• DES induced thymic regression in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • exposure to organophosphate neurotoxicants combined with high circulating glucocorticoids in two inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J. (cdc.gov)
  • Using a pair of black mice from the Granby farm, Little develops the C57BL and C57BR strains. (jax.org)
  • The complex regulation of Na v s, together with the anatomical rostral shift of the DRG harboring injured fibers in C57BL/6 J mice, emphasize that caution is necessary and preliminary anatomical experiments should be carried out for gene and protein expression studies after SNI in mouse strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mice and rats, females require mating stimulation for the maintenance of pregnancy. (nature.com)
  • These FXG properties are conserved in both mice and rats, suggesting these granules may support conserved cellular functions. (biorxiv.org)
  • one estimate of mice and rats used in the US alone in 2001 was 80 million. (wmflabs.org)
  • This study determined the immune correlates induced by serial dilutions of rAd vaccines delivered intramuscularly (IM) and intranasally (IN) to mice and rats. (mdpi.com)
  • The IM immunized mice and rats also showed significant dose-dependent T cell responses to the rAd vaccine. (mdpi.com)
  • However, the T cell immunity plateaued in both mice and rats at 10 9 and 10 10 vp/animal, respectively. (mdpi.com)
  • Additionally, the highest dose of vaccine in mice and rats did not improve the T cell responses. (mdpi.com)
  • Mice (around 280 strains which include inbred, out bred and genetically engineered lines), Rats (out bred stocks like Wistar, Sprague Dawley, Long Evans and several transgenic rat strains), Xenopus laevis and Zebra fish . (ncbs.res.in)
  • Scientists have modified strains of viruses in order to study their behavior, as in the case of the H5N1 influenza virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Investigators first focused early life adversity research in rodent models on emotional behavior. (edge.org)
  • He uses large human cohorts for identifying the genetic basis of depression and rodent studies to explore the genetic architecture of behavior. (genestogenomes.org)
  • However, compared to traditional laboratory animals like rats, very little is known about its behavior, either in the wild or in a laboratory setting. (researchgate.net)
  • Male and female rats from the 10th generation were used to assess anxiety-like reactions in the elevated plus maze (EPM), depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test (FST), and aversive memory in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the EPM, female rats showed lower anxiety-like behavior than males, whereas CHF rats were more anxious than CLF rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, it is unknown whether maltreatment behavior occurs in rodents. (encephalitisjournal.org)
  • Empathy deficit is closely related to antisocial and maltreatment behaviors [ 31 - 36 ], and recent animal studies revealed that emotion contagion or empathy and prosocial behavior occur in rodents [ 37 - 40 ]. (encephalitisjournal.org)
  • However, maltreatment behavior induced by empathy deficit has never been examined in rodents. (encephalitisjournal.org)
  • These strains, such as BL21, are genetically modified to minimize protease activity, hence enabling potential for high efficiency industrial scale protein production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mouse strains can be inbred, mutated, or genetically modified, while rat strains are usually inbred. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first floor houses the rooms for rodents, which are maintained under dark & light cycles and controlled conditions for temperature, humidity, air pressure as per the regulatory requirements with the help of HVAC system. (actrec.gov.in)
  • The ground floor houses majority the service areas (dehusking, washing, autoclaving, storage of animal feed and bedding material), procedure room for infectious studies (BSL2), and quarantine rooms for rodents and rabbits. (org.in)
  • In the liver, SHR-1 congenic rats showed a significantly increased level of 5mTHF and decreased concentrations of dihydrofolate (DHF), tetrahydrofolate (THF) and formyl-THF when compared to the SHR strain. (bvsalud.org)
  • A second QTL, Eutr2 was mapped to the same region of chromosome 5 through characterization of DES treated congenic rats in which BN alleles across proximal chromosome 5 were introgressed onto the F344 genetic background. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • QTL associated with regression of testes induced by DES were identified on chromosomes 1 and 7 in recombinant inbred male rats. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Adverse Effects of Repeated, Intravenous Morphine on Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Young, Male Rats Are Blocked by a Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist. (tamu.edu)
  • Next, we used the clone-derived virus progeny to infect several inbred and outbred rat strains. (elsevierpure.com)
  • When pituitary weight was used as a phenotypic indicator of estrogen stimulated lactotroph proliferation, five QTL were identified upon characterization of DES treated female F2 progeny generated in an intercross between F344 and BN rats. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • One additional QTL was mapped during characterization of backcross progeny generated using these same strains. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • In F18 progeny, a rat which did not have tm mutation was separated and established as a control strain of WTC (NBRP No.0020). (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Long-term exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) increased ductal branching to a similar extent in wild type BALB/cJ and 129/SvEv female mice but no mammary tumors were observed in either strain. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Histamine-induced microvascular leakage in pial venules: differences between the SJL/J and BALB/c inbred strains of mice. (tamu.edu)
