StimulusSynapticCortexNeuralAuditoryElicitStimuliPathwaysFunctionalPhotophobiaDisorderResponseLightMechanismsSystemFoundFunctionShowResponsibleResultsLossBrainVisionPresentDecreased visual acuityOphthalmologyRetinalPathway2016ConvertsOpticDegreesNystagmusCylinderUnilateralVelocityImageColorAssessTargetExperienceFieldProgressionContact lensesBeginsHeadProcessImprove visualDevelopmentAreasPatientsInclude
Stimulus4
- Wavelength - the stimulus wavelength matched the maximum sensitivity of rod cells (510 nm). (wikipedia.org)
- Stimulus duration - 0.001 second (1 ms). The researchers found that the emission of only 5-14 photons could elicit visual experience. (wikipedia.org)
- morphine inhibits GABA release ( GABA is specifically responsible for stimulus selectivity and the inhibition of visual neurons ). (visualsnowman.com)
- 16][17] [18] Photophobia is probably a response to protect the retina from the light stimulus, as the threshold is lowered from baseline after concussion. (researchgate.net)
Synaptic2
- We argue that these alterations are responsible for the perturbations in light sensitivity and synaptic transmission. (jneurosci.org)
- The lower Ca 2+ affinity is expected to perturb cone function in terms of light sensitivity and synaptic transmission, consistent with the sisters' visual deficits. (jneurosci.org)
Cortex1
- The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways. (lookformedical.com)
Neural1
- Visual motion drives smooth pursuit eye movements through a sensory-motor decoder that uses multiple parallel neural pathways to transform the population response in extrastriate area MT into movement. (bvsalud.org)
Auditory2
- For example, learning to play the piano requires intensive coupling of the visual cues (reading the music scores and monitoring the finger movements) with the auditory cues (the sounds that the piano makes), which results in a multisensory training that can benefit audio-visual processing and enhance the ability to use this information. (nature.com)
- Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (lookformedical.com)
Elicit1
- Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity. (lookformedical.com)
Stimuli1
- ANOVA results revealed that only the music training group showed a significant improvement in detection of audio-visual temporal discrepancies compared to the other groups for both stimuli (flash-beep and face-voice). (nature.com)
Pathways2
- An imbalance of the magnocellular-parvocellular-koniocellular pathways has also been suggested to contribute to symptoms of visual snow. (visualsnowman.com)
- Area of the OCCIPITAL LOBE concerned with the processing of visual information relayed via VISUAL PATHWAYS. (lookformedical.com)
Functional2
- Because those patients retain some cone function, we reasoned that mutant alleles encode functional channel subunits that alter the human cone visual pathway in characteristic ways. (jneurosci.org)
- On in vitro expression, only A3 T369S forms functional channels that display altered ion permeation, gating, ligand sensitivity, and low apparent affinity for extracellular Ca 2+ . (jneurosci.org)
Photophobia1
- 18,19] Photophobia is one the most common symptoms in both acute and chronic phases of concussion. (researchgate.net)
Disorder1
- In visual snow research, initial connections were made with hallucinogen perception persisting disorder (HPPD) and migraine, although it was later found to be distinct from both of these conditions. (visualsnowman.com)
Response1
- The successful decoder reproduces the measured eye movements by multiplication of 1) the estimate of target speed from the peak of the population response with 2) visual-motor gain based on the amplitude of the population response. (bvsalud.org)
Light6
- In this case the light covers a wide field over an extended period of time instead of being concentrated on one spot on the retina in a short burst. (wikipedia.org)
- Knowing the pupil diameter and the wavelength of the light, the result can be described in terms of luminance (~0.000001 candela per square meter or 10−6 cd/m2) or retinal illuminance (~0.00002 Trolands). (wikipedia.org)
- For white light, the absolute sensitivity found was 5.9 × 10−14 watts / steradian-cm2. (wikipedia.org)
- So the light is not focused on the retina through lens which leads to blurring of vision. (amdavadeyelaser.org)
- While light therapy applied in the daytime is known to have anti-depressive properties, excessive light exposure at night has been reportedly associated with depressive symptoms. (researchgate.net)
