Results macrophages. Medical search. Frequent questions

The primary aim of the present study was to determine the immunological phenotype of NSCLC-associated macrophages. (ersjournals.com)
CD68 + macrophages expressing markers of a cytotoxic M1 phenotype or a noncytotoxic M2 phenotype were identified in the islets and stroma of surgically resected tumours from 20 patients with extended survival (median 92.7 months) and 20 with poor survival (median 7.7 months), using immunohistochemistry. (ersjournals.com)
Macrophages infiltrating the tumour islets in nonsmall cell lung cancer were predominantly of the M1 phenotype in patients with extended survival. (ersjournals.com)
The M1 phenotype (classically activated) macrophages are thought to be induced by interferon-γ, with or without lipopolysaccharide and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and exert a cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. (ersjournals.com)
Additionally, M2 macrophages have been traditionally thought of as being the predominant macrophage phenotype in solid tumours (tumour-associated macrophages). (ersjournals.com)
Low AKR1B10 expression induced M2 macrophage polarization and promoted the malignant phenotype of GC. (portlandpress.com)
Bifurcation and sensitivity analyses show that external signaling cues are necessary for macrophage commitment and emergence to a phenotype, but that the intrinsic macrophage metabolism is equally important. (biorxiv.org)
On one end of the phenotype spectrum, M1-like macrophages are classically activated by the cytokine interferon γ (IFN γ ) or by an endotoxin directly [ 30 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Therefore, the phenotype expressed by a macrophage is identified through the specific STAT activation. (biorxiv.org)
Alternative polarization with interleukin-4 and IL-13 led to a macrophage phenotype characterized by increased tissue factor (TF) production and release and by an increase in extracellular vesicle production. (haematologica.org)
In conclusion, we provide evidence that proinflammatory polarization of macrophages does not lead to enhanced procoagulatory function, whereas alternative polarization of macrophages leads to an increased expression of TF and increased production of TF bearing extracellular vesicles by these cells suggesting a procoagulatory phenotype of alternatively polarized macrophages. (haematologica.org)
This macrophage polarization can be simulated in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation for a proinflammatory subset termed classical activation and stimulation with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 for an alternative polarization phenotype. (haematologica.org)
4 Upon polarization, macrophages react to the respective stimulus with the expression of a distinct phenotype. (haematologica.org)
Cardiac macrophages are heterogenous in phenotype and functions, which has been associated with differences in their ontogeny. (elifesciences.org)
We aimed to characterize macrophage phenotype and function in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in relation to insulin resistance in obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
No significant differences in gene expression of classical polarisation markers were found in ATMs, however differential gene expression of proteins involved in macrophage function and phenotype was found in Trib3KO BMDMs compared to wild type results among the different polarisation states. (bmj.com)
Conclusion The results obtained in this pilot study suggest a role for Trib3 in macrophages due to expression differences measured in Trib3 deficient BMDMs, linked to a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. (bmj.com)
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the macrophage phenotype switch from M0 to M1 is critical in the clearance of intracellular mycobacteria during Mycobacterium bovis infection. (researchsquare.com)
The relationship between monocyte subset and macrophage phenotype is still to be resolved, however tissue macrophages clearly have diverse functions and are key inflammatory mediators [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These studies indicate that phenotype, as opposed to quantity, of infiltrating macrophages correlates with protection against pulmonary C. neoformans infection. (elsevierpure.com)
Background: Decreasing the proinflammatory M1 macrophages or shifting the polarization status from M1 to M2 phenotype is thought to be beneficial for tendon-to-bone healing. (ox.ac.uk)
Hypothesis: ACLR using IP-HT graft would facilitate the phenotype shift from M1 to M2 macrophages at the tendon-to-bone interface. (ox.ac.uk)

