• A cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments that extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane. (wikipathways.org)
  • Actin filaments, composed of the abundant actin protein, are a main component of the cytoskeleton, playing a key role muscle contraction. (wikipathways.org)
  • [ 3 ] The exact function of WASp is not fully elucidated, but it seems to function as a bridge between signaling and movement of the actin filaments in the cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)
  • Next, gelsolin (activated by Ca ++ ) severs actin filaments to create barbed ends, but then must be uncapped from the filament by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphonate and Rac to proceed with polymerization. (medscape.com)
  • In human platelets, Rap2 was shown to interact with the cytoskeleton by binding the actin filaments. (nih.gov)
  • In eukaryotic cells, actin filaments form cytoskeleton, a network of two types of fibrous structures, filaments and tubules. (yokogawa.com)
  • therefore, some kind of drug stimulation causes remarkable changes in the number, length, distribution, movement and stability of cytoskeleton filaments. (yokogawa.com)
  • As a result, significant differences from the control were identified in the number of actin filaments and the distribution of filament lengths (Fig. 2). (yokogawa.com)
  • TGB ectopic expression experiments revealed that TGB3 is a major elicitor of filament thickening, that TGB2 resulted in formation of intermediate DsRed:Talin filaments, and that TGB1 alone had no obvious effects on actin filament structure. (ppjonline.org)
  • A family of cytoskeletal proteins that play essential roles in CELL ADHESION at ADHERENS JUNCTIONS by linking CADHERINS to the ACTIN FILAMENTS of the CYTOSKELETON. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we summarize recent advances in our knowledge about the candidate proteins or protein complexes that interact with both AFs and MTs and their role in fundamental cellular and developmental processes. (cas.cz)
  • 2011). Filamin A is an actin crosslinking phosphoprotein of the peripheral cytoplasm and interacts with Pho proteins. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • It is unknown how this potentially deleterious adenylylation activity is regulated in the widespread Fic proteins that are found in all domains of life and that are thought to have critical roles in intrinsic signalling processes. (rcsb.org)
  • Non-muscle cofilin (n-cofilin) is a member of the ADF/cofilin family of actin depolymerizing proteins. (nature.com)
  • To determine the mechanisms leading to actin remodeling, fluorescent protein fusions of the BSMV triple gene block (TGB) proteins were coexpressed in cells with the actin marker DsRed: Talin. (ppjonline.org)
  • and (iv) the role of FXIIIa on matrix deposition and tissue repair, including cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin, collagen and von Willebrand factor, and the effects on matrix deposition and cell-matrix interactions. (portlandpress.com)
  • When cytoskeletal proteins like actin undergo mutations and are abnormally expressed, they can contribute to the drug resistance and metastatic ability of cancer cells . (naturalnews.com)
  • p-Src proteins, on the other hand, are regulatory proteins that play key roles in cell differentiation , motility, proliferation, and survival. (naturalnews.com)
  • Calponin is a group of actin filament-associated regulatory proteins. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Newly synthesized proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are sorted by coat protein complex II (COPII) at the ER exit site en route to the Golgi. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cellular differentiation is characterized by changes in cell morphology that are largely determined by actin dynamics. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here we show that interaction between actin dynamics and ECM rearrangement plays a key role in adipocyte differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Because of the complex nature of actin dynamics and its regulation, many of these models are phenomenological or conceptual, providing a general understanding of the physics at play. (nih.gov)
  • In this review, we will focus on how comprehensive and adaptable modeling allows investigators to explain experimental observations and develop testable hypotheses on the intracellular dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
  • Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. (thermofisher.com)
  • Regulation of actin dynamics and analysis of genomic influences on actin function. (upstate.edu)
  • Actin Cytoskeletal Dynamics in the leukocyte inflammatory phenotype. (upstate.edu)
  • Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important intermediate in membrane lipid metabolism that acts as a key component of signaling networks, regulating the spatio-temporal dynamics of the endomembrane system and the cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interestingly, inhibiting specifically DGK changed vacuolar dynamics and the morphology of pollen tubes, whereas inhibiting specifically PLD disrupted the actin cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