- Psychophysical and electroretinographic analyses show that the light sensitivity of the cone system is lowered, and the signal transfer from cones to secondary neurons is perturbed. (jneurosci.org)
Mechanisms1
- Individual model components are based on psychophysically uncovered mechanisms of visual attention and saccadic decision-making. (bvsalud.org)
System2
- Opioid receptors are found throughout the visual system , and opioids can also cause significant changes to vision. (visualsnowman.com)
- In the majority of the countries, optometrists are recognized as primary eye care providers who examine, diagnose, treat and manage various conditions of the visual system and associated structures - including diseases, injuries and disorders. (issuu.com)
Found1
- 8 , 17 found that pianists and drummers have significantly narrower ASW for audio-visual piano and drumming clips respectively. (nature.com)
Function1
- The balance of inhibition to excitation is important for proper visual function and behaviour . (visualsnowman.com)
Show1
- Music involves different senses and is emotional in nature, and musicians show enhanced detection of audio-visual temporal discrepancies and emotion recognition compared to non-musicians. (nature.com)
Responsible1
- Posterior portion of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES responsible for processing visual sensory information. (lookformedical.com)
Results1
- Purpose of Review Concussion frequently results in visual symptoms, necessitating careful neuro-ophthalmic examination. (researchgate.net)
Loss1
- Patients presented with visual field loss or cranial neuropathies require evaluation for structural lesions. (researchgate.net)
Brain1
- Both afferent and efferent visual systems are sensitive to brain injury. (researchgate.net)
Vision1
- This base sensitivity varied only about 0.03 log steps between monocular (one-eyed) or binocular (two eyed) vision. (wikipedia.org)
Present1
- The present review focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, examinations, management, and future directions regarding visual disturbances after concussion. (researchgate.net)
Decreased visual acuity2
- In addition to decreased visual acuity resulting from central depression of the visual field, examination characteristically demonstrates a relative afferent pupillary defect in the affected eye or, in the case of bilateral optic neuritis, the more severely affected eye. (medscape.com)
- [2] People with total color blindness (achromatopsia) may also be uncomfortable in bright environments [2] and have decreased visual acuity . (cloudfront.net)
Ophthalmology2
- After completing her medicine internship at Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, she pursued both her ophthalmology training and retina fellowship at the Wilmer Eye Institute, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. (stanford.edu)
- Her academic achievements have been recognized with numerous national awards including the Heed Ophthalmic Foundation Clinician-Scientist Award, the Ronald Michels Fellowship Foundation Award, the Honor Award from the American Society of Retina Specialists, and the Achievement Award from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. (stanford.edu)
Retinal10
- The use of non-invasive screening, such as retinal imaging and visual testing, may enable earlier diagnosis in the clinical setting, minimizing invasive and expensive investigations. (frontiersin.org)
- Knowing the pupil diameter and the wavelength of the light, the result can be described in terms of luminance (~0.000001 candela per square meter or 10−6 cd/m2) or retinal illuminance (~0.00002 Trolands). (wikipedia.org)
- Retinal slip, i.e. movement of a visual image across the retina, is a powerful signal that can induce adaptation of vestibular responses [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Consecutive atrophy is an ascending type of atrophy (eg, chorioretinitis, pigmentary retinal dystrophy, cerebromacular degeneration) that usually results from diseases of the choroid or the retina. (medscape.com)
- Because RPE65 -associated retinal dystrophy shares common clinical characteristics, such as early-onset severe nyctalopia, nystagmus, low vision, and progressive visual field constriction, with retinitis pigmentosa by other genetic mutations, appropriate genetic testing is essential to make a correct diagnosis. (ekjo.org)
- The mutated product of this gene in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) affects the visual cycle, which leads to a progressive loss of photo-receptors. (ekjo.org)