While macrophage-induced inflammation is crucial for the response to pathogen infection, excessive or sustained inflammation can cause tissue damage and may lead to different conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and tumors 2 . (nature.com)
Therefore, studying the correlation between inflammation and macrophage mitochondrial function could lead to a better understanding of the link between inflammation and diseases. (nature.com)
Using mice with an engineered ERCC1-XPF defect in tissue-infiltrating macrophages, we provide evidence for a fundamental mechanism by which irreparable DNA damage triggers an exosome-based, metabolic reprogramming that leads to chronic inflammation and tissue pathology in NER progeroid syndromes and likely also during aging. (nature.com)
Once activated, M1-like macrophages release cytokines that inhibit the proliferation of nearby cells (including cancer cells) and initiate inflammation and an immune response. (biorxiv.org)
2 Upon inflammation, the pool of resident macrophages gets quickly replaced by macrophages derived from circulating monocytes. (haematologica.org)
The meeting will also highlight recent work on macrophage inflammation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and work from recently-funded NIMH, NIDA, and NINDS investigators. (nih.gov)
A panel will discuss research gaps and priorities related to human macrophage reservoirs and inflammation/comorbidities and treatment strategies for HIV remission and cure. (nih.gov)
MSCs are reported to contribute both to the inflammation initiation and to its resolution via complex cross talk with immune cells, most importantly macrophages [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of macrophages into different states is a finely tuned process essential for proper resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. (biomedcentral.com)
The metabolic and immune responses to obesity affect many organs and particularly the adipose tissue where macrophages are key effector cells modulating inflammation through the signals received from adipocytes. (bmj.com)
Using a variety of techniques, including molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, mouse models and more, we study the role of IL-4/IL-13 signaling in asthma and allergic disease, as well as the role of alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
Macrophages are phagocytes found in tissues and maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation, and play a significant role in host protection. (frontiersin.org)
We aimed to study if M2 macrophage-like cell transplantation could reduce the inflammation in salivary glands in Sjogren's syndrome mouse models. (nii.ac.jp)
Furthermore, we determined the major components of GLSP triterpenes, including Ganoderic acid A, Ganoderic acid B, Ganoderic acid C6, Ganoderic acid G, and Ganodermanontriol, and found that these triterpenes promoted ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux and inhibited inflammation in macrophage, and inactivated RUNX2-mediated osteogenesis in VSMC. (thno.org)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells, such as macrophages, to recognize a wide variety of microbial ligands, thereby promoting inflammation. (bsz-bw.de)
However, pulmonary infection in mice with C. neoformans strain H99γ was associated with reduced pulmonary fungal burden, increased pulmonary Th1-type and interleukin-17 cytokine production, and classical macrophage activation as evidenced by increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, histological evidence of enhanced macrophage fungicidal activity, and resolution of inflammation. (elsevierpure.com)
We have identified that mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses are activated in aortic aneurysmal disease resulting in vascular smooth muscle cell inflammation, phenotypic switching, and ultimate apoptosis. (umich.edu)
We found that the loss of IL-6 decreased macrophage recruitment to the spleen and the peritoneal cavity during pristane-induced inflammation. (hindawi.com)
Pristane-induced chronic inflammation has been characterized by the continuous recruitment of leukocytes, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages, to the peritoneal cavity and the spleen [ 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cytokines are known to regulate the migration of neutrophils and macrophages during inflammation. (hindawi.com)
The resulting infiltration of tissues by the leukocytes, plasma proteins, and fluid causes the redness, swelling, and pain that are characteristic of inflammation. (medscape.com)

The role of macrophage phenotypes in tumour progression has been extensively reviewed 6 - 10 . (ersjournals.com)
Recent evidence, however, supports a dual role for macrophages in the regulation of tumour proliferation and immune control 10 , 16 , and indicates that the local tissue microenvironment plays a critical role in determining cell phenotypes. (ersjournals.com)
Due to their diverse functions and plasticity, macrophages are able to exhibit markedly different phenotypes, depending on the external signals they receive, e.g., microbial products, damaged cells, or cytokines. (biorxiv.org)
The continuum of macrophage activation and the diverse spectrum of pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes result in nuanced immune regulations [ 31 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Non-activated M0 macrophages can be activated toward pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, thus playing important and diverse roles at all stages of inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
Although this binary classification does not take into account the variety of subcategories of macrophages phenotypes [ 2 ], it can be useful for studying the mechanisms of macrophage viability and activity regulation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)

