• Pyruvate kinase deficiency, one of the most common enzymatic defects of the erythrocyte, manifests clinically as a hemolytic anemia that can range from a mildly compensated anemia to severe anemia of childhood. (medscape.com)
  • The birth history of patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency may include severe anemia, severe jaundice,[8] kernicterus, and a history of exchange transfusion. (medscape.com)
  • Mitapivat is the first disease-modifying therapy approved for hemolytic anemia in adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a rare recessive congenital hemolytic anemia caused by mutations in the PKLR gene. (bvsalud.org)
  • We studied the molecular features of nine unrelated Argentinian patients with congenital hemolytic anemia associated with erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency. (bvsalud.org)
  • 7 For example, the physical functioning and vitality scores in women with postpartum anemia compare to scores seen with congestive heart failure, chronic renal disease and cancer patients. (glowm.com)
  • For example, patients with sickle cell anemia who already have chronic anemia may develop additional acute anemia due to bone marrow failure (aplastic crisis). (medscape.com)
  • Aplastic crisis - The so-called aplastic crisis may occur in any patients with chronic hemolytic anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Folate deficiency - Avoid folic acid deficiency by using supplementation in any patient with chronic hemolytic anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Supplemental folic acid is used extensively in individuals with hemolytic anemia to prevent the development of megaloblastic anemia. (medscape.com)
  • MCV, as well as MCH and MCHC, reflect average values and may not adequately reflect RBC changes where mixed RBC populations are present, such as dimorphic RBC populations in sideroblastic anemia or combined iron deficiency anemia (decreased MCV and MCH) and megaloblastic anemia (increased MCV). (medscape.com)
  • Most affected individuals do not require treatment, although in the most severe cases, death may occur in utero as a result of severe anemia. (medscape.com)
  • An increased RDW is a measure of anisocytosis that can occur in hemolytic anemias. (medscape.com)
  • Along with the differential count, a CBC can help diagnose hematologic malignancies and other hematologic disorders. (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, pregnant women with even mild anemia have increased perinatal mortality and early neonatal mortality largely associated with preterm birth and growth restriction. (glowm.com)
  • Splenectomy is indicated only for patients with severe anemia. (medscape.com)
  • An exception is acute anemia that occurs in patients with existing chronic anemia. (medscape.com)
  • For example, a retrospective study by Aljomah et al found that in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 67.31% had anemia at diagnosis, with 38.46% having anemia of chronic disease by itself and 28.85% having iron deficiency anemia alone or suffering from both iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Iron overload - Monitor patients with primary chronic anemias to avoid iron overload (which can sometimes arise because of increased iron absorption, even in the absence of chronic transfusions) or expansion of the marrow cavity, as with thalassemia. (medscape.com)
  • Patients who are usually well compensated for anemia may develop heart failure due to the sudden drop in hemoglobin. (medscape.com)
  • Cerebral oxygen reduction - A study by Vu et al indicated that in patients with chronic anemia, the cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) are reduced compared with controls. (medscape.com)
  • However, the MCV also may be elevated in patients with high reticulocyte counts since these cells are larger than mature RBCs. (medscape.com)
  • Frequently it is described as "physiologic anemia" which again serves to disabuse healthcare providers as well as patients and their families from the notion that anemia during gestation is abnormal. (glowm.com)
  • Anemia among women of reproductive age is so common that healthcare providers may consider it the norm, while epidemiologists note it as a marker for healthcare quality, and sociologists index it to disadvantaged populations. (glowm.com)
  • Primary chronic anemias are the true chronic anemias, in which anemia (defined as a hemoglobin level more than 2 standard deviations below the mean reference value for age) is part of the basic disease process. (medscape.com)
  • 3 Delivery itself is a factor as up to 20% of women with normal hemoglobin values in the last trimester of pregnancy, were discovered to have anemia at their first postpartum visit. (glowm.com)
  • 11 , 12 , 13 Anemia has also been linked to postpartum depression 14 and, if severe, can be related to cardiovascular symptoms, dizziness, and need for prolonged hospitalization. (glowm.com)
  • 18 In summary, as providers we seem to have a problem with pregnancy associated anemia as we do not consider it to be an abnormality until it becomes quite severe. (glowm.com)
  • 15 Cognitive functions and emotional distress have also been noted in women with anemia, 16 while more symptoms of depression such as "postpartum blues" and a reduced sense of well being are demonstrated compared to nonanemic women. (glowm.com)
  • Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) laboratory test, as part of a standard complete blood count (CBC), is used along with other RBC indices (MCH and MCHC) to help classify the cause of anemia based on red cell morphology. (medscape.com)
  • The platelet count usually is normal in most hemolytic anemias. (medscape.com)
  • Anemia during pregnancy, as noted in this chapter, is even more likely to be labelled as normal since hemodilution takes place during the first and second trimester as plasma volume increases disproportionately to red cell mass. (glowm.com)
  • 17 Unfortunately, available data suggest that most pregnant women are judged to be at low risk for anemia during pregnancy or during the postpartum period and therefore, the CDC, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and the Institute of Medicine recommend anemia screening at 4-6 weeks of postpartum only for those considered to be at "high risk" of developing anemia. (glowm.com)
  • however, anemia that lasts only 2 months (eg, iron deficiency that is being treated) should also be considered chronic anemia, and the reasons for it must be sought. (medscape.com)
  • 8 , 9 , 10 After correction of the postpartum anemia with carboxymatose iron infusion, physical function and vitality scores equalled or exceeded those in the general population without anemia. (glowm.com)
  • There are also quality of life issues associated with maternal anemia that are comparable to those seen in individuals with serious chronic diseases, such as difficulty in concentration, cognition, disturbed mother-infant interactions, and depression. (glowm.com)
  • The basic disease process is hematologic (eg, sickle cell disease, HS), and the degree of anemia varies markedly from etiology to etiology and from patient to patient, even with the same etiology. (medscape.com)
  • 4 Among low income women, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found the prevalence of anemia to increase with gestation, noting 8%, 12%, and 29% in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively. (glowm.com)
  • Moreover, CMRO 2 impairment corresponded with anemia severity, "independent of transfusion status and anemia subtype. (medscape.com)
  • Complications that pose a threat to long-term health are often a function of the primary condition that is causing secondary anemia. (medscape.com)
  • 7 Postpartum fatigue and reduced immune function associated with increased risks for infection were also shown to have a relationship with anemia. (glowm.com)