- In cases with concentric VF narrowing and generalised sensitivity disturbances the VF defect can be described according to alterations by retinal quadrants. (medicpdf.com)
- The importance of these methods is that the retinal function can be tested in detail, and minimal cooperation of the patient is sufficient to obtain objective data on the function of the retina, the visual pathway and the visual cortex. (medicpdf.com)
- In kinetic perimetry, spots of equal retinal sensitivity in the VF are searched for. (medicpdf.com)
- Thus, this method indicates retinal light sensitivity at predetermined locations in the VF. (medicpdf.com)
Pathway7
- 2012). This symptom is caused by a temporary impairment of conduction by demyelinated axons in the afferent visual pathway. (medscape.com)
- The damage may affect different locations along the visual pathway, from the optic nerve to the visual centres of the occipital lobes. (medicpdf.com)
- Beyond characterizing almost all pathological processes in the region, VF defects also help to locate the site of the lesion, as lesions interrupting the function of particular parts of the visual pathway cause specific defects. (medicpdf.com)
- Thus, perimetric examination may indicate the site and extent of damage to the visual pathway. (medicpdf.com)
- The extent of the involvement of the visual pathway may change during the progression of the pathological process. (medicpdf.com)
- For objective detection of the functional alterations in the visual pathway numerous electrophysiological methods have been developed in the past two decades. (medicpdf.com)
- The visual dorsal pathway involves the perception of velocity. (psych.ac.cn)
20162
- Rider A, Nishida S, & Johnston A: Multiple-stage ambiguity in motion perception reveals global computation of local motion directions, Journal of Vision, 16 (15):7, 1-11, 2016. (shitsukan.jp)
- Kawabe T, Nishida S: Seeing jelly: judging elasticity of a transparent object, ACM Symposium on Applied Perception (SAP), 2016. (shitsukan.jp)
Converts2
- Color perception, the process by which the brain receives information from cones in the retina and converts the signals into what we perceive as color vision, is largely a mystery. (nih.gov)
- RPE65 encodes the 65-kDa isomerase of the visual cycle, which converts all- trans -retinyl esters to 11- cis -retinol. (ekjo.org)
Optic7
- Improvement of vision after acute optic neuritis typically begins within 1 month following onset of visual symptoms. (medscape.com)
- While patients with optic neuritis often are said to have 'good recovery,' with 95% of eyes achieving 20/40 or better HCVA, more sensitive measures indicate that visual recovery often is incomplete. (medscape.com)
- Despite recovery of static measures of visual function, there may be impaired motion perception following optic neuritis-clinically known as the Pulfrich phenomenon. (medscape.com)
- Symptoms of simulator sickness were recorded by 9 healthy adult subjects after they performed gaze shifting tasks to locate targets superimposed on an optic flow background. (biomedcentral.com)
- The incidence of symptoms of simulator sickness while subjects performed gaze shifts in an optic flow environment was lower than the average reported incidence for flight simulators. (biomedcentral.com)
- 1] Clinically, optic atrophy manifests as changes in the color and the structure of the optic disc (cupping) associated with variable degrees of visual dysfunction. (medscape.com)
- The optic nerve comprises of approximately 1.2 million axons that originate at the ganglion cell layer of the retina. (medscape.com)
Degrees2
- Roughly this degree of eccentricity (about 20 degrees) has the highest rod density across the whole retina. (wikipedia.org)
- However, the corresponding location on the right retina, 20 degrees to the left, is very near the blind spot. (wikipedia.org)
Nystagmus1
- The diagnosis of achromatopsia is established in a proband through clinical and family history, examination for nystagmus, visual acuity testing, color vision assessment, and fundoscopic examination. (nih.gov)
Cylinder3
- We used Electron Gamma Shower 5 (EGS5) code to simulate a point source at different positions inside the sensitive volume of tomograph and the axial and radial variations in the sensitivity are studied in air and phantom equivalent water cylinder. (nih.gov)
- An average sensitivity difference of 34% in axial direction and 24.6% in radial direction is observed when point source is displaced inside water cylinder instead of air. (nih.gov)
- Viewing a psychophysical paradigm that shows a rotating cylinder, subjects were asked to report their perception of rotation. (psych.ac.cn)
