Role regulate lymphocytes cell proliferation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
In these cells, IL-21 does not promote proliferation but enhances apoptosis and chemotaxis. (intechopen.com)
As a consequence, any modulations of the target transcript expression, miRNAs can affect various signalling pathways and cellular process such as apoptosis, proliferation or differentiation. (ukessays.com)
Recently, BEX2 was found to be localized in cytosol and/or mitochondria and regulate apoptosis in cancer cells and tumor growth. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we report that crotonylated BEX2 plays an important role in inhibiting chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis via enhancing mitophagy in human lung cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, inhibition of BEX2-regulated mitophagy sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, BEX2 promotes tumor growth and inhibits apoptosis by regulating mitophagy in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of gga-miR-155 on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness of an MDV-transformed lymphocyte line MSB1 and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
While overexpression of gga-miR-155 increased proliferation, decreased the proportion of G1 phase cells relative to that in S and G2 phases, reduced apoptosis rates and increased invasiveness. (biomedcentral.com)
The gga-miR-155 promotes the proliferation and invasiveness of the MDV-transformed lymphocyte line MSB1 and inhibits apoptosis by targeting the RORA gene. (biomedcentral.com)
To this end, we overexpressed and inhibited gga-miR-155 in an MDV-transformed cell line using mimics and inhibitors respectively, and analyzed their growth, proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness to explore the possible role of gga-miR-155 in MDV-mediated tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we predicted and demonstrated that Retinoid Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORA) is one of the targets of gga-miR-155, and the gga-miR-155 regulated the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and invasiveness of MSB1 cells by targeting RORA. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous studies indicated that endotoxins usually caused intestinal mucosa inflammation and destruction of tight junction integrity and epithelial cell apoptosis [ 4 ], which subsequently led to disruption of intestinal homeostasis and damage of the intestinal barrier functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Further work will determine whether HSPA9 loss contributes to the reduction in B-cell progenitors and increased B-cell apoptosis observed in patients with MDS. (wustl.edu)
4) Regulate cell apoptosis, thereby maintaining control of the immune response. (nmn-bio.com)
BACKGROUND: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta isoform (PI3Kδ) belongs to an intracellular lipid kinase family that regulate lymphocyte metabolism, survival, proliferation, apoptosis and migration and has been successfully targeted in B-cell malignancies. (ox.ac.uk)
TRIM13 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by regulating NF-κB pathway in non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
TRIM13-induced NSCLC cell apoptosis was attenuated by a caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO, suggesting that TRIM13 induced cell apoptosis partially through a caspase-3-dependent pathway. (cancerindex.org)
Studies have found that miRNA can affect a variety of biological effects, such as DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, cell hypoxia, proliferation and apoptosis, etc. (researchsquare.com)
It has complex functions and can inhibit cell apoptosis, promote cell transformation, participate in cell mitosis, angiogenesis, and cause tumor cells to develop drug resistance [ 7 , 8 ] . (researchsquare.com)

Cytokines are cell signaling molecules that can enhance the immune response. (wikipedia.org)
The disturbance of the function of Kv1.3-channels, for example due to inhibition of these channels, will lower the cytokines production and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
The proinflammatory T cells secrete inflammatory cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17, which affect keratinocytes and other leukocytes that forms an amplified immune response. (nature.com)
Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
Enhances dendritic cell immunogenicity by affecting dendritic cell costimulatory molecule expression and cytokines and chemokines secretion (By similarity). (qedbio.com)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
Cytokines are important in asthma and play a critical role in orchestrating the allergic inflammatory response, although the precise role of each cytokine remains to be determined. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
The potential therapeutic applications emerging from the roles of these cytokines will be discussed as well. (cdc.gov)
Pathophysiologically, asthma exert different effects at different concentrations, can is characterized by constriction of airway smooth synergize or antagonize the effects of other cytokines muscle, hyper secretion of mucus, edema and airway and regulated in a complex manner and function via hyper responsiveness (AHR),[3] mucus secretion and cytokine cascade. (cdc.gov)
DNA damage assessment and cell cycle analysis revealed differences in the modes of cell death between asbestos and respective CF. There was an increase in chemokines, but not pro-inflammatory cytokines after all EMP treatments. (cdc.gov)

Several studies have shown that adipocytes highly express CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and stimulates the activation of iNKT cells ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Regulatory T cells prevent autoimmunity by dampening excessive immune responses and promoting tolerance of self-antigens. (tcu.edu)
The field of Lymphocyte Surface Antigens and Activation Mechanisms is examined in two chapters. (scielo.br)
Sixty percent of cases express 1 or more T-cell antigens (CD3 + , CD43, or CD45RO). (medscape.com)