  • For instance, using a rat model of depression known as congenital helplessness (cLH), researchers have shown that rats with depression-like symptomatology perform poorly in this task [6]. (noldus.com)
  • Assessment of depression in a rodent model of spinal cord injury. (tamu.edu)
  • Castagné V, Moser P, Roux S, Porsolt RD. Rodent models of depression: forced swim and tail suspension behavioral despair tests in rats and mice. (ijbcp.com)
  • Once in every six months i.e. in February and August every year, randomly selected serum samples are screened for rodent pathogens such as E. cuniculi (EC), Hantan Virus (HV), Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating virus (LDHV), Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV), Minute Virus of Mice (MVM), Mycoplasma pulmonis (MP), Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM) and Mouse Hepatitis Viurs (MHV) using ELISA-based ready to use kits. (actrec.gov.in)
  • In order to include few new rodent pathogens, the list of the rodent pathogens tested by ELISA methods changes every year. (actrec.gov.in)
  • Influence of rack design and disease prevalence on detection of rodent pathogens in exhaust debris samples from individually ventilated caging systems. (idexxbioanalytics.com)
  • Many rodent strains have been developed for a variety of disease models, and they are also often used to test drug toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1982. Acute inhalation toxicity of ammonia in rats with variable exposure periods. (cdc.gov)
  • Welfare in Europe and Japan, for immuno- ods for developmental neurotoxicity and System toxicity testing in adult rodents. (cdc.gov)
  • The starting animal line can be from an inbred strain or outbred stock, a commercially-available GEM strain, or a novel GEM designed to mimic relevant human mutations. (cnybac.com)
  • Experimental rodent models play a central role in cardiovascular disease research by effectively simulating human cardiovascular diseases. (springer.com)
  • A number of studies have indicated that CR can increase the lifespan (50-300%) and reduce the onset of age-related diseases in a variety of organisms (e.g. rats, mice, flies, worms, and yeast). (longevitywiki.org)
  • A total of 337 F344 rats,20 Sprague Dawley rats, and 40 OF1 mice were all given initiating dose(s) of colon carcinogen, and were randomly allocated to experimental groups 7 d later. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A three-day PEG treatment was sufficient to halve the number of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in F344 rats ( P = 0.0006). (aacrjournals.org)
  • PEG was active in F344 rats, in Sprague Dawley rats ( P =0.0005), and in OF1 mice ( P = 0.001). (aacrjournals.org)
  • In rats, the F433 strain was most responsive in pituitary and uterine tissues, but DES-induced thymic regression was greatest in the SD strain compared to F344 and BN. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Alternatively, humans and rodents may show positive adaptation to adversity. (edge.org)
  • When the use of laboratory animal is obligatory, the most appropriate specie, breed, and strain with the closest homology to humans must be chosen. (ommegaonline.org)
  • We conclude that although rats and opossums share many similar characteristics, including ecological niche, their divergent evolutionary heritage results in vastly different behavioral capabilities. (researchgate.net)
  • The present study further ana- lyzed behavioral correlates of two novel breeding lines of rats, Carioca high-and low-conditioned freez- ing (CHF and CLF), based on defensive freezing responses to contextual cues previously associated with electric footshock. (bvsalud.org)
  • 5-7 spike-and-wave complex associated with behavioral absence-like seizure starts at about 14 weeks of age in tm / tm rats and at about 26 weeks of age in tm /+ rats (Serikawa,1987 and Higashiguchi, 1991). (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • With collaborators, we are exploring the behavioral and anatomic consequences of induced malformations by testing rats in various auditory discrimination paradigms and subsequent examination of their brains. (dyslexialab.net)
  • However, lesions to the amygdala and frontal cortex caused deleterious effects on performance only in the C57 strain, indicating that perhaps the enhanced learning seen in these mice is due to participation from these brain regions in addition to the normally recruited hippocampal activity. (noldus.com)
  • In contrast, FXGs are found in rats throughout life in both hippocampal and olfactory bulb circuits while recapitulating the developmental downregulation in other forebrain regions seen in mice. (biorxiv.org)
  • The normotensive (Wistar) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were examined to assess the response of the organism to selenium (Se) overdose. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 1980, a spontaneous tremor mutant rat was found in the colony of Kyo:Wistar (Yamada, 1985). (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Forced swim test (FST) in adult male Wistar rats and tail suspension test (TST) in adult male Swiss albino mice were used to investigate antidepressant activity of vitamin D administered in single dose and multiple doses. (ijbcp.com)
  • a half of the animals was supplemented with vitamin E. The results showed significant differences in the Se contents between the rat strains in case of Se-overdosed groups, where in the liver and kidney tissue Se contents of SHR rats exceeded 3- and 7-fold the normotensive ones. (bvsalud.org)
  • Activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the animal tissues indicating different patterns according to rat strain, tissue analysed, and administered Se dose. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, strains of rodents appear to have adopted different strategies to achieve tissue homeostasis. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Results of non-injury pinprick are controversial [ 22 ], and interpretation of long-term outcomes is complicated because of the unknown influence of tissue injury per se, impact of rodent handling and temporary separations from siblings and mother. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Majority of the rodent strains are bred under strictly inbred conditions. (actrec.gov.in)