Unilateral1
- were able to reduce symptoms in 87% of patients who had chronic unilateral peripheral vestibular loss for at least 2 months [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Velocity2
- The algorithm introduces a velocity potential field, visual field constraints and joint position limit constraints into the traditional artificial potential field method. (prelekara.sk)
- To get a whole picture of velocity processing for visual brain areas across speeds, we recorded single units in V1, MT, and MST in alert macaques for dots, gratings, and plaids. (psych.ac.cn)
Image2
- To find the measurement time required to obtain reasonable counts for image reconstruction, the most important parameter is the sensitivity of the system. (nih.gov)
- The eye uses a photoreceptor system to process circadian time that is independent of the one it uses for image perception. (arizona.edu)
Color2
- NEI researchers have decoded brain maps of human color perception and learned how color processing is organized in the brain. (nih.gov)
- These results reveal new insights into the physiological basis for color and how brain activity measurements can be used to model color perception. (nih.gov)
Assess1
- As the number of patients in clinics increases in the coming decades and as we, hopefully, have treatments for GA, it will be important to understand how the disease is classified, how disease progression is quantified, and the best ways to assess visual loss due to GA. (ophthalmologybreakingnews.com)
Target2
- The luminance and the size of the target can be changed to plot different isopters. (medicpdf.com)
- In the present study, we aimed to investigate the question of automatic order processing in a difficult visual task where participants identified one among two possible target luminances. (bvsalud.org)
Experience1
- Consequently, VR could allow persons with vestibular disorders to experience graded exposure to symptom-provoking situations in a controlled environment. (biomedcentral.com)
Field2
- Interpretation of the visual field (VF) is a key part of ophthalmic and neurological examinations. (medicpdf.com)
- The visual field constraints and joint position limit constraints are utilized to ensure the efficiency of the visual servo control and the movement of the spray arm. (prelekara.sk)
Progression1
- Importantly, neuropathological progression occurs in the eye as well as the brain, and multiple visual changes have been noted in both human and animal models of AD. (frontiersin.org)
Contact lenses1
- To investigate whether optical correction could reduce the delay in observers with myopia or anisomyopia, we also measured their delay using the same visual task after they were been optically corrected with contact lenses. (psych.ac.cn)
Begins1
- Anterograde degeneration (Wallerian degeneration) - Degeneration begins in the retina and proceeds toward the lateral geniculate body (eg, toxic retinopathy, chronic simple glaucoma). (medscape.com)
Head2
- These common symptoms may be caused by abnormalities in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain during head movements. (biomedcentral.com)
- At Hopkins, she was Head of the Retina Fellowship Training Program and she conducted cutting edge research to develop more effective therapies for diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. (stanford.edu)
Process1
- They tried to measure the minimum number of photons the human eye can detect 60% of the time, using the following controls: Dark adaptation - the participants were completely dark adapted (a process lasting forty minutes) to optimise their visual sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
Improve visual1
- 1992), there are no treatments that improve visual outcomes in general. (medscape.com)
Development1
- The study may also have implications for the development of machine-brain interfaces for visual prosthetics. (nih.gov)
Areas1
- By connecting these areas of equal sensitivity, an isopter is defined. (medicpdf.com)
Patients2
- The current study aims at finding an objective neuropsychological equivalent of racing thoughts in a mixed group of BD patients and healthy controls by using a bistable perception paradigm. (bvsalud.org)
- En face OCT imaging can be used to educate the patients in clinic environment. (ophthalmologybreakingnews.com)
Include1
- These include the standard electroretinography (ERG), multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), pattern electroretinography (PERG), visual evoked potential (VEP) and the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP). (medicpdf.com)