Kv channels are regulated during proliferation and regulation of macrophages and their activity is important during cell responses. (wikipedia.org)
1) The regulation of these protein levels is vital for the understanding of the cell cycle control and its dysregulation. (ukessays.com)
1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR - 16 - 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest at the G 1 - phase by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (ukessays.com)
Exosomes play a key role in the regulation of these communication processes. (infusio.org)
Involvement of the MEKK1 signaling pathway in the regulation of epicardial cell behavior by hyaluronan. (southernbiotech.com)
Size-dependent regulation of Snail2 by hyaluronan: Its role in cellular invasion. (southernbiotech.com)
Since there have been many reports on the regulation of metabolic diseases through adaptive immunity ( 9 - 11 ), we focus on how adipocytes regulate adaptive immunity in this review. (frontiersin.org)
In addition to its roles in the regulation of inflammatory diseases and the maintenance of local immune cells, CCL5 expressed by cancer cells plays diverse roles in shaping cancer microenvironments toward their own survival. (nature.com)
The complement system, interacting with its regulatory molecules and cellular receptors, plays a central role in the induction and regulation of immunity. (medscape.com)

Cell-based therapy using systemic infusion of GMSC in experimental colitis significantly ameliorated both clinical and histopathological severity of the colonic inflammation, restored the injured gastrointestinal mucosal tissues, reversed diarrhea and weight loss, and suppressed the overall disease activity in mice. (ca.gov)
Mice primed with either ovalbumin or methylated BSA also showed enhanced antigen-specific immune response of both T and B cells, an immunological abnormality that exacerbated antigen-induced arthritis. (jci.org)
We investigated the protective potential of PD-L1 on autoimmune diabetes by transgenically overexpressing PD-L1 in pancreatic β-cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
NOD/SCID mice that received lymphocytes from transgenic mice became diabetic at a slower rate than mice receiving control lymphocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Moreover, lymphocytes collected from recipients transferred by lymphocytes from transgenic mice revealed less proliferative potential than lymphocytes obtained from control recipients. (diabetesjournals.org)
CONCLUSIONS -Our results demonstrate the protective potential of transgenic PD-L1 in autoimmune diabetes and illustrate its role in downregulating diabetogenic T-cells in NOD mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
11 The regulatory effect of MSCs on T cells has also been demonstrated in mice models of autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and sjogren syndrome (SS). (nature.com)
Y510 efficiently mediated IL-21-induced phosphorylation of Stat1 and Stat3, but not of Stat5, and CD8(+) T cells from Stat1/Stat3 double knock-out mice exhibited decreased proliferation in response to IL-21 + IL-15. (nih.gov)
In this study, we explored the role of a novel antibacterial peptide Bombyx mori gloverin A2 (BMGlvA2) in alleviating ETEC-induced inflammation and intestinal epithelium disruption in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
However, as early as 2 months of age, Hspa9+/- mice have a significant reduction in CFU-PreB colony formation in vitro, indicating a B-cell progenitor defect. (wustl.edu)
This reduction in colony formation is hematopoietic-cell intrinsic and likely due to a functional B-cell progenitor defect, since B-cell progenitor frequencies in Hspa9+/- mice are normal. (wustl.edu)
On the contrary, recent studies using CCL5 knockout mice showed that the total absence of host CCL5 exhibits increased antitumor immunity in breast cancer models, proposing a unique procancer role of host CCL5 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
In vivo blockade of PI3Kδ activity with seletalisib, a PI3Kδ-selective inhibitor, in a murine model of focal sialoadenitis decreased accumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells within the glands of treated mice in the prophylactic and therapeutic regimes. (ox.ac.uk)
Mice with C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of Treg and Th17 cells. (medscape.com)

GMSC can function as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory component of the immune system in vivo and is a promising cell source for cell-based treatment in experimental inflammatory diseases. (ca.gov)
PPARγ is also known to regulate inflammatory responses. (jci.org)
Psoriasis has wide clinical spectra that range from epidermal (scaly) to vascular (thickened) erythematous involvement associated with epidermal hyperproliferation, abnormal keratinocyte differentiation, angiogenesis with blood vessel dilation, and the presence of inflammatory cells in the superficial dermis and epidermis. (hindawi.com)
Many Lyme patients often have dysfunction of the mast cells, increasing their inflammatory response. (infusio.org)
Thus, we discuss the role of adipocytes in adaptive immunity in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterised by exocrine gland lymphocytic infiltration and B-cell hyperactivation which results in systemic manifestations, autoantibody production and loss of glandular function. (ox.ac.uk)

We will then examine how tumor cells create a toxic milieu for T cells that enter the TME. (elifesciences.org)
ALCL was recognized in 1985, when tumor cells consistently demonstrated labeling by the monoclonal antibody Ki-1, a marker later shown to recognize the CD30 antigen. (medscape.com)