  • The release of cytochrome c can be modulated by various factors, such as changes in the cellular redox balance and lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, and perturbations in the cytoskeleton. (nature.com)
  • 5 Actin dynamics critically depend on members of the ADF/cofilin family that comprises muscle cofilin (m-cofilin), non-muscle cofilin (n-cofilin), and ADF (actin depolymerizing factor). (nature.com)
  • Calponin is an actin filament-associated regulatory protein that can inhibit the activity of myosin- ATPase and stabilize the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. (ijpsonline.com)
  • [ 3 ] This ultrastructural component of cellular architecture is involved fundamentally in intracellular and cell substrate interactions and signaling via its role in cell morphology and movement. (medscape.com)
  • Abl tyrosine kinases likely play important roles as downstream receptors in regulating actin cytoskeleton remodeling and intracellular trafficking. (asn-online.org)
  • however, additional extracellular and intracellular roles for FXIII have been identified which influence thrombus resolution and tissue repair. (portlandpress.com)
  • NA and ET induced a rapid and prolonged activation of PYK2, as shown by increased phosphorylation at Y402 and Y881, and a concomitant association of the kinase with a Triton X-100 insoluble membrane (cytoskeleton) compartment. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • These results show that in mesenteric arteries an intact cytoskeleton and force development are not prerequisites for G-protein-coupled receptor-induced activation of PYK2 and paxillin, by tyrosine phosphorylation, in vascular tissue, but are necessary for the translocation of PYK2 and paxillin to the membrane. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The protein produced from the BIN1 gene plays an additional role in the formation of tube-like structures called transverse tubules (or T tubules), which are found within the membrane of muscle fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The photoreceptor sensory cilium is recognized for fast membrane renewal, for which rhodopsin and peripherin/rds (P/rds) play critical roles. (jneurosci.org)
  • The bidirectional control of AQP2 trafficking from cytoplasm to the apical plasma membrane is regulated by vasopressin/vasopressin receptor (VP/VPR) pathway and filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization/depolymerization. (asn-online.org)
  • We estimated binding affinities in the micro-molar range for the dominant reactions of the CaMKII isoforms with the post-synaptic membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions that can degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are involved in cell invasion. (naturalnews.com)
  • As a member of the ERM protein family, this protein serves as an intermediate between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. (thermofisher.com)
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation of the adaptor protein paxillin has been implicated in regulation of actin filament formation and force development. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Our findings suggest that cell-autonomous down-regulation of FN-ITGα5 interaction contributes to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and completion of adipocyte differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. (thermofisher.com)
  • [ 4 ] that interfere with the protein binding to Cdc42 and Rac GTPases, among other binding partners, most of which are involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton of lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • The review highlights the central role of FXIIIa in the regulation of thrombus stability, thrombus regulation, cell-matrix interactions and wound healing, which is supported by observations in FXIII-deficient humans and animals. (portlandpress.com)
  • A FN matrix suppressed both reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into the pattern characteristic of adipocytes and terminal adipocyte differentiation, and these inhibitory effects were overcome by knockdown of integrin α5 (ITGα5). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Moreover, MCT4 overexpression enhances cell migration and invasiveness via reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. (hindawi.com)
  • This protein promotes the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby playing a role in cell migration and growth. (cancerindex.org)
  • Ohanian, V, Gatfield, K & Ohanian, J 2005, ' Role of the actin cytoskeleton in G-protein-coupled receptor activation of PYK2 and paxillin in vascular smooth muscle ', Hypertension , vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 93-99. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • See also "Uneven distribution of auxin" and "Organization of the plant" in the main Auxin article Auxin plays a central role in PIN protein polarity establishment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some studies have suggested a role for this protein in maintaining centriole-nucleated sensory organelles termed primary cilia, and AS is now considered to belong to the growing class of human genetic disorders linked to ciliary dysfunction (ciliopathies). (springer.com)