This study aims to explore the energy metabolism of macrophages under either inflammatory or anti-inflammatory conditions by adding LPS and Met, respectively, using an in vitro and an in vivo model. (nature.com)
Based on our numerical results, we formulate hypotheses that could be further investigated by in vitro experiments to deepen our understanding of macrophage polarization. (biorxiv.org)
TNF-α-mediated bystander assays used a murine coculture system of primary colonic epithelial cells and E. faecalis -infected macrophages ( in vitro ), with an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-deficient mouse model of colon cancer that involves long-term colonization with E. faecalis ( in vivo ). (aacrjournals.org)
In vitro systems are used to differentiate these cells into diverse macrophage subsets to mimic the populations observed in vivo . (biorxiv.org)
There is evidence that 2D or 3D culturing conditions have an impact on the cells' secretome, and here we aimed to compare the secretion of cytokines and growth factors in human MSCs from different sources cultured in 2D and 3D conditions and assess their effect on human macrophages polarization in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate whether Trib3 regulates the polarisation state of macrophages, bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated and polarised in vitro to further characterise their pro- or anti- inflammatory properties. (bmj.com)
Cytokine responses in macrophages were compared following re-exposure in vitro to wood smoke, before and after glutathione depletion. (stir.ac.uk)

This type of hyperinflammatory state is reminiscent of 2 rheumatologic disorders known as macrophage activation syndrome and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, which are characterized by macrophage and T-cell activation. (cdc.gov)
An evaluation of 2 cohorts of patients with EVD revealed that a marker of macrophage activation (sCD163) but not T-cell activation (sCD25) was associated with severe and fatal EVD. (cdc.gov)
These data suggest that host macrophage activation contributes to EVD pathogenesis and that directed antiinflammatory therapies could be beneficial in the treatment of EVD. (cdc.gov)
Hypercytokinemia accompanied by severe clinical disease seen in EVD is reminiscent of what has been described for macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). (cdc.gov)
Macrophages are important immune cells that participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses, such as phagocytosis, recognition of molecular patterns, and activation of the immune response. (frontiersin.org)
Integrative proteomic and precision N-glycoproteomic profiling were conducted to assess the underlying macrophage activation. (frontiersin.org)
Macrophages have different activation states in different microenvironments ( 15 ) and pathogenic stimulation ( 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
A conceptual framework has been developed for the description of macrophage activation with two polar extremes being the most widely studied and best understood. (biorxiv.org)
To understand if polarization of macrophages can lead to a procoagulant macrophage subset we polarized human monocyte derived macrophages to a proinflammatory and an alternative activation state. (haematologica.org)
Human-serum macrophage activation factor (serum MAF) can activate macrophages, making it a promising reagent for anticancer therapy. (iiarjournals.org)
We assessed phagocytic activity to understand subtype responses to typical macrophage activation factors (MAFs) and the activation mechanisms of serum MAF. (iiarjournals.org)
Conclusion: Macrophage activation states and mechanisms are heterogeneous. (iiarjournals.org)
Among the approaches developed for this purpose, the administration of macrophage activation factors (MAFs) is a promising approach due to its patient friendliness ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Unfortunately, despite extensive clinical studies ( 4 ), the macrophage-activation mechanism of GcMAF is poorly understood. (iiarjournals.org)
However, recent years have seen substantial advancement in immunological studies of macrophages with many suggestions that mechanisms to activate macrophages are very heterogeneous, opposing the conventional concept of M1 and M2 binary activation. (iiarjournals.org)
For example, a recent review recommended eight criteria for categorizing macrophage subtypes based on the activation mechanism ( 6 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Each localization and ligand category can be considered a distinct macrophage-activation mechanism ( 5 ). (iiarjournals.org)
We recently developed novel assays for investigating MAF activity, which contributes data towards an improved understanding of macrophage-activation mechanisms ( 7 - 9 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Taken together, these results clearly demonstrated macrophage plasticity and variety in activation mechanisms. (iiarjournals.org)
Here, we report that bone marrow derived macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages differentiated with either M-CSF or GM-CSF show different levels of LRRK2 activation after membrane damage. (biorxiv.org)
The interaction of GCs with macrophages in the immunosuppressive resolution phase upon prolonged TLR activation is widely unknown. (bsz-bw.de)
Activation of metalloproteinases resulted in enhanced sTLR2 shedding. (bsz-bw.de)
Alternative macrophage activation is associated with exacerbated disease in murine models of pulmonary cryptococcosis. (elsevierpure.com)
The present study evaluated the efficacy of interferon-γ transgene expression by Cryptococcus neoformans strain H99γ in abrogating alternative macrophage activation in infected mice. (elsevierpure.com)
We were the first to demonstrate that the histone demethylase, JMJD3, was significantly increased in human and murine abdominal aortic aneurysm disease and resulted in epigenetic activation of multiple proinflammatory pathways (see PMID: 33779682). (umich.edu)
Pristane administration induces macrophage activation [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Compared with controls, the detectable proportion of HIV-1 particles derived from CD14 macrophages and CD26 lymphocytes was increased in persons with acute malaria coinfection and correlated with markedly increased plasma concentrations of both proinflammatory cytokines and soluble markers of macrophage and lymphocyte activation. (lww.com)
Parasite clearance following treatment with antimalarial drugs resulted in decreased detection of HIV-1 particles derived from the CD14 macrophage cell subset and correlated with a marked diminution in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)
Acute P. falciparum malaria coinfection impacts virus-host dynamics in HIV-1-infected persons at the cellular level, notably showing a reversible induction of HIV-1 replication in CD14 macrophages that is associated with changes in immune activation. (lww.com)

