 or higher, or a urine dipstick protein of 1+ (if a quantitative measurement is unavailable) is required to diagnose preeclampsia. (medscape.com)
  • Our range of Suprapur ® and Ultrapur ® products are designed to accommodate your need to buy high purity acids for inorganic trace and ultratrace analysis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • We offer tailored range of high purity acids to satisfy the demand for sensitive instrumental techniques (ICP-OES, ICP-MS, AAS, etc. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Recording information on other compounds present in the sampled air is recommended. (cdc.gov)
  • The assay was tested on urine samples from consumers of compounds under investigation (n=32). (erowid.org)
  • Higher analytes concentrations in hydrolyzed samples showed the presence of conjugated compounds in urine. (erowid.org)
  • The greater efficiency of leaves can be attributed to their high percentage of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. (academicjournals.org)
  • Ten out of the previous eleven model compounds could be quantified in the oxidized humic acid sample. (lu.se)
  • The manually operated Claristep® filtration system consisting of a station and filter units offers a novel way for clarifying your samples prior to analysis. (the-scientist.com)
  • This unexpected result may be due in part to the way the samples were handled or stored prior to our receiving the samples for analysis. (michaeljfox.org)
  • The method for Salvinorin A has been fully validated, the LLOQ using FDA guidelines is 2 ng/mL for 0.5 mL plasma samples. (erowid.org)
  • This method has been shown to be valid over the range of 0.2654 to 1.131mg/cu meter at 24 degrees-C and pressure of 761mm Hg (7439976). (cdc.gov)
  • The CO2 extraction method, in particular, is increasingly popular because it allows for careful control of temperature and pressure, leading to a final product that retains the maximum amount of cannabinoids. (thesportsbank.net)
  • Choosing the proper extraction method is essential in producing high-quality Delta 8 for experts to use and recommend. (thesportsbank.net)
  • These extracts showed a high antioxidant capacity by the method of DPPH, -carotene, and nitric oxide. (bvsalud.org)
  • Because propylene glycol dinitrate is rapidly broken down in blood to the corresponding mononitrates and inorganic nitrates, extraction from the blood should be carried out immediately after the sample is drawn (Litchfield 1968). (cdc.gov)
  • Inorganic arsenic was found to be less than four percent of the total concentration in twelve measured fishmeal samples. (matis.is)
  • The valve type usually used for this task is a 6-port 2-position valve (also referred to as 6-port 3-channel valve) such as our AZURA V 4.1 Ultra High Pressure Valve . (knauer.net)
  • The objective of this project is to analyze some of these frozen pre-clinical model brain tissue samples to determine whether mutations causally linked to inherited forms of PD cause biochemical or neurochemical abnormalities in the brains of models bearing mutations in the same genes. (michaeljfox.org)
  • Irrespective of the interactions that are being brought, liquid column chromatography is taken up in six steps: Column equilibration, Sample loading, Washing, Elution, Final column washing and Column regeneration. (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • An integrated ion liquid chromatography chip is demonstrated, which has on-chip column, filters, injection structure, and conductivity detector. (caltech.edu)
  • The capacity of the column, which is 6.5 cm long and packed with 5 µm C18 silica beads, is the highest of all the devices in the thesis. (caltech.edu)
  • Chromatography was performed on a C(18) reversed-phase column using a linear gradient of 10mM ammonium bicarbonate, pH 7.3 and acetonitrile as a mobile phase. (erowid.org)
  • a component with a higher affinity for the stationary phase will migrate down the column slower than a component which has more affinity for the mobile phase. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • Valves for eluent selection, sample injection, column selection and more. (knauer.net)
  • The sample is transported through the column by the flow of inert, gaseous mobile phase. (majortests.com)
  • The column itself contains a liquid stationary phase which is absorbed onto the surface of an inert solid. (majortests.com)
  • This does not allow the solvent to drip through the column due to gravity as the solvent is forced through under high pressures. (majortests.com)
  • Evaluation of a suspected hemoglobinopathy should include electrophoresis of a hemolysate to detect abnormal hemoglobins and quantification of HbA 2 and HbF with column chromatography. (medscape.com)
  • The consumption of diets high in phytoestrogen-rich foods has been associated with lower rates of hormone-dependent cancers (Peeters et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Increasing adoption of liquid chromatography-based systems and instruments in research laboratories. (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • In October 1993, postmortem samples of frozen liver tissue, blood, and gastric contents from the man were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography for cicutoxin, a poisonous substance in water hemlock. (cdc.gov)
  • The OPTN gene was analyzed in blood samples from 629 Japanese subjects. (nih.gov)
  • Blood was sampled for ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels. (bmj.com)
  • A total of 464 children contributed blood samples collected at age 7 years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exposure to perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFASs) is associated with immune suppression in animal models, and serum concentrations of specific antibodies against certain childhood vaccines tend to decrease at higher exposures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PFAS concentrations and concentrations of antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus were assessed in serum at age 7 years, and results were available from samples collected at age 5. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These associations were reported at serum concentrations similar to, or somewhat higher, than those widely occurring in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, MEHP and perhaps 2-EHA and other di-carboxylic acid concentrations in the body were higher in mice or rats than marmosets when the same dose of DEHP was administered (Ito et al. (who.int)