  • Nucleation, the rate-limiting step, is stimulated by a complex of actin-related protein Arp2/3 and WASp. (medscape.com)
  • Afadin, a scaffold protein localized in adherens junctions (AJs), links nectins to the actin cytoskeleton. (rcsb.org)
  • Both isoform 3 of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) and Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) are putative effectors of Rap2 in mediating the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
  • The Rap2 interacting protein 9 (RPIP9) is highly expressed in human breast carcinomas and correlates with a poor prognosis, suggesting a role for Rap2 in breast cancer oncogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Plant cytoskeleton consists of two major networks of protein polymers, actin microfilaments (AFs) and microtubules (MTs). (cas.cz)
  • Protein interactome of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate reveals its role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. (mpg.de)
  • This protein plays a key role in cell surface structure adhesion, migration and organization, and it has been implicated in various human cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • Gα12 couples to numerous G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and regulates multiple epithelial responses, including proliferation, apoptosis, permeability and the actin cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] Actin filament growth occurs by rapid monomer addition (polymerization) to the barbed leading end of a nucleated site. (medscape.com)
  • Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) induces massive actin filament thickening at the infection front of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. (ppjonline.org)
  • Latrunculin B (LatB) treatments retarded BSMV cell-to-cell movement, disrupted actin filament organization, and dramatically decreased the proportion of paired TGB3 foci appearing at the cell wall (CW). (ppjonline.org)
  • But the wealth of carefully measured kinetic data on the interactions of many of the players in actin biochemistry cries out for the creation of more detailed and accurate models that could permit investigators to dissect interdependent roles of individual molecular components. (nih.gov)
  • Our results indicate that actin cytoskeleton interactions are important in BSMV cell-to-cell movement and for CW localization of TGB3. (ppjonline.org)
  • It plays a central role in controlling cell division, cell functions, and cell interactions with other tissues. (naturalnews.com)
  • He performed some of the first studies to identify transcription factors that regulate the gene expression and differentiation of eosinophils, which are known to play a major role in allergic and asthmatic responses. (ubc.ca)
  • To elucidate the general importance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptosis, we exposed mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient for n-cofilin, ADF (actin depolymerizing factor), or all ADF/cofilin isoforms to well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
  • Interestingly, mitochondrial association of ADF and n-cofilin during apoptosis was preceded by, and dependent on, actin that translocated by a yet unknown mechanism to mitochondria during cell death. (nature.com)
  • We found that, upon induction of apoptosis in control MEFs, n-cofilin, and its homolog ADF translocated to mitochondria together with actin. (nature.com)
  • Dystroglycan is also required non-cell-autonomously to organize the planar polarity of basal actin in follicle cells, possibly by organizing the Laminin ECM. (lu.se)
  • The following describes the analysis of morphological changes in cytoskeleton caused by drug stimulation, using the "Morphology Analysis" protocol. (yokogawa.com)
  • Since the structural changes in cytoskeleton occur in cell migration, the "Morphology Analysis" protocol will be a useful tool for the study of the inflammatory response and also cancer metastasis. (yokogawa.com)
  • We previously showed that depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton triggers the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes as a result of inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator activity of megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1). (elsevierpure.com)
  • We found that depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton precedes disruption and degradation of fibrillar fibronectin (FN) structures at the cell surface after the induction of adipogenesis in cultured preadipocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For a more thorough review of the role of phosphatidylinositol and the cellular and physiological functions of OCRL1 please refer to the following 2 reviews: (1) McCrea HJ, De Camilli P. Mutations in phosphoinositide metabolizing enzymes and human disease. (medscape.com)
  • These results suggested that the antimetastatic effect of SY is due to its ability to inhibit invadopodia formation, which occurs mainly through Src-dependent cytoskeleton rearrangement. (naturalnews.com)