Furthermore, it is possible that nSP circulating in the blood can reach the alveolar bone, which is presented in the submucosal layer, as well as various cells such as macrophages and osteoblasts. (springer.com)
Mice deficient in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) develop pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). (wiley.com)
Both techniques have been used to measure iron in alveolar macrophages gathered by bronchoalveolar lavage. (ersjournals.com)
Using the PIXE method, we measured the iron content of alveolar macrophages in healthy subjects, with and without occupational exposure to iron dust, and in patients with pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, Goodpasture's syndrome). (ersjournals.com)
Mean iron content of blood monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils of eight healthy subjects was significantly lower than that of alveolar macrophages. (ersjournals.com)
Rylance J, Chimpini C, Semple S, Russell DG, Jackson MJ, Heyderman RS & Gordon SB (2015) Chronic household air pollution exposure is associated with impaired alveolar macrophage function in Malawian non-smokers. (stir.ac.uk)
We hypothesised that chronic smoke exposure is detrimental to alveolar macrophage function, causing failure of innate immunity. (stir.ac.uk)
Alveolar macrophage particulate content was measured as a known correlate of smoke exposure. (stir.ac.uk)
Results: Volunteers had a range of alveolar macrophage particulate loading. (stir.ac.uk)
The macrophage capacity for phagosomal oxidative burst was negatively associated with alveolar macrophage particulate content (n = 29, r2 = 0.16, p = 0.033), but phagocytosis per se and proteolytic function were unaffected. (stir.ac.uk)
Treatment of human alveolar macrophages (AMs) with the synthetic GC dexamethasone (Dex) did not alter the expression of TLRs -1, -4, and -6. (bsz-bw.de)
2B receptor interference in type II alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells and M2 macrophages. (lu.se)