  • To guarantee that goods pass certain standards, researchers, manufacturers and developers use various technical equipment and analytical techniques , including liquid chromatography, during the development process. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • Experts use sophisticated equipment and various analytical techniques to test the samples. (thesportsbank.net)
  • Integrated liquid chromatography (LC) chips are valued because of their significant advantages over conventional systems. (caltech.edu)
  • Digested peptides from clinical samples were processed by PRISM (high pressure and high resolution separations coupled with intelligent selection and multiplexing), which incorporates high pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) separations to fractionate and select target fractions for follow-on LC-selected reaction monitoring (LC-SRM) analyses. (nih.gov)
  • The contact time of the samples with the filters and the caps is extremely short, ensuring optimal, contamination-free results. (the-scientist.com)
  • At the same time, the chromatography data system receives a signal about the switching. (knauer.net)
  • The associations between the genotypes and age, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual field defects at the time of diagnosis were examined. (nih.gov)
  • Normal and Reversed Phase Chromatography What is the relationship between polarity of the mobile phase vs. elution time and resolution in normal phase and reversed phase chromatography? (majortests.com)
  • Engineering, Lund University in environmental samples are generally time consuming. (lu.se)
  • However, the exposure assessment relied on a single serum sample obtained at age 5. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RESULTS: A total of 2571 serum samples were detected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Due to the high-pressure nature of LC operations, a complete LC chip must be able to both withstand and generate high pressures on-chip. (caltech.edu)
  • The reciprocating pistons that generate this pressure in an LC pump can also see some pretty rough treatment. (machinedesign.com)
  • Although this grain contains adequate tryptophan, it also contains high levels of leucine, another amino acid that interferes with the enzymatic conversion of tryptophan to niacin. (medscape.com)
  • Testing for potency levels helps experts make informed decisions, ensuring they choose high-quality products for their clients. (thesportsbank.net)
  • marmosets: rodents had higher levels with greater affinity than marmosets. (who.int)
  • CE suffers from a poor high resistance to biological and chemical degradations [4-6]. (lu.se)
  • Health Concerns is dedicated to promoting the benefits of herbal therapies by providing the highest quality herbal products available today. (healthconcerns.com)
  • Seafood naturally contains a high concentration of the total arsenic compared to, for example, agricultural products. (matis.is)
  • Seafood products have naturally high concentration of total arsenic compared to eg agricultural produce. (matis.is)
  • This rigorous testing ensures that only the highest quality products make it to market, making it easier for consumers to find a reliable source for this promising cannabinoid. (thesportsbank.net)
  • For maximum safety in your lab operations, we have developed innovative packaging solutions like our Safebreak bottle, a PE-coated glass bottle, and the SafetyCap for reagents generating excess pressure in the bottle. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The injection of samples into the system is the most common application of switching valves. (knauer.net)
  • Whether operated manually by a lever or automated by an electric actuator, the valve in the injection position directs the fluid flow through a sample loop previously filled in the loading position. (knauer.net)
  • After this injection of the sample or completion of the chromatography run, the valve is switched back to the loading position and the sample loop can be filled with sample again. (knauer.net)
  • Human urine samples are processed using enzymatic deconjugation of the glucuronidated phytoestrogens followed by size-exclusion filtration. (cdc.gov)
  • Data on collecting pentachlorophenol (87865) from air samples is given. (cdc.gov)
  • Apatite Fission Track (AFT) single grain count and horizontal confined track length data acquired from 6 sandstones samples from UKGEOS Glasgow borehole GGC01 drilled in the Dalmarnock area of. (data.gov.uk)
  • Specific sample weights for this subsample are included in this data file and should be used when analyzing these data. (cdc.gov)
  • In fact, the chemical conversion of syngas to fuel-ethanol, butanol, acetic or butyric acid at high temperatures and elevated pressure has been applied for many years ( Ail and Dasappa, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • o Two aspects of HHANES, especially, should be taken into account when conducting any analyses: the sample weights and the complex survey design. (cdc.gov)
  • The HEC is much higher than recently reduced fetal/pup body weights have been identified as the developed internationally recognized OELs for NMP of 10-20 most sensitive end points (OECD, 2007). (cdc.gov)
  • In recent studies, the solar cell devices achieved power conversion efficiency as high as 7.5% for IC 60 BA [5] and 7.4% for IC 70 BA [6] . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • P. O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden with high efficiency. (lu.se)