DNA replication is the primary event that regulates cellular and viral proliferation. (nih.gov)
Science has shown that the cell-to cell communication is important in maintaining a healthy cellular terrain. (infusio.org)
The adaptive immune response consists of T cell-mediated cellular immunity and B cell-mediated humoral immunity. (frontiersin.org)
There are two main mechanisms in the adaptive immune system-humoral immunity and cellular immunity, which are mediated by antibodies and cells respectively. (frontiersin.org)
T cells play a large role in the cellular immune response, while B cells are intimately involved in the humoral immune response. (frontiersin.org)
Thymic epithelial reticular cells (TERCs) are stellate-shaped cells that contribute to the cytoreticulum, a cellular network that provides structural support for lymphocytes in the thymus. (0nol.com)
They have a wide cellular and tissue distribution, and play a major role in the mediation of biological responses. (medscape.com)

We sought to identify whether TTC7A mutations dysregulate epithelial cells only or whether a cell-intrinsic defect in lymphocytes or other cells contributes to disease manifestations. (nih.gov)
The corneal epithelium is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells on the outer surface of the eye, which acts as a protective barrier and is critical for clear and stable vision. (wjgnet.com)
In CaCo-2 colonic epithelial cells, the expression of this gene increases with cell differentiation. (aacrjournals.org)
Cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) are found in the outer region of the thymic cortex, while medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) are located within the inner thymic medulla. (0nol.com)
Consequently, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) present an appealing target for cell therapies aimed at restoring efficient immune system function. (0nol.com)
The pathways and molecular regulators that govern the development of thymic epithelial cells are becoming more evident, along with their impacts on specific phases of T cell development. (0nol.com)
In this study, we aimed to assess the neoplastic-like transformation potential of two forms of CNC derived from wood (powder and gel) in human pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in comparison to fibrous tremolite (TF), known to induce lung cancer. (cdc.gov)

Kv1.3-channels can be found in various cells, including T-lymphocytes and macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
Kv1.3-channels are important for the activation of T-lymphocytes, and thus for the activation of macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
These heterotetramers plays a role in regulating the membrane potential of macrophages on different stages of macrophage activation by lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is an immunoreceptor of the CD28/CTLA-4 family whose expression is induced in activated T- and B-cells and in macrophages ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
CD44 represents a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on many cell types such as B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and variable subsets of thymocytes and peripheral T cells. (southernbiotech.com)
Lipopeptides act as immunomodulators by interacting with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), expressed on antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) to activate immune functions [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the first responders to inhaled particulates, participating in clearance and activating other resident and recruited immunocompetent cells, impacting the long-term outcomes. (cdc.gov)

It is not known whether the proteins that affect cell polarity also affect cell fate and how membrane polarity information may be transmitted to the nucleus. (bath.ac.uk)
Lymph accumulates in the tiny spaces between tissue cells and contains proteins, fats, and certain white blood cells known as lymphocytes. (rarediseases.org)
T he presence and activity of various proteins are required in the cell cycle progression. (ukessays.com)
They act as shuttles for certain genetic information and proteins to other cells. (infusio.org)
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, or small bubbles, released from cells that act as shuttles for genetic information, proteins and messenger RNA to other cells. (infusio.org)
Exosomes from stem cells contain valuable cell information consisting of proteins and genetic information the cell needs to function correctly. (infusio.org)
Consistent with the role of STAT5 proteins in regulating IL-3-mediated mitogenic signals, we herein report that, in hIL-3-stimulated HUVEC, the recruitment of STAT5A and STAT5B, by the beta common (betac) subunit of the IL-3R, was not affected by PAF receptor blockade. (unito.it)
In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
Like other Ly6/uPAR-related proteins, SLURP-1 folds into a particular shape and is thought to attach (bind) to other proteins called receptors to carry out signaling within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Tripartite Motif Containing 13 (TRIM13), a member of TRIM proteins, is deleted in multiple tumor types, especially in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)
The blood circulating miRNA is mainly derived from a type of exosomes containing a variety of proteins and miRNAs that can be passed between cells and endocytic vesicles. (researchsquare.com)

Furthermore, we found that OMSCs are distinct from long bone MSCs with respect to regulating T-lymphocyte survival and proliferation. (ca.gov)
Complex karyotype in mantle cell lymphoma is a strong prognostic factor for the time to treatment and overall survival, independent of the MCL international prognostic index. (bloodjournal.ru)
The mantle cell lymphoma international prognostic index (MIPI) is superior to the international prognostic index (IPI) in predicting survival following intensive first-line immunochemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). (bloodjournal.ru)
Neural factors are a class of protein molecules with neurotrophic activity that can promote the survival and regeneration of nerve cells. (acrobiosystems.com)
In the skin, nAChRs regulate the activity of genes involved in the growth and division (proliferation), maturation (differentiation), and survival of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers speculate that without SLURP-1, the activity of genes controlled by nAChR signaling is altered, leading to overgrowth of skin cells or survival of cells that normally would have died. (medlineplus.gov)