These findings attribute distinct beneficial effects to different macrophage populations in the context of myocardial infarction. (elifesciences.org)
Materials and Methods: We established four different macrophage subtypes through introduction of different culture conditions to THP-1- and U937-derived macrophages. (iiarjournals.org)
However, how LRRK2 is activated in different macrophage subsets after membrane damage is unknown. (biorxiv.org)

Lys2 is a bacteriolytic enzyme that is primarily expressed in the monocyte-macrophage system 30 . (nature.com)
The laboratory focuses on investigating the regulation of monocyte/macrophage polarization during aortic aneurysm development. (umich.edu)
We are excited to continue our investigations of upstream and downstream regulators of monocyte-macrophage plasticity and smooth muscle cell dysfunction within aortic aneurysmal disease and to further explore clinical projects designed to improve the care of patients with vascular disease. (umich.edu)

In summary, resident macrophages orchestrate inflammatory responses improving cardiac remodelling, while recruited macrophages determine infarct size after I/R injury. (elifesciences.org)
Using state-of-the-art fate-mapping models and genetic and pharmacological targeting approaches, the authors provide solid evidence that the absence of resident macrophages do not influence infarct size but instead alter the immune cell crosstalk in response to injury. (elifesciences.org)
However, the functional evaluation of resident macrophages is limited by potential off target effects in ∆FIRE mice. (elifesciences.org)

Macrophages are immune cells widely distributed throughout the body and are components of innate immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Glycans are one of the four fundamental macromolecular components of all cells and are highly regulated in immune cells, including macrophages. (frontiersin.org)
Macrophages are highly versatile immune cells which, among other roles, eliminate pathogens and damaged cells through phagocytosis. (biorxiv.org)
The Parkinson's Disease (PD) kinase LRRK2 is highly expressed in immune cells such as macrophages. (biorxiv.org)
It was demonstrated that cancer stem cells cause macrophages, which are immune cells in charge of the initial stage of cancer cell death, to undergo senescence. (newkerala.com)

Zheng SM, Chen H, Sha WH, Chen XF, Yin JB, Zhu XB, Zheng ZW, Ma J. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein stimulates CD206 positive macrophages upregulating CD44 and CD133 expression in colorectal cancer with high-fat diet. (wjgnet.com)
Fewer RAW264.7 cells were observed on the titanium surface after NdYAG decontamination than on the contaminated titanium surface expressing the M1-type macrophage marker CCR7, whereas more cells were observed after decontamination than on the contaminated titanium surface expressing the M2-type macrophage marker CD206. (bvsalud.org)

Western blotting confirmed the excision of the floxed Ercc1 allele in Lys2- Ercc1 F/− (referred from now on as Er1 F/− ) peritoneal macrophages (Fig. 1e ), neutrophils and monocytes but not in neurons (Supplementary Fig. 1A ). (nature.com)
In this study, murine peritoneal macrophages were isolated and then activated by LPS, HSV and VSV. (frontiersin.org)
The recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages into the spleen or peritoneal cavity was largely inhibited in the absence of LT α . (hindawi.com)
The loss of TNF α receptor 1/2 resulted in reduced recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells into the spleen, but only neutrophil recruitment was inhibited in the peritoneal cavity. (hindawi.com)
The migration of inflammatory leukocytes, including dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, to the peritoneal mesentery has been shown to be promoted in LAT −/− (lack mature T cells) mice but inhibited in μ MT (lack mature B cells) mice during the pristane-induced immune response [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

Here, we show that persistent DNA damage accumulation in tissue-infiltrating macrophages carrying an ERCC1-XPF DNA repair defect ( Er1 F/− ) triggers Golgi dispersal, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, autophagy and exosome biogenesis leading to the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vivo and ex vivo. (nature.com)
Fig. 1b, c ) or the pancreas and the white adipose tissue (WAT) that are infiltrated with MAC1-possitve macrophages expressing YFP (Fig. 1d ). (nature.com)
Data from nonhuman primate models and human autopsy cases suggest that EVD severity is not a direct effect of tissue damage resulting from destruction of infected cells because only foci of necrosis are observed ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Macrophages are versatile cells that can be polarized by the tissue environment to fulfill required needs. (haematologica.org)
In contrast to monocytes, human macrophages did not show increased tissue factor expression upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. (haematologica.org)
Macrophages reside in all tissues of the body and each population of macrophages within a tissue can take on specialized functions that are tuned to the developmental and functional requirements of that tissue. (haematologica.org)
1 Some tissue macrophages and precursors are already established embryonically in the yolk sac and fetal liver before the onset of definitive hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
6 In addition, these cells are present during early wound healing and proinflammatory macrophages are characterized by a pronounced ability to degrade tissue. (haematologica.org)
Besides scavenging debris, promoting angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and repair, alternatively activated macrophages are able to fine tune inflammatory responses. (haematologica.org)
We here investigated macrophage lineages and ablated tissue macrophages in homeostasis and after I/R injury in a CSF1R-dependent manner. (elifesciences.org)
Insulin resistance and other features of the metabolic syndrome have been causally linked to adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in mice with diet-induced obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
Due to their wide-range of functions in immunity and tissue remodelling, macrophages in vivo are phenotypically heterogeneous. (biorxiv.org)
M-CSF and GM-CSF differentiated human blood monocytes are often used to generate monocyte-derived macrophages as a model for tissue macrophages. (biorxiv.org)
Adipose tissue macrophages (CD11b+ATMs) were isolated from adipose tissue using magnetics beads and the expression of polarisation markers was evaluated by qPCR. (bmj.com)
Results Trib3 deficiency increased subcutaneous adipose tissue mass. (bmj.com)
Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
In a normal test result, the provider will not find sources of bleeding in the small bowel, and will not find any tumors or other abnormal tissue. (medlineplus.gov)

Macrophage abundance and phagocytosis were assessed with immunolabeling for pan-macrophage and phagocytic markers, in conjunction with TUNEL staining in cohorts of C3 KO and WT mice. (molvis.org)
In conjunction, there was a reduction in IBA1-positive macrophages in the outer retina compared to the WT mice and a decrease in the number of CD68-positive cells in the outer nuclear layer and the subretinal space. (molvis.org)
In addition, the engulfment of TUNEL-positive and -negative photoreceptors by macrophages was significantly lower in the C3 KO mice cohort following photo-oxidative damage compared to the WT cohort. (molvis.org)
Extending these observations, colon biopsies from E. faecalis -colonized IL-10 −/− mice exhibited crypt hyperplasia and increased staining for macrophages, TNF-α, netrin-1, NF-κB, Tnfrsf1b, and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen while also displaying a reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
In human/mouse DR5-transgenic Ubc.Cre mice with CIA, transgenic DR5 was most highly expressed on CD11b+ macrophages, with lower expression on CD4+ T cells. (nih.gov)
In human/mouse DR5-transgenic LysM.Cre mice, transgenic DR5 was restrictively expressed on macrophages. (nih.gov)
However, adipocyte and macrophage numbers were increased in the Trib3KO mice. (bmj.com)
The team also demonstrated that supplementing the mice inoculated with cancer stem cells with a molecule called nicotinamide mononucleotide resulted in the proliferation of non-senescent macrophages and reduced the immunosuppressive factors produced by senescent macrophages, preventing tumour growth and leading to increased survival times in mice. (newkerala.com)
In vivo validation results showed significant expression of GBP2b in the tissues of M. bovis -infected mice. (researchsquare.com)
We assessed cardiac response in two experimental models of CKD and tested macrophage and chemokine implication in monocytopenic CCR2 −/− and anti-CXCL10 treated mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results showed that m2 macrophage-like cell transplantation in these mice reduced inflammatory gene expression. (nii.ac.jp)
Macrophage recruitment into the lungs of mice after infection with C. neoformans strain H99γ was comparable with that observed in mice challenged with wild-type C. neoformans. (elsevierpure.com)
In contrast, progressive pulmonary infection, enhanced Th2-type cytokine production, and the induction of alternatively activated macrophages expressing arginase-1, found in inflammatory zone 1, Ym1, and macrophage mannose receptor were observed in the lungs of mice infected with wild-type C. neoformans. (elsevierpure.com)
Mice deficient for TNF α develop defective oil granulomas with reduced recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

98%) is thought to be derived from short-lived lymphocytes ordinarily [ 11,12 ], HIV-1 replication within the macrophage reservoir is increased during mycobacterial and Pneumocystis carinii coinfections [ 13-15 ]. (lww.com)

The elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g., interleukin [IL] 6, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α and 1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and immunomodulatory cytokines (e.g. (cdc.gov)
At the other extreme, M2-like macrophages are induced by the interleukins (IL)-4 and −13, cytokines secreted by activated Th2 cells [ 16 ]. (biorxiv.org)
In macrophage-colony stimulating factor (MCSF) generated macrophages, Sia + IgG induced increased production of numerous cytokines/ chemokines including IL-6, TNFα, CXCL1, and IL-10, and the expression of the macrophage surface marker CD163. (scirp.org)
D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)
The macrophage viability and proliferation of mouse RAW246.7 were analysed, and the macrophage surface markers, macrophage cytokines , and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes were expressed. (bvsalud.org)

In addition, also TF activity was enhanced in extracellular vesicles of alternatively polarized macrophages. (haematologica.org)

M2 (alternatively activated) macrophages are thought to be modulated by IL-4 and -13 and associated with tumour formation. (ersjournals.com)
7 In contrast, alternatively activated macrophages are characterized by increased expression of IL-10 and of scavenger receptors. (haematologica.org)
These alternatively activated macrophages were also shown to harbor highly encapsulated, replicating cryptococci. (elsevierpure.com)

Clinical scores, histopathologic severity, macrophage apoptosis and depletion, and T cell subset development were evaluated. (nih.gov)

Our results demonstrate that pulmonary infection with C. neoformans strain H99γ results in the induction of classically activated macrophages and promotes fungal clearance. (elsevierpure.com)

We provide the first evidence that LOSs inhibit the interaction between mycobacterial cell wall ligands and appropriate macrophage pattern recognition receptors, affecting uptake and elimination of the bacteria by host phagocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

The inability of proinflammatory activated macrophages to respond to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ with an increase in TF production seems to be due to an increase in TF promoter methylation and was reversible when treating these macrophages with a demethylation agent. (haematologica.org)
Specific absence of homeostatic, monocyte-independent macrophages altered the immune cell crosstalk in response to injury and induced proinflammatory neutrophil polarization, resulting in impaired cardiac remodelling without influencing infarct size. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we report that the central proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α acts as a diffusible mediator of the bystander effects induced by macrophages, an effect caused by a proliferation of macrophages that trigger epithelial cell production of Netrin-1, a neuronal guidance molecule. (aacrjournals.org)

Granuloma formation following a pulmonary exposure is dependent on osteopontin (OPN) production by regulating macrophage accumulation. (cdc.gov)
Pulmonary cytotoxicity, inflammatory cell influx, and relative mRNA expression of genes related to macrophage function and recruitment (Ccl2, Ccl22, and Arg1) were increased as a result of MWCNT exposure but not affected by OPN deficiency. (cdc.gov)

In this study, the entire gene expression profiles of M1 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide, M2 BMDMs induced by interleukin (IL) - 4 and IL-13, M0 BMDMs, and M0 BMDMs after 6 h of infection with M. bovis were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. (researchsquare.com)
The completion of rearrangement of the light and heavy chains and the presence of surface IgM results in the immature B cell, which then leaves the bone marrow. (medscape.com)

Our results revealed that nSP exerted higher cytotoxicity in macrophage cells compared with submicron-sized silica particles. (springer.com)
Collectively, the results suggested that nanosilica exerts no effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells, although a detailed mechanistic examination of the nSP70-mediated cytotoxic effect is needed. (springer.com)
