• This enzyme plays a role in the breakdown of complexes of sugar molecules (oligosaccharides) attached to certain proteins (glycoproteins) and fats (glycolipids). (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)
  • I took up a position at Oxford Brookes University in 2012 investigating the role of reticulon proteins in ER tubulation and viral trafficking in order to develop my international reputation in ER research and advanced imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • These sphingolipid transfer proteins were initially identified as glycolipid transfer proteins (GLTPs) due to their specificity for transferring glycosphingolipids between membranes. (umn.edu)
  • Antibodies play important role against microorganisms and other pathogens to which type of proteins do they belong? (r4r.in)
  • In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • He also showed that double-stranded (ds)RNA- and ZDNA binding proteins had a role in poxvirus pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Glycolipids are found on the surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes, where they extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the extracellular environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eukaryotic] cell membranes, where they play important roles in intracellular signaling and in membrane structure. (dadamo.com)
  • The Golgi complex plays a prominent role in secretory and endocytic trafficking in eukaryotic cells and is key to the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates (glycoproteins and glycolipids) that are essential for life. (cornell.edu)
  • set the stage for the still ongoing debate on the role of bulk flow versus receptor-mediated transport of cargo molecules through the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells. (biologists.com)
  • Here, we provide evidence for the involvement of the specific trisaccharide unit of the phenolic glycolipid-1 (PGL-1) of Mycobacterium leprae in determining the bacterial predilection to the peripheral nerve. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The cell wall of pathogenic mycobacteria is abundant with complex glycolipids whose roles in disease pathogenesis are mostly unknown. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Studies have demonstrated the role of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (bioglyco.com)
  • The role of hydrolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of sexually transmitted diseases and their effect on cervical mucus are discussed in this review. (bmj.com)
  • Unlike conventional T cells, which mostly recognise peptide antigens presented by MHC molecules, i NKT cells recognise glycolipid antigens presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I-like molecule, CD1d . (immunology.org)
  • CD1 molecules present lipid, glycolipid and lipopeptides to T and NKT cells [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results indicate a novel role of a bacterial glycolipid in determining the nerve predilection of a human pathogen. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The possible roles of molecular hydrogen, a common by-product of bacterial fermentation, are also addressed. (techscience.com)
  • The results shown in this report provide new insights into understanding the role of sialidases in bacterial virulence and open a new avenue to investigate the molecular mechanisms of bacterial complement resistance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, the aim of this work is to carry out a review of the literature on the role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions, its mechanism of action, and to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in endotoxin's recognition by the immune system and cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, the objective of this study is to carry out a review of the literature on the role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions, as well as to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in its recognition by the immune system and in cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Blood types are an example of how glycolipids on cell membranes mediate cell interactions with the surrounding environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their role is to maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition, which is crucial to the immune response and in the connections that allow cells to connect to one another to form tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • The glycolipid is assembled in the Golgi apparatus and embedded in the surface of a vesicle which is then transported to the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The vesicle merges with the cell membrane so that the glycolipid can be presented on the cell's outside surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antigens which are not present in an individual's blood will cause antibodies to be produced, which will bind to the foreign glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The essential feature of a glycolipid is the presence of a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide bound to a lipid moiety. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enzymes called glycosyltransferases link the saccharide to the lipid molecule, and also play a role in assembling the correct oligosaccharide so that the right receptor can be activated on the cell which responds to the presence of the glycolipid on the surface of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycoglycerolipids: a sub-group of glycolipids characterized by an acetylated or non-acetylated glycerol with at least one fatty acid as the lipid complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycolipids are also responsible for other responses, notably the recognition of host cells by viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most notably, vegans lack the glycolipids naturally produced by our livers, which generally protect us from freezing temperatures. (isthisveganfriendly.com)
  • The cortex accounts for the majority of the hair fiber mass (75%) and plays a significant role in determining intrinsic strength. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Selectins, a class of lectins found on the surface of leukocytes and endothelial cells bind to the carbohydrates attached to glycolipids to initiate the immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, NKT cells constitute an important subset of T cells that can play a critical role in regulating the host's anti-tumor immune response. (umaryland.edu)
  • The major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) is a gene-dense genomic region within which many genes play a role in vertebrate immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to Class I and Class II genes, many of the other genes in the MHC region also play a role in immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like Class I and Class II genes, CD1 genes (which are MHC-linked in the chicken but not in mammals) play a role in the adaptive immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main function of glycolipids in the body is to serve as recognition sites for cell-cell interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • These interactions can play a role in cellular adhesion and other cellular recognition events. (musicastorrent.com)