Lipid metabolism in the epidermis may be regulated by the expression of apolipoprotein E (APOE), a glycoprotein which is synthesized in a wide variety of extrahepatic tissues including skin [ 27 - 29 ]. (hindawi.com)
The TME, however, can be metabolically hostile due to insufficient vascular exchange and cancer cell metabolism that leads to hypoxia, depletion of nutrients, and accumulation of waste products. (elifesciences.org)
Further, inhibitory receptors present in the TME can inhibit T cell metabolism and alter T cell signaling both directly and through release of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. (elifesciences.org)
This review will discuss the metabolic changes that drive T cells into different stages of their development and how the TME imposes barriers to the metabolism and activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. (elifesciences.org)
As T cell metabolism dictates effector function, it is now apparent that the effect of cancer cell metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impair anti-tumor immunity, and these new hallmarks of cancer are therefore inextricably linked. (elifesciences.org)
Expanded understanding of the basic biology of T cell activation has enabled immunotherapy to combat cancer, and T cell metabolism now offers the opportunity to optimize and improve these therapeutic strategies. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, we will provide an overview of how utilizing an understanding of T cell metabolism may inform strategies to alter the TME or enhance T cell metabolism to strengthen the immunotherapy arsenal. (elifesciences.org)
Plays an important role in purine metabolism and in adenosine homeostasis. (qedbio.com)

GSDME and EGFR siRNAs or overexpression plasmids were used to characterize the functional role of GSDME and EGFR in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: GSDME depletion reduced the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
In previous studies, secondary metabolites of B. subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) were found to be highly effective as a broad-spectrum antibacterial in vitro and could act as an elicitor to regulate systemic resistance in plants by inducing the immune response of plants [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this chapter, we will focus on IL-21's biological effects and signaling pathways as well as discuss the potential implications and applications of IL-21 in leukemia cells. (intechopen.com)
In addition, IL-21 weakly induced phosphorylation of Shc and Akt, and consistent with this, specific inhibitors of the MAPK and PI3K pathways inhibited IL-21-mediated proliferation. (nih.gov)
Gene expression array analysis revealed a reduction in gene expression pathways associated with proliferation and activation of B-lymphocytes. (wustl.edu)
Gene expression analysis of hematopoietic progenitor cells from MDS patients also identified B-cell signaling pathways as the most down-regulated pathways. (wustl.edu)
T cells must substantially increase nutrient uptake to mount a proper immune response and failure to obtain sufficient nutrients or engage the appropriate metabolic pathways can alter or prevent effector T cell differentiation and function. (elifesciences.org)
The pathways and molecular mechanisms that regulate thymic epithelial cell development are becoming more apparent, along with their effects on specific stages of T cell development. (0nol.com)

Here, we found that DIRAS3 suppressed the migration of NSCLC cells. (bvsalud.org)
Muscle CD31(-) CD45(-) side population cells promote muscle regeneration by stimulating proliferation and migration of myoblasts. (southernbiotech.com)
Likewise, they have the ability to activate the angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the main cell types involved in skin regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
Other studies reported that some cancer cells could repress their own CCL5 expression to hinder migration of anticancer immune cells toward cancer sites 15 , 16 . (nature.com)

Thymic epithelial reticular cells (TERCs), also known as epithelial reticular cells (ERCs), are specialized cells that play a vital role in the development and maturation of T lymphocytes in the thymus. (0nol.com)
In addition to their structural functions, TERCs produce thymic hormones that support lymphocyte growth and maturation. (0nol.com)
TECs play a vital role in the development and maturation of T lymphocytes in the thymus. (0nol.com)
They offer structural support for lymphocytes and secrete thymic hormones that bolster lymphocyte proliferation and maturation. (0nol.com)

loss of epithelial cell polarity by Lgl2 overexpression changes the position of the cells and is permissive for a change in cell fate. (bath.ac.uk)
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of peripheral B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by constitutive cyclin D1 overexpression leading to cell-cycle dysregulation and disruption of DNA damage repair. (bloodjournal.ru)
Overexpression of TRIM13 in NCI-H1975 and SPC-A-1 cells hampered cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)

Recombinant human IL-7 (HZ-1281) stimulates dose-dependent proliferation of murine 2E8 human cell line. (ptglab.com)
Human IL-3 stimulates endothelial cell motility and promotes in vivo new vessel formation. (unito.it)
It has been previously shown that the human hemopoietic growth factor IL-3 (hIL-3), predominantly produced by activated T lymphocytes, stimulates both endothelial cell proliferation and functional activation. (unito.it)
Cortisol maintains tissue responsiveness to catecholamines, and stimulates a-adrenegic receptor function and receptors in vascular smooth muscle and nerve cells. (medium.com)

Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a key role in activation of nicotinic and muscarinic ACh-receptors. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to T cells, which did not exhibit a significant difference, B cells from PPARγ +/- showed an enhanced proliferative response to stimulation by either lipopolysaccharide or cross-linking of antigen receptors. (jci.org)
It has an essential role in animal development and recruits ion channels, receptors, and signaling molecules to discrete plasma membrane regions of polarized cells in the HEART ATRIA MYOCARDIUM. (umassmed.edu)
IL-2 receptors are express by lymphocytes. (tcu.edu)
Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are best known for their role in chemical signaling between nerve cells, but they are also found in other tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
Complement and complement receptors play a critical role in immune defense by initiating the rapid destruction of invading microorganisms, amplifying the innate and adaptive immune responses, and mediating solubilization and clearance of immune complexes. (medscape.com)
The density of CR1 receptors on cell surfaces varies with the cell type and with the activation of the cell for neutrophils and monocytes. (medscape.com)
Because of their high numbers, red blood cells express an average of 90% of the CR1 receptors despite their having a lower number of antigenic sites per cell. (medscape.com)
Among healthy individuals, the number of CR1 receptors on the red blood cells varies widely, yet the phenotypic expression, regulated by 2 codominant alleles, is stable. (medscape.com)

A constitutively active aPKC fused to a nuclear localisation signal has the same phenotypic effect as aPKC-CAAX in that it suppresses neurogenesis and enhances proliferation. (bath.ac.uk)
Enhances CD4+ T-cell differentiation and proliferation (PubMed:20959412). (qedbio.com)

Kv1.2 channel regulates neurotransmitter release associated with heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, immunological response and cell volume. (wikipedia.org)
Cortisol secretion in adrenocortex is regulated by ACTH (pituitary), which is counterregulated by CRF (hypothalamus). (medium.com)

Our study suggests that both OMSCs and host cells contribute to bone formation in vivo. (ca.gov)
The in vivo neoangiogenetic effect of hIL-3 was also demonstrated in a murine model in which Matrigel was used for the delivery of the cytokine, suggesting a role of hIL-3 in sustaining neoangiogenesis. (unito.it)
In contrast, ACT expands a patient's own T cells ex vivo to direct anti-tumor immunity when transfused back into the patient. (elifesciences.org)
1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)
Although CNC exposures are associated with pulmonary inflammation and damage as well as oxidative stress responses and genotoxicity in vivo, studies evaluating cell transformation or tumorigenic potential of CNC's were not previously conducted. (cdc.gov)

CD44 regulates hematopoietic progenitor distribution, granuloma formation, and tumorigenicity. (southernbiotech.com)

The cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) that may have an endosomal origin, or from evaginations of the plasma membrane. (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

8. Wright MH, Calcagno AM, Salcido CD, Carlson MD, Ambudkar SV, Varticovski L. Brca1 breast tumors contain distinct CD44 + /CD24 - and CD133 + cells with cancer stem cell characteristics. (southernbiotech.com)
There is growing evidence that cancer-related inflammation plays crucial roles in the process of tumorigenesis and progression in various malignant tumors, mainly via enhancing angiogenesis and metastasis, suppressing adaptive immune responses, and reducing reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs [ 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Accordingly, the expression of human HMGCS2 is down-regulated in 90% of Myc-dependent colon and rectum tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, it is also down-regulated in 80% of small intestine Myc-independent tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)

The EV composition depends on the producer cell type and its physiological conditions. (frontiersin.org)
This gene subfamily is constitutively active at physiological resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle cells, and has been particularly linked to the human pulmonary circulation. (ersjournals.com)

The exosome vesicles are a type of extracellular vesicles (EV), which are defined as lipid-bilayer spheroid structures, without replicating capacity, that are released from cells, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (frontiersin.org)

Recent studies using neutralizing anti-CCL5 antibodies have suggested that the constitutive expression of CCL5 plays a regulatory role in maintaining tissue-resident memory (Trm) T cells in the human vaginal tract 9 and mouse skin 10 , suggesting that constitutive CCL5 expression in noninflamed conditions, hereafter referred to as homeostatic CCL5 expression, might be important for homeostasis of tissue-resident lymphocytes. (nature.com)
External insults (eg, infections, radiation, drugs) may disrupt stem cell homeostasis in marrow environment, leading to altered growth. (medscape.com)

Evidence has recently been obtained that two very different recombinatorial systems for lymphocyte antigen receptor diversification appeared at the beginning of vertebrate evolution approximately 500 million years ago. (scielo.br)
CR2/CD21 interacts with C3b degradation products C3dg and C3d and can act synergistically with the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) in B-cell activation. (medscape.com)

Ion channels play a key role in lymphocyte signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)

Endothelial cell proliferation is a major component of angiogenesis and it is regulated by several growth factors. (unito.it)

