NRTIsInhibitorStavudineInhibitorsRetrovirAntiretroviralEfavirenzNevirapineStop taking zidLamivudine and zidovudineTake zidovudineInfectionPharmacist if you are allergicEnzymeMyopathyRegimensViralMutationsApproved in 1987HypersensitivityDoctor or pharmacistPatientsDrugsTRIZIVIRTabletsResistanceMethadoneInfectionsDoseTabletToxicityDrugTreatmentTherapyHuman immunOral
NRTIs10
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block the action of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which HIV needs to replicate. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Zidovudine is in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). (medlineplus.gov)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine are in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). (epnet.com)
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) such as AZT (zidovudine)-the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to prolong the lives of AIDS patients-act by terminating the proviral DNA chain before the enzyme can finish transcription. (britannica.com)
- NRTIs are often given in combination with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) such as efavirenz that act by binding to and altering the shape of the enzyme itself, thereby blocking the enzyme's function. (britannica.com)
- zidovudine or stavudine and lamivudine) and one nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nevirapine or efavirenz), while second line consists of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir with two NRTIs. (uspharmacist.com)
- Our model correctly predicts for HIV-1 that resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be conferred by decreasing their incorporation rate, increasing their excision rate, or decreasing their affinity for the polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
- A section of the drug known as Zidovudine, also known as AZT which is a part of Nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors NRTIs were the first of their kind to serve as a treatment for HIV. (healthjockey.com)
- The purpose of this study is to determine whether an anti-HIV treatment regimen of 2 protease inhibitors (PIs) and 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is more effective than a regimen of 4 NRTIs in treatment-experienced children and adolescents who have failed previous anti-HIV treatment. (drugpatentwatch.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine belong to a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). (rxhealthmed.ca)
Inhibitor17
- ZDV is of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class. (wikipedia.org)
- Cochrane Abstracts , Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/432835/all/Tenofovir_or_zidovudine_in_three_drug_combination_therapy_with_one_nucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitor_and_one_non_nucleoside_reverse_transcriptase_inhibitor_for_initial_treatment_of_HIV_infection_in_antiretroviral_na��ve_individuals:_Cochrane_systematic_review. (unboundmedicine.com)
- This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of switching HIV-infected patients with stable viral suppression on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI/NRTI) therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy. (researchgate.net)
- Stavudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is FDA approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. (wikidoc.org)
- But focusing on its unique property of reverse transcription, an inhibitor of its reverse transcriptase was found. (unr.edu)
- Trizivir (abacavir sulfate, lamivudine, and zidovudine) is a type of antiviral medication called a reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV , which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ). (rxlist.com)
- VIREAD is a nucleotide analog HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an HBV reverse transcriptase inhibitor. (nih.gov)
- This randomized study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of continued treatment with protease inhibitor plus nucleoside-analogue combination regimens (n = 79) or a change to the simplified regimen of abacavir-lamivudine-zidovudine (n = 84) in patients with suppressed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA for ⩾6 months who did not have the reverse transcriptase 215 mutation. (uzh.ch)
- Therapy should involve combinations of drugs-two nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors combined with either a protease inhibitor (PI) or a non-nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. (medscape.com)
- In a systematic review of 30 studies from low-income settings in 2011 [ 5 ], 80% and 88% of children failing first-line ART had 1 or more International AIDS Society (IAS)-USA major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance-associated mutations, respectively. (prolekare.cz)
- We characterized 16 additional mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) whose role in drug resistance is still unknown by analyzing 1,906 plasma-derived HIV-1 subtype B pol sequences from 551 drug-naïve patients and 1,355 nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI)-treated patients. (mpg.de)