  • Overall, our results demonstrate the critical importance of all three types of enzymes involved in PA production and degradation, with strikingly different roles of PA produced by the PLD and DGK pathways, in pollen tube growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • TSC1 and TSC2 also play a role in regulating pathways other than mTORC1/2. (springer.com)
  • Despite these advances, the roles of TSC1 and TSC2 in regulating signaling pathways independently of mTORC1/2 remain poorly understood. (springer.com)
  • Generally, autophagy plays a protective role in cells, but disruption of autophagy mechanisms or excessive autophagic flux usually leads to cell death. (bvsalud.org)
  • Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a vital role in plant response to abiotic stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mathematical modeling has established its value for investigating the interplay of biochemical and mechanical mechanisms underlying actin-based motility. (nih.gov)
  • Cofilin binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. (thermofisher.com)
  • Interestingly, our data suggest no direct interaction of n-cofilin and ADF with mitochondria, but a rather indirect, actin-mediated association. (nature.com)
  • Collectively, these results unraveled a novel and broad role of PI3K in plant immunity which promoted stomatal closure and PR gene expression possibly via regulating ROS production. (frontiersin.org)
  • KMT2A gene encodes a transcriptional coactivator that plays an crucial role in regulating gene expression during early development and hematopoiesis. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • However, mechanistic details are lacking, and recent studies have implicated ALMS1 in several processes including endosomal trafficking, actin organisation, maintenance of centrosome cohesion and transcription. (springer.com)
  • Polarization is a fundamental cellular property that plays a vital role in various biological processes in multi-cellular as well as single-cell organisms. (elifesciences.org)
  • Finally, MCT4 inhibition mitigates the induction of angiogenesis, suggesting that MCT4 also plays a crucial role in tumor-related angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • At the initial stage of cell-cell junction formation, the nectin-afadin interaction plays an indispensable role in AJ biogenesis via recruiting and tethering other components. (rcsb.org)
  • Interaction of 2 ',3 '-cAMP with Rbp47b Plays a Role in Stress Granule Formation. (mpg.de)
  • Epidemiological and biological data to the development of new or improved The Research Leadership Forums suggested a role for solar exposure biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility consist of one day meetings of senior and immune impairment in the etiology and diagnosis or staging of cancer, scientific staff at a location in or around of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). (who.int)
  • Taken together, these results support a role for Tao as a novel inhibitor of BMP signaling in motor neurons during synaptic development and function. (sdbonline.org)
  • Cytoskeleton plays various key roles in cells such as the arrangement of cellular organelles, keeping the shape of cell, and power generation for cellular movement accompanying cell morphological changes in occasions such as cell division, muscle contraction and ciliary movement. (yokogawa.com)
  • MRC5 cells were seeded on 96-well plates at 20,000 cells/well, cultured for 24 hours, fixed with formaldehyde and stained actin with phalloidin. (yokogawa.com)
  • Fixed the cells with formaldehyde and stained actin with phalloidin. (yokogawa.com)
  • For their in vivo experiments, they established an orthotopic lung metastasis animal model via intravenous injection of breast cancer cells to evaluate the antimetastatic role of SY. (naturalnews.com)
  • However, the role of PI3K in plant immunity is largely unknown. (frontiersin.org)
  • Given its evolutionarily conserved family of signal transducing enzymes, it is worth revealing the role of PI3K/VPS34 in plant immunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Actually, phosphoinositide signaling plays a vital role in plant immunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • and play a role in synapse formation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although calponin 2 has been reported to play roles in several cancers, whether it takes part in the progression of esophageal cancer still remains unknown. (ijpsonline.com)
  • It plays an important role in mitotic spindle function and is required for the G2/M cell cycle (Lentes et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • The data and the simulations together led us to a model that advocates an important role for CaMKII self-aggregation in retaining CaMKII within dendritic spines upon stimulus overload. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • In addition, OCRL1 plays an important role in ciliogenesis by modulating trafficking of ciliary components into the cilium, presumably through binding with Rab8. (medscape.com)
  • We analyzed the developmental expression and subcellular distribution of synapsin III in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons and its role in neurite elongation and synapse formation. (jneurosci.org)