Lymphatic tissues also include the thymus, a relatively small organ behind the breastbone that is thought to play an important role in the immune system until puberty, as well as the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside the cavities of bones that manufactures blood cells. (rarediseases.org)
KM201 can inhibit hyaluronate-dependent cell aggregation, prevent lympho-hemopoiesis in both Dexter and Whitlock-Witte cultures, prevent the earliest intrathymic precursors from homing to the thymus, and costimulate the activation of freshly purified splenic CD4 + T cells. (southernbiotech.com)
For example, in the thymus, IL-2 promotes differentiation of immature T cells into regulatory T cells. (tcu.edu)
However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
In detail, thymus-settling progenitors enter the thymus and generate early T-cell progeni- tors (ETP/DN1 stage), which in turn give rise to DN2, DN3 and DN4 cells. (lu.se)

Furthermore, gga-miR-155 directly targeted the RORA gene and downregulated its expression in the MSB1 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
HMGCS2 , the gene that regulates ketone body production, is expressed in liver and several extrahepatic tissues, such as the colon. (aacrjournals.org)
Based on these findings, we propose that ketogenesis is an undesirable metabolic characteristic of the proliferating cell, which is down-regulated through c-Myc-mediated repression of the key metabolic gene HMGCS2 . (aacrjournals.org)
PRAD1 gene over-expression in mantle-cell lymphoma but not in other low-grade B-cell lymphomas, including extranodal lymphoma. (bloodjournal.ru)
HSPA9 was previously identified as a candidate gene in a commonly deleted region (CDR) associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder. (wustl.edu)
To elucidate whether epigenetic effects play a role for these gene expression changes, we performed whole genome bisulphite sequencing to assess DNA methylation patterns in the lungs 56 days after exposure to MWCNTs. (cdc.gov)
Epigenetic Alteration of the Cancer-Related Gene TGFBI in B Cells Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus and Exposed to Aflatoxin B1: Potential Role in Burkitt Lymphoma Development. (who.int)

Correlation of hyaluronan deposition with infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes in a cockroach-induced murine model of asthma. (southernbiotech.com)
In an excellent issue, J.P. Di SANTO focuses on murine NK cells, although parallels to human NK cell biology are also made. (scielo.br)
Given the central role of B cells in pSS pathogenesis, we investigated PI3Kδ pathway activation in pSS and the functional consequences of blocking PI3Kδ in a murine model of focal sialoadenitis that mimics some features of pSS. (ox.ac.uk)

Human orofacial bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) showed distinct differentiation traits from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from long bones, mouse OMSCs have not been isolated due to technical difficulties, which in turn precludes using mouse models to study orofacial diseases. (ca.gov)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties. (nature.com)

This cytokine is also involved in the prevention of autoimmune conditions by promoting immature T cells to differentiate into T regulatory cells. (tcu.edu)
both substances are toxic to immature lymphocytes, which thus fail to mature. (qedbio.com)
107 immature T-cells per day competence. (lu.se)

The signaling mechanisms of IL-21 in different cell types have been identified. (intechopen.com)
However, we know less about the biological effects of IL-21 and its signaling mechanisms in leukemia cells and monocytes. (intechopen.com)
and T-cell proliferation, adoptive transfer, and islet transplantation were performed to evaluate the PD-L1 transgene-mediated immune-protective mechanisms. (diabetesjournals.org)
In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
MDV-miR-M4 is known to complement miR-155 in initiating MD lymphomas, although the underlying mechanisms, especially the role of host miRNAs, have not completely elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the professional producers of IFN-I in response to many viruses, including all of the herpesviruses tested. (mdpi.com)
2 Psoriasis is a disease with innate and adaptive immune system disorder and dendritic cells, neutrophils, keratinocytes and T cells play major roles in the pathogenesis. (nature.com)
When genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to infection, stress or trauma, cutaneous dendritic cells are activated to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-23, which subsequently stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of proinflammatory T cells. (nature.com)
It is a single-chain membrane glycoprotein of approximately 200 kd that has 4 allotypic forms on myeloid cells (eg, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes), lymphoid cells (mostly B cells), follicular dendritic cells, and glomerular podocytes. (medscape.com)
C3dg and C3d also can bind to the surface of bacteria and fungi, allowing CR2 on B cells and follicular dendritic cells to present the organisms for immune triggering. (medscape.com)

These models, together with bone marrow chimeras, were used to explore the role of adaptive and innate lymphocytes in the flaky skin phenotype. (nih.gov)
Therefore, adipocytes play an important role in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. (frontiersin.org)
The T and B cells are the major components of adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Adipocytes can regulate adaptive immunity, which is involved with various metabolic diseases. (frontiersin.org)
First, we introduce adipocytes as APCs to participate in T cell-mediated adaptive immune response. (frontiersin.org)
Further, IL-2 promotes the production of memory T cells and is thus involved in facilitating adaptive immunity. (tcu.edu)