  • Tumor-associated glycans play a significant role in promoting aggressive and metastatic behavior of malignant cells [ 1 - 5 ], participating in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions that promote tumor cell adhesion and migration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among glycans that play a critical role in stromal tumor cell interactions are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attached to proteoglycans (PGs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, a major inhabitants of the mCD1 autoreactive T cells, the ones that exhibit the NK1 namely.1 molecule and an invariant V14 TCR, have already been proven to recognize the glycolipid -galactosylceramide (-GalCer) presented by mCD1 (8, 9). (eprf.ca)
  • 2022) Effective Barriers: The Role of NKT Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Gut. (umaryland.edu)
  • 1. To be able to describe the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in Date of Original Release: April 2014. (cdc.gov)
  • NKT: Natural killer T innate lymphoid cells and their role in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • MHC Class II genes also encode receptors but are restricted to antigen presenting cells of the immune system where they play a role in combating extracellular pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • i NKT cells are frequently characterised by the recognition of the prototypical glycolipid, a-galactosylceramide ( a-GalCer ), a marine-sponge-derived agent, which also potently activates them and has strong anti-tumour activity. (immunology.org)
  • Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition. (bioselect.gr)
  • An example of how glycolipids function within the body is the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells during inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The four main human blood types (A, B, AB, O) are determined by the oligosaccharide attached to a specific glycolipid on the surface of red blood cells, which acts as an antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chrondroitin sulfate is an important glycosaminoglycan that plays a role in tissue repair by promoting the faster growth of cells. (mypetneedsthat.com)
  • In vitro studies have shown that CD4+ i NKT cells tend to produce both Th1 and Th2-type cytokines and may have a more immunoregulatory role, while CD8+ and DN i NKT cells appear more Th1-like in response and have a stronger cytolytic ability . (immunology.org)
  • i NKT cells have been implicated to play a role in a number of immune-related diseases. (immunology.org)
  • This essential class of biomolecules plays numerous roles, from energy storage to forming the very structure of our cells. (hellovaia.com)
  • This study was performed to identify the carrier proteoglycan (PG) and the sulfotransferase gene involved in synthesis of the surface P-selectin-reactive CS-GAGs in human breast cancer cells with high metastatic capacity, as well as to determine a direct role for CS-GAGs in metastatic spread. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In previous studies we found that CS/DS-GAGs are expressed on the cell surface of murine and human breast cancer cell lines with high metastatic capacity and that they play a major role in P-selectin binding and P-selectin-mediated adhesion of cancer cells to platelets and endothelial cells [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Readers, both laymen and experts, will gain knowledge of the basics of oxygen chemistry, how it functions in the human body, the role of oxidants in the development of various diseases. (benthamscience.com)
  • Scientific community has long assumed that Hsp70 and Hsc70 have similar cellular roles, but this assumption proved incomplete. (musicastorrent.com)
  • Ron and Rosenberg, 2001 Ron EZ, Rosenberg E (2001) Natural roles of biosurfactants. (scielo.br)
  • To decipher the role of PSAP specifically in the dopaminergic system, we generated mice with inducible and cell specific PSAP deletion in DA neurons (cPSAP DAT ). (nature.com)
  • Therefore, we generated mice with PSAP deletion in serotonin neurons (cPSAP SERT ) to further examine the role of PSAP in a cell population distinct from DA neurons. (nature.com)
  • Although the mechanisms of gene activation are still unclear, ceramide's role as a messenger of cytotoxic response to chemotherapy might be linked to the MDR pathway. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Compositions for the treatment and detection of cancer play a crucial role in improving patient outcomes and saving lives. (patentpc.com)
  • Early detection plays a crucial role in improving survival rates and reducing the burden of cancer. (patentpc.com)
  • Glucosamine plays a very important role in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycolipids, which are all important in various functions but mostly related to anti-inflammatory processes, connective tissue growth, and maturation, and tissue repair and rebuilding. (mypetneedsthat.com)
  • 1, 2 This review approaches the role of mucin degrading enzymes from the potential interaction of micro-organisms with the cervical mucus barrier, and discusses the contribution that mucin degrading enzymes may make to microbial colonisation of the reproductive tract. (bmj.com)
  • Minority and diverse populations, therefore, play a critical role in meeting the constant need for blood. (feministlawprofessors.com)
  • iii) the structural basis for the more focused glycolipid selectivity of a fungal GLTP ortholog as well as the GLTPH domain of human FAPP2. (umn.edu)
  • The saccharide of the glycolipid will bind to a specific complementary carbohydrate or to a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein), of a neighboring cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The saccharides that are attached to the polar head groups on the outside of the cell are the ligand components of glycolipids, and are likewise polar, allowing them to be soluble in the aqueous environment surrounding the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a promising vaccine adjuvant, trehalose glycolipid (TGL) has been extensively studied in recent years. (bioglyco.com)
  • Daily vinegar ingestion has been linked to improved glycemic control, but recent data suggest a separate unexplored role for vinegar in mental health. (mdpi.com)
  • Glycolipids, on the other hand, help in the activation of an immunologic response, something that is needed to help reduce inflammation in the joints. (mypetneedsthat.com)
  • However, its dual role in both the activation and suppression of innate immune responses makes it very difficult to use the results from gathered basic research and apply them to the development of clinical trials. (mdpi.com)