- It is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or nuke. (aids.org)
- fewer TB diagnoses were observed in children on maintenance triple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) ART compared to standard non-NRTI + 2NRTI. (biomedcentral.com)
- Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. (nih.gov)
- Recommendations for PEP have been modified to include a basic 4-week regimen of two drugs (zidovudine and lamivudine) for most HIV exposures and an expanded regimen that includes the addition of a protease inhibitor (indinavir or nelfinavir) for HIV exposures that pose an increased risk for transmission or where resistance to one or more of the antiretroviral agents recommended for PEP is known or suspected. (cdc.gov)
- The mean time on ART was 75.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69.0-81.9 months), and 93.7% of the patients were receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens. (who.int)
- The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. (bvsalud.org)
Stavudine5
- HIV-infected adults enrolled in this cross-sectional study were (a) on ART including zidovudine or stavudine but not non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), (b) on ART including NNRTI, or (c) not on ART. (nih.gov)
- The association between hyperlactatemia and stavudine with or without didanosine was not biased by these medications being more recently available and, therefore, being given preferentially to patients who had prolonged use of nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. (unige.ch)
- Lamivudine is a rare cause of liver test abnormalities or clinically apparent liver injury in patients with HIV infection without hepatitis B. Although several instances of lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis and liver failure have been reported in patients receiving lamivudine, in all instances other nucleoside analogues more clearly associated with mitochondrial injury [didanosine, stavudine, zalcitrabine, zidovudine] were also being taken. (nih.gov)
- There is a relationship between diabetes and re-exposure to HAART, especially among individuals under therapy with stavudine, zidovudine, didanosine, and indinavir, while the risk is reduced in case of exposure to ritonavir and nevirapine. (bvsalud.org)
- It was also fueled by the fact that a lot of those early drugs, especially in the 1990s and early 2000s, were quite toxic - drugs like zidovudine (AZT) , stavudine (d4T), didanosine (ddI) , and the early protease inhibitors . (medscape.com)
Inhibitors6
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) bind to reverse transcriptase and prevent HIV from replicating. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- However, the use of rifampin with protease inhibitors or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors is contraindicated. (cdc.gov)
- Through mathematical modeling, we assess the mechanisms by which HIV-1 can develop resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). (plos.org)
- All non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are metabolized in the liver by CYP3A isoenzymes. (medscape.com)
- Nevirapine belongs to the class of antiretroviral medications called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). (pocketpills.com)
- However, if patients are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), rifabutin is preferred because it is less likely to induce cytochrome P-450 metabolic enzymes that lower serum levels of protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. (msdmanuals.com)
Retrovir1
- Zidovudine (Retrovir®, AZT) is a drug used for antiretroviral therapy (ART) . (aids.org)
Antiretroviral4
- Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), is an antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. (wikipedia.org)
- Zidovudine was approved in 1987 as an antiretroviral (ARV) drug for people with HIV infection. (aids.org)
- Lamivudine is also available in multiple fixed combinations with other antiretroviral agents such as zidovudine, abacavir, tenofovir, efavirenz, nevirapine, dolutegravir and others. (nih.gov)
- The antiretroviral coverage during pregnancy was 95.5%, with most (87.8%) wom- en reporting excellent or good adherence. (who.int)
Efavirenz1
- Leading 100% Export Oriented Unit of zidovir tablets (zidovudine), teravir 300mg (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300mg), abamune-l abacavir and lemivudine tablets, lopimune lopinavir tablet, vonaday emtricitabine, efavirenz and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablet and trioday efavirenz, lamivudine & tenofovir tablet from Nagpur. (careexim.in)
Nevirapine1
- Nevirapine prevents reverse transcriptase from working properly. (pocketpills.com)
Stop taking zid2
- Do not stop taking zidovudine without talking to your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you miss doses or stop taking zidovudine, your condition may become more difficult to treat. (medlineplus.gov)