Downloaded from periodic thymic colonization by progenitor cells guarantees stage. (lu.se)

OBJECTIVE -Coinhibitory signals mediated via programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor play a critical role in downregulating immune responses and in maintaining peripheral tolerance. (diabetesjournals.org)
After UMSC transplantation (UMSCT), the frequencies of Tregs and CD4 + memory T cells were significantly increased, and the frequencies of T helper (Th) 17 and CD4 + naive T cells were significantly decreased in peripheral blood (PB) of psoriasis patients. (nature.com)

It has been implicated in various processes, such as hematopoiesis, lymphocyte homing, leukocyte activation, tumor metastasis and development. (southernbiotech.com)

Knockdown of Hspa9 resulted in a significant growth defect in these cells and reduced Stat5 phosphorylation following IL-7 stimulation of cytokine-starved cells. (wustl.edu)

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is produced by activated T cells and it plays many diverse roles by regulating the functions of normal and abnormal cells. (intechopen.com)

There are two main types of lymphocytes: B-lymphocytes, which may produce specific antibodies to "neutralize" certain invading microorganisms, and T-lymphocytes, which may directly destroy microorganisms or assist in the activities of other lymphocytes. (rarediseases.org)
Accordingly, immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies shows that HMGCS2 is expressed mainly in differentiated cells of human colonic epithelium. (aacrjournals.org)

Margatoxin blocks potassium channels Kv1.1 Kv1.2 en Kv1.3. (wikipedia.org)
Potassium channels are required for the activation of T-cells. (wikipedia.org)
and controls expression of KV4 POTASSIUM CHANNELS to regulate excitability of CARDIAC MYOCYTES. (umassmed.edu)

MSCs are multipotent cells characterized by their regenerative capabilities and immunomodulatory properties. (nature.com)
Exosomes released by young stem cells have shown to be very powerful in regulating regenerative processes in the body and assisting in rejuvenation. (infusio.org)
The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory properties and a high regenerative capacity. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, research on exosomes produced by MSC has been intensified for use in cell-free regenerative medicine. (frontiersin.org)

To activate an immune response a T-lymphocyte has to come into contact with a macrophage. (wikipedia.org)
NK cells coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. (scielo.br)

Lymphocytes are stored within lymph nodes and may also be found in other lymphatic tissues. (rarediseases.org)

The available data suggest that genetic, metabolic, and immunologic factors play important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
The hormones affect or regulate either a particular organ, a group of organs, metabolic function(s), or every cell of the body. (medium.com)
4. It plays an important role in many metabolic and biochemical reactions, such as DNA synthesis and repair, protein synthesis, prostaglandin synthesis, amino acid transport and enzyme activation. (nmn-bio.com)
Rapid proliferation and acquisition of effector function are demanding processes that require precise metabolic re-wiring. (elifesciences.org)
However, many patients fail to respond to these therapies, and metabolic barriers imposed on T cells by the TME may contribute. (elifesciences.org)
This review will discuss the metabolic adaptations necessary for T cells to meet changing biochemical needs throughout different stages of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)

Central role of alpha7 nicotinic receptor in differentiation of the stratified squamous epithelium. (medlineplus.gov)
CR1 and CR2 have been shown to influence the immune environment in a B-cell receptor-independent manner. (medscape.com)

In a xenograft model Ttc7-mutated fibroblasts markedly increased epithelial proliferation of keratinocytes. (nih.gov)
They include endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. (frontiersin.org)

Thus, these cells are capable of entering a proliferative state. (msdmanuals.com)

In order to understand the role of HSPA9 in hematopoiesis and disease development, we created an Hspa9 knockout mouse model. (wustl.edu)

Our data suggest that OMSCs are a unique population of MSCs and have a role in systemic immunity. (ca.gov)

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a type I cytokine that modulates functions of T, B, natural killer (NK), and myeloid cells. (nih.gov)
IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced and released by activated T cells that plays a key role in regulating T-cell proliferation. (tcu.edu)
Interleukin-2 (IL-2), also known as T-cell growth factor, is a pleiotropic cytokine that, among other functions, regulates T-cell proliferation and differentiation. (tcu.edu)
Substances that have no effect when inhaled precise role of each cytokine remains to be determined. (cdc.gov)

Next, an overview of several current models of hematopoietic lineage trees to identify developmental branching points between the lymphoid and myeloid cell compartments is discussed. (scielo.br)

The role of hormones in human physiology is complex and fascinating. (medium.com)
The hormones are either secreted by a group of cells in a gland or by the whole gland. (medium.com)
Since endocrine glands are ductless, the secreted hormones are carried to their target cells (organs) by blood plasma. (medium.com)