  • [3] I think the vast majority of the animals used in research are rodents, but it's hard to know for sure given the U.S.'s exclusion of rats and mice from reporting requirements. (erichgrunewald.com)
  • Interestingly, researchers have noted significant differences in performance in the radial arm maze between different strains of mouse, specifically regarding which areas of the brain are used in completing the task. (noldus.com)
  • Strains of rodents exhibit striking differences in their responses to endogenous ovarian estrogens (primarily 17β-estradiol). (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Such differences in emotionality responses in the 10th generation of selected rats further indicate a possible use of this model to study correlations between trait anxiety and defen- sive reactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Authors argued that strong differences in longevity were not noted possibly because wild animals have a higher genetic variation than inbred mice, which could affect CR strength. (longevitywiki.org)
  • Genetic differences in the tail-suspension test and its relationship to imipramine response among 11 inbred strains of mice. (ijbcp.com)
  • A given inbred rodent population is considered genetically identical after 20 generations of sibling-mating. (wikipedia.org)
  • A growing body of work now effectively models this "twins raised apart" situation in genetically identical strains of inbred mice or genetically similar rats. (edge.org)
  • In other models, the rodent pups are separated from the mother for portions of the day or are housed alone after weaning. (edge.org)
  • There are many preclinical models of NASH, using both rats and mice, and novel models continue to be developed. (cnybac.com)
  • Advances on Genetic Rat Models of Epilepsy. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • even Na v 1.3, known to be upregulated in rat neuropathic pain models, was lower in the SNI mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of mammary ductal growth and branching in 43 strains of inbred mice identified 20 QTL. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • The data demonstrate extensive genetic variation in regulation of estrogen signaling in rodent mammary tissues that alters susceptibility to tumors. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • ACI rats also developed mammary tumors with chronic exposure to 17β-estradiol or DES. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • In contrast, ACI rats have a persistent proliferative response to DES in mammary epithelium without a compensatory increase in apoptosis and was associated with extensive hyperplasia. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • L. C. Strong breeds a Bagg albino with an albino from Little 's stock and starts the first of many tumor-prone strains, called the A strain, known for mammary and lung tumors. (jax.org)
  • Our recent genetic analyses in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) revealed mutated Folr1 (folate receptor 1) on chromosome 1 as a quantitative trait gene associated with reduced folate levels, hypercysteinemia and metabolic disturbances. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our recent genetic analyses in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) revealed a mutated Folr1 (folate receptor 1) as the quantitative trait gene associated with diminished renal Folr1 expression, lower plasma folate levels, hypercysteinemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and metabolic disturbances. (bvsalud.org)
  • CNS Pathology in the neurological mutant rats zitter, tremor and zitter-tremor double mutant (spontaneously epileptic rat, SER). (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • New viral strains can be created due to mutation or swapping of genetic components when two or more viruses infect the same cell in nature. (wikipedia.org)
  • We used site-directed and random mutagenesis to determine that only the first of the two microRNA-122 seed sites in the viral 5′ untranslated region is required for viral replication and persistence in rats. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusion: We developed RHV-rn1-infected rats as a fully immunocompetent and informative surrogate model to delineate the mechanisms of HCV-related viral persistence, immunity, and pathogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A laboratory mouse or rat strain is a group of animals that is genetically uniform. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on the requirements of the approved research protocol, the ACRC imports new strains of animals from commercial suppliers and/or collaborators from abroad. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Listing of the strains of these animals can be viewed by clicking here- "Strains" . (actrec.gov.in)
  • A stringent program for clinico-pathology, microbiology, genetic monitoring of the laboratory rodents and animal feed ensures quality control of the animals. (actrec.gov.in)
  • FXGs were previously identified in mouse, rat, and human brains in a conserved subset of neuronal circuits but with species-dependent developmental profiles. (biorxiv.org)
  • A developmental analysis of rodents revealed that FXG expression in frontal cortex and olfactory bulb followed consistent patterns in all species examined. (biorxiv.org)
  • All the Rodent animal rooms have a controlled environment with 20-22'c temperature, 50-60 relative humidity, 0.3 micron HEPA filtered air supply at 15-20 ACPH and 14/10 light/dark cycle maintained. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Embryo transfer (ET) is an essential reproductive technology for the production of new animal strains and maintenance of genetic resources. (nature.com)
  • The main activity of the Laboratory Animal Facility is to breed, maintain and supply quality rodents to in-house researchers, as per the sanction from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). (actrec.gov.in)
  • The weekly sampling schedule is devised such a way that every 12 weeks representative animal from all the strains are covered under the conventional microbiology testing. (actrec.gov.in)
  • I got some (legitimate) pushback on this, stating essentially that while rodents aren't covered by the Animal Welfare Act, their use is now regulated by the NIH . (erichgrunewald.com)
  • This grant is focused on enabling the NCBS/inStem/C-CAMP biocluster to build a unique shared state-of-the-art SPF mouse facility and a rat facility where the needs of researchers within our campus as well as nationwide are addressed. (ncbs.res.in)
  • A lesion to the commonly known location of memory function, the hippocampus [5], causes significant deficits in performance in either the C57 strain or the DBA strain of mouse. (noldus.com)
  • Antidepressant-like effects of nicotine and mecamylamine in the mouse forced swim and tail suspension tests: role of strain, test and sex. (ijbcp.com)
  • Effect of mouse strain and age on detection of mouse parvovirus 1 by use of serologic testing and polymerase chain reaction analysis. (idexxbioanalytics.com)
  • Efficacy of soiled bedding transfer for transmission of mouse and rat infections to sentinels: a systematic review. (idexxbioanalytics.com)
  • Koji Urano introduced the features of the rasH2™ mouse model and compared it to the two-year rat bioassay in terms of cost, study duration, and accuracy. (taconic.com)
  • Her presentation concluded with suggestions for using the rasH2™ mouse model as part of the Weight of Evidence (WOE) when submitting a Carcinogenicity Assessment Document (CAD) and requesting a waiver of the two-year rat study from drug regulatory agencies. (taconic.com)
  • These SOT sessions were a great prelude to the IQ Consortium webinar on progress toward revision of the ICH S1 Rodent Carcinogenicity Testing guidelines , which included presentations on industry experience with the rasH2™ mouse model, the quality of the rasH2™ mouse model, and what role this model can play in the future of carcinogenicity testing. (taconic.com)
  • Strains are also commonly referred to within virology, botany, and with rodents used in experimental studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • More recent studies, including some from my own lab, find that early life adversity can also impact how rodents think-the way they solve problems and make decisions. (edge.org)
  • These results strongly indicate that the whole body homeostasis of folates is substantially impaired in SHR rats compared to the SHR-1 congenic strain and might be contributing to the associated metabolic disturbances observed in our previous studies. (bvsalud.org)
  • To determine the consistency of this preventive effect, we carried out a long-term study in rats fed the standard American Institute of Nutrition 1976 diet, and 7 short-term prevention studies in rodents. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The strain is now valued as a source of embryonic stem cells for making knockout mice. (jax.org)
  • Although the biology of response is best characterized in rats, dogs have proven valuable in defining post-operative physiological adaptations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These minimal strains provide a near guarantee that experiments on genes outside the minimal framework will not be effected by non-essential pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Strains are used in laboratory experiments. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, when comparing the inbred strains C57 and DBA, researchers discovered that dependence on either the hippocampus, amygdala or frontal cortex are differentially important between the strains [4]. (noldus.com)
  • Positions of QTL regulated responses to estrogens in 5 tissues in rats featured image credit figure/F1 . (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the intrahepatic response during RHV-rn1 infection in rats mirrors that of HCV infection, including persistent activation of interferon signaling pathways. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The implication is that the UMN researchers have treated the Linux kernel maintainers badly and that, unlike lab rats, the maintainers have thereby been wronged. (erichgrunewald.com)
  • These results strongly suggest that, in addition to Folr1, the Folh1 gene also plays an important role in folate and sulfur amino acid levels and affects glucose and lipid metabolism in the rat. (bvsalud.org)
  • In biology, a strain is a genetic variant, a subtype or a culture within a biological species. (wikipedia.org)
  • In biotechnology, microbial strains have been constructed to establish metabolic pathways suitable for treating a variety of applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Metabolic acetate therapy improves phenotype in the tremor rat model of Canavan disease. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • For example, a "flu strain" is a certain biological form of the influenza or "flu" virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pharmacological Transection of Brain-Spinal Cord Communication Blocks Pain-Induced Hemorrhage and Locomotor Deficits after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. (tamu.edu)
  • A strain is a designated group of offspring that are either descended from a modified plant (produced by conventional breeding or by biotechnological means), or which result from genetic mutation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Association of a mutation in TRPV3 with defective hair growth in rodents. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Strains are often seen as inherently artificial concepts, characterized by a specific intent for genetic isolation. (wikipedia.org)
  • We developed a method, named Easy-ET, to induce pseudopregnancy in female rats by artificial stimulation using sonic vibration instead of mating with vasectomized males. (nature.com)