Lamivudine and zidovudine17
- Lamivudine and zidovudine may decrease the number of certain cells in your blood, including red and white blood cells. (epnet.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine may cause muscle disorders, especially when used for a long period of time. (epnet.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine may cause life-threatening damage to the liver and a potentially life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis (buildup of lactic acid in the blood). (epnet.com)
- If you have liver disease your doctor will probably tell you not to take lamivudine and zidovudine. (epnet.com)
- Your doctor may test you to see if you have HBV before you begin your treatment with lamivudine and zidovudine. (epnet.com)
- If you have HBV and you take lamivudine and zidovudine, your condition may suddenly worsen when you stop taking lamivudine and zidovudine. (epnet.com)
- Your doctor will order certain lab tests during and after your treatment to check your body's response to lamivudine and zidovudine. (epnet.com)
- Although the combination of lamivudine and zidovudine does not cure HIV, it may decrease your chance of developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV-related illnesses such as serious infections or cancer. (epnet.com)
- The combination of lamivudine and zidovudine comes as a tablet to take by mouth. (epnet.com)
- Take lamivudine and zidovudine at around the same times every day. (epnet.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine controls HIV infection but does not cure it. (epnet.com)
- or any of the ingredients in lamivudine and zidovudine tablets. (epnet.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine pass into breast milk. (rxlist.com)
- Serious and sometimes fatal hypersensitivity reactions, with multiple organ involvement, have occurred with abacavir, a component of TRIZIVIR (abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine). (rxlist.com)
- Lamivudine and zidovudine are used in combination to treat HIV infection by preventing reverse transcriptase from working properly. (rxhealthmed.ca)
- For adults weighing less than 30 kg (70 pounds), children below 12 years of age, and people with reduced kidney function, it is recommended that lamivudine and zidovudine be taken separately so each medication dose can be adjusted as needed. (rxhealthmed.ca)
- The effectiveness of the medication depends on the right amount of lamivudine and zidovudine in the bloodstream. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Take zidovudine5
- Infants 6 weeks of age and younger may take zidovudine every 6 hours. (medlineplus.gov)
- Take zidovudine exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
- Continue to take zidovudine even if you feel well. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you take zidovudine with other ARV drugs, you can reduce your viral load to extremely low levels, and increase your CD4 cell counts. (aids.org)
- If you take zidovudine and methadone, watch for zidovudine side effects. (aids.org)
Infection5
- Zidovudine is used along with other medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Zidovudine is given to HIV-positive pregnant women to reduce the chance of passing the infection to the baby. (medlineplus.gov)
- Zidovudine controls HIV infection but does not cure it. (medlineplus.gov)
- Zidovudine is also used along with other medications in certain situations to treat healthcare workers and other individuals exposed to HIV infection after accidental contact with HIV-contaminated blood, tissues, or other body fluids. (medlineplus.gov)
- The purpose of this study is to determine the safety of and immune response to CsA when given with abacavir sulfate (ABC), lamivudine (3TC), and zidovudine (AZT), (ABC/3TC/AZT) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) to HIV infected adults in the early stages of infection. (drugpatentwatch.com)
Pharmacist if you are allergic1
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to zidovudine, any other medications, or any of the other ingredients in zidovudine products. (medlineplus.gov)
Enzyme3
- It works by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase that HIV uses to make DNA and therefore decreases replication of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
- This enzyme was named RNA-directed DNA polymerase, commonly referred to as reverse transcriptase. (britannica.com)
- These drugs block the reverse transcriptase enzyme. (aids.org)
Myopathy2
- Symptomatic myopathy associated with prolonged use of zidovudine. (drugs.com)
- The most serious side effects of zidovudine are anemia, myopathy and neutropenia. (aids.org)
Regimens1
- 95% confidence interval, 1.5-4.8), as compared with patients who received zidovudine-based regimens. (unige.ch)
Viral1
- Lamivudine is phosphorylated intracellularly to the triphosphate which competes with the naturally occurring cytidine triphosphate for incorporation into the growing HIV or HBV DNA chain by the viral polymerase, thereby inhibiting polymerase (or reverse transcriptase) activity and causing chain termination. (nih.gov)