TECs are specialized cells with significant anatomic, phenotypic, and functional heterogeneity situated within the epithelium of the thymic stroma's outer layer. (0nol.com)

Activated T-lymphocytes impaired OMSCs via the Fas/Fas ligand pathway, as occur in long bone MSCs. (ca.gov)
Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway in B cells from PPARγ +/- was indicated by spontaneous NF-κB activation, as well as increased IκBα phosphorylation and gel-shift activity following LPS stimulation. (jci.org)

We report that a membrane-tethered form of aPKC (aPKC-CAAX) suppresses primary neurogenesis and promotes cell proliferation. (bath.ac.uk)
They span the membrane of cells, allowing the selective permeation of K + ions from one side of the membrane to the other, usually from the inside of the cell to the outside. (ersjournals.com)
They regulate the excitability of cells and contribute to their resting membrane potential [ 1 , 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are distinguished from other lymphomas by their anaplastic cytology and constant membrane expression of the CD30 antigen (an activation marker for B or T cells). (medscape.com)

We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
These cells possess a prominent, vesicular nucleus, tonofilament-rich cytoplasm, and an abundance of desmosomes. (0nol.com)
Histologically, ALCL is characterized by sheets of large pleomorphic cells with abundant cytoplasm, horseshoe- or wreath-shaped nuclei, and multiple prominent nucleoli. (medscape.com)

Adipocytes can directly activate CD4 + T cells through antigen:MHCII complex in a contact-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)

Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), the interacting ligand for PD-1, widely expressed in many cell types, acts as a tissue-specific negative regulator of pathogenic T-cell responses. (diabetesjournals.org)
CCL5 is a unique chemokine with distinct stage and cell-type specificities for regulating inflammation, but how these specificities are achieved and how CCL5 modulates immune responses is not well understood. (nature.com)
Thus, cancer-derived CCL5 are generally utilized to evade host's antitumor responses, representing a procancer role of cancer-secreted CCL5. (nature.com)
Therefore, host CCL5 can obviously work as an anticancer molecule to mount relevant immune responses against some cancer cells. (nature.com)
Anti-HIV-1 T cell responses are evaded by continuous mutation of the virus. (scielo.br)
Vaccine strategies that concentrate on stimulating T cell immunity will at best generate reactive and persisting T cell responses that can suppress virus without preventing infection, limiting or preventing the damage the virus cause. (scielo.br)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)

A degenerative disease comes from a continuous deterioration of cells, affecting tissues or organs. (infusio.org)
The gga-miR-155 is downregulated in the MDV-infected chicken tissues or lymphocyte lines, although its exact role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that TRIM13 mRNA and protein expression was reduced in NSCLC tissues and cell lines in comparison to paired non-cancerous tissues and a human normal bronchial epithelial cell line, respectively. (cancerindex.org)
Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is a form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. (rarediseases.org)
Mantle cell lymphoma belongs to a group of diseases known as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, which are related malignancies (cancers) that affect the lymphatic system. (rarediseases.org)
Lymphatic tissue or circulating lymphocytes may also be located in other regions of the body, such as the skin, small intestine, liver, and other organs. (rarediseases.org)
check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)

This review summarises our current state of knowledge of the functional role of TASK-1 channels in the pulmonary circulation in health and disease, with special emphasis on current advancements in the field. (ersjournals.com)

Approximately 30-60 % of the human genome, regulated by miRNAs. (ukessays.com)

The GSDME-EGFR interaction plays an important role in non-small cell lung cancer development, reveal a previously unrecognized link between GSDME and EGFR stability and offer new insight into cancer pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy47

Organisms16

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs91

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Apoptosis20

Cytokines14

Antigens4

Regulation9

Mice15

Inflammatory6

Tumor cells2

Cellular7

Epithelial Cells7

Macrophages7

Proteins11

Survival6

Metabolism8

Vitro3

Pathways6

Migration4

Maturation4

Overexpression3

Stimulates4

Receptors10

Enhances2

Secretion2

Vivo5

Hematopoietic progenitor1

Secrete2

Tumors5

Physiological2

Lipid1

Homeostasis2

Antigen receptor2

Signal transduction2

Angiogenesis1

Thymus5

Gene7

Murine3

Mesenchymal stem2

Immature3

Mechanisms5

Dendritic5

Adaptive7

Progenitor1

Peripheral2

Leukocyte1

Stat51

Produced by activated1

Antibodies2

Potassium channels3

Regenerative4

Immune response2

Lymph nodes1

Metabolic6

Receptor2

Keratinocytes2

Proliferative1

Knockout1

Systemic1

Cytokine4

Myeloid1

Hormones3

Epithelium1

Pathway2

Membrane4

Cytoplasm3

Activate1

Responses7

Tissues4

Lymphatic5

Functional1

Human genome1

Pathogenesis1