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Saccule and UtricleAcoustic MaculaeHair Cells, VestibularEar, InnerOtolithic MembraneVestibule, LabyrinthVestibular Evoked Myogenic PotentialsBiomechanical PhenomenaScoliosisHair Cells, AuditoryVestibular NerveGaitKyphosisPeptidoglycanRana catesbeianaRange of Motion, ArticularKnee JointThoracic VertebraeTacrineWeight-BearingNeomycinSpinal CurvaturesStereociliaPostureSpineLabyrinth DiseasesLordosisTorsoSpinal FusionPostural BalanceCochleaSemicircular CanalsLumbar VertebraeLabyrinth Supporting CellsPelvisAnkle JointEndolymphAnterior Cruciate LigamentHemospermiaMovementThiamine PyrophosphataseImaging, Three-DimensionalBone ScrewsTranscription Factor Brn-3CBatrachoidiformesKneeModels, AnatomicHair Cells, Auditory, InnerTorqueGoldfishTibiaTemporal BoneOrthopedic Fixation DevicesJoint InstabilityMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningHip JointInternal FixatorsRotationGait Disorders, NeurologicOrthotic DevicesCervical VertebraeWalkingHipDiaminopimelic AcidMagnetic Resonance ImagingGravitationOrgan Culture TechniquesBracesOrthopedic ProceduresHearingPelvic BonesLigaments, ArticularKnee InjuriesFluoroscopySurgery, Computer-AssistedTurtlesCephalometryMicroscopy, ElectronRegenerationOsteotomySacrumPimelic AcidsMice, Inbred CBACell WallFootTime FactorsGolgi ApparatusNootropic AgentsDissectionImage Processing, Computer-AssistedFemurEpitheliumMeniere DiseaseVestibulocochlear NerveLumbosacral RegionReproducibility of ResultsAnkleCadaverAPUD CellsElectromyography

Endolymphatic ductMaculaeCanalsSensoryVestibularAnteriorMidlineOtolith organsMaculaPosteriorLateralCanalClinicalHair cells

Endolymphatic duct1

• The utricle communicates with the saccule through the utriculosaccular duct from which the endolymphatic duct arises. (lecturio.com)

Maculae2

• The vestibular sensory epithelium is located on the maculae of the saccule and utricle and the cristae of the semicircular canals. (medscape.com)
• The utricle and saccule have sensory areas (acoustic maculae) which are innervated by the vestibular nerve. (lecturio.com)

Canals10

• The vestibular system , which is the system of balance, consists of 5 distinct end organs: 3 semicircular canals that are sensitive to angular accelerations (head rotations) and 2 otolith organs that are sensitive to linear (or straight-line) accelerations. (medscape.com)
• The canals are organized into functional pairs, wherein both members of the pair lie in the same plane. (medscape.com)
• The peripheral vestibular apparatus consists of the saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals. (medscape.com)
• the posterior and the superior semicircular canals share one opening at the crus commune. (medscape.com)
• The 3 semicircular canals are small, ringlike structures: lateral or horizontal, superior or anterior, and posterior or inferior. (medscape.com)
• They are oriented at right angles to each other and are situated so that the superior and posterior canals are at 45° angles to the sagittal plane and the horizontal canal is 30° to the axial plane. (medscape.com)
• All canals merge into the utricle. (medscape.com)
• Semicircular canals Semicircular canals Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. (lecturio.com)
• The semicircular canals have five openings into the vestibule with one shared by the anterior and the posterior canals. (lecturio.com)
• Within the canals are the semicircular ducts. (lecturio.com)

Sensory1

• The saccular macula is an elliptical thickened area of sensory epithelium that lies on the anterior vertical wall of the saccule. (medscape.com)

Vestibular2

• It consists of an anterior chamber and the cochlear duct, which subserves hearing and connects by way of the round saccule with the peripheral vestibular apparatus. (medscape.com)
• Utricle Utricle A membranous sac within the vestibular labyrinth of the inner ear. (lecturio.com)

Anterior1

• The macula of the utricle lies mainly in the horizontal plane and is located in the utricular recess, which is the dilated anterior portion of the utricle. (medscape.com)

Midline1

• The eyes move into the frontal plane closer to the midline and nearly attain their definitive position. (ehd.org)

Otolith organs1

• The otolith organs include the utricle and the saccule. (medscape.com)

Macula2

• The saccular macula is an elliptical thickened area of sensory epithelium that lies on the anterior vertical wall of the saccule. (medscape.com)
• The macula of the utricle lies mainly in the horizontal plane and is located in the utricular recess, which is the dilated anterior portion of the utricle. (medscape.com)

Posterior1

• We described for the first time a spontaneous horizontal semicircular canalith jam associated with a typical canalolithiasis involving contralateral posterior semicircular canal (PSC), illustrating how the latter condition modified direction-fixed nystagmus during head movements. (ejao.org)

Lateral1

• it passes superior to the oval window and inferior to the lateral semicircular canal . (cloudfront.net)

Canal3

• Furthermore, each canal is maximally sensitive to rotations that lie in the plane of the canal. (medscape.com)
• Each canal is maximally responsive to angular motion in the plane in which it is situated and is paired with a canal on the contralateral side so that stimuli that are excitatory to one are inhibitory to the other. (medscape.com)
• Anatomic features facilitate semicircular canal (angular velocity) prosthetics but inhibit approaches with the otolith (linear acceleration) organs, and canal VIs that sense angular head velocity can generate compensatory eye velocity responses in vestibulopathic subjects. (jneurosci.org)

Clinical1

• Primary clinical findings were consistent with a left horizontal semicircular canalith jam, inducing a persistent utriculofugal cupular displacement, combined with a typical right-sided PSC-canalolithiasis. (ejao.org)

Hair cells2

• We conditionally knocked out ß-catenin, a canonical Wnt signaling core protein, and found that the cilia orientation of hair cells was disordered with reduced number of hair cells in the utricle. (bvsalud.org)
• In conclusion, our results not only confirm that the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling affects the number of hair cells in the utricle but also provide evidence for its role in polarity development. (bvsalud.org)