Mutations2
- Previous zidovudine monotherapy or dual therapy and archived reverse transcriptase resistance mutations in HIV-1 DNA at baseline were significant predictors of failure. (uzh.ch)
- For zidovudine triphosphate (AZT-TP), we predict that this selective advantage, as well as the minimal concentration required to select thymidine-associated mutations (TAMs) are highly cell-dependent. (plos.org)
Approved in 19871
- It was called zidovudine or AZT, and was approved in 1987 by the FDA for treatment of AIDS. (unr.edu)
Hypersensitivity2
- Hypersensitivity to zidovudine or any of the components (e.g., anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome). (drugs.com)
- HA486 trade name] should not be used for patients with clinically significant hypersensitivity to zidovudine or to any of the components in the formulation. (who.int)
Doctor or pharmacist1
- When your supply of zidovudine starts to run low, get more from your doctor or pharmacist. (medlineplus.gov)
Patients2
- Exacerbation of anemia has been reported in HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients receiving ribavirin and zidovudine. (drugs.com)
- Some patients taking zidovudine continue to have nausea, vomiting, headaches and fatigue. (aids.org)
Drugs3
- Drugs that inhibit reverse transcriptase were the first treatments available to people living with HIV. (britannica.com)
- New drugs have been tested by comparing them to zidovudine. (aids.org)
- Zidovudine can interact with other drugs or supplements you are taking. (aids.org)
TRIZIVIR2
- Zidovudine is also available in Combivir and Trizivir. (aids.org)
- Trizivir contains zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir. (aids.org)
Tablets2
- Zidovudine comes in 100mg capsules and 300mg tablets. (aids.org)
- Each white to off-white, modified capsule-shaped, biconvex, film-coated tablets with deep breakline in between 'J' and '59' on one side and deep breakline on the other side, contains 150 mg of lamivudine and 300 mg of zidovudine. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Resistance2
- It can readily be embedded in extended models of the complete HIV-1 reverse transcription process, or analogous processes in other viruses and help to guide drug development and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of resistance development during treatment. (plos.org)
- Differently, D218E clustered with the NAM2 pathway (D67N+K70R+K219Q+T215F), and its presence in this cluster determined an increase in zidovudine resistance. (mpg.de)
Methadone1
- Methadone may increase blood levels of zidovudine. (aids.org)
Infections1
- Although zidovudine does not cure HIV, it may decrease your chance of developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV-related illnesses such as serious infections or cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
Dose3
- The recommended dose of zidovudine for adults is 500mg to 600mg daily. (aids.org)
- If you get anemia, your health care provider might reduce your dose or switch zidovudine for another ARV. (aids.org)
- The recommended dose for adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older, weighing at least 30 kg, is one tablet (150 mg of lamivudine and 300 mg of zidovudine) twice daily. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Tablet1
- Zidovudine comes as a capsule, tablet, and syrup to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
Toxicity2
- Hematologic toxicity including neutropenia and severe anemia have been associated with the use of zidovudine. (drugs.com)
- Bone marrow suppressive/cytotoxic agents: May increase the hematologic toxicity of zidovudine. (drugs.com)
Drug4
- Zidovudine was the first drug approved for the treatment of HIV. (aids.org)
- Because zidovudine was the first ARV approved, it has been studied more than any other drug. (aids.org)
- If the anemia is severe and you have to keep taking zidovudine, you may need a blood transfusion, or you might take the drug erythropoietin. (aids.org)
- www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51802/all/zidovudine. (drugguide.com)
Treatment2
- Early treatment" with zidovudine was tested in people with no symptoms of HIV disease. (aids.org)
- There is no specific treatment for HAND;however, ART has been used to reverse the disease process and improve cognitive function. (rroij.com)
Therapy1
- But zidovudine is used as part of combination therapy for people who are exposed to HIV through a workplace accident (needle stick or splash). (aids.org)
Human immun1
- Reverse transcriptase is a part of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) required to infect cells and to make more viruses. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Oral1
- The pH of the multisource product was selected on grounds of the limits set for Zidovudine oral solution in the Ph.Int and USP, as well as analysis of the comparator product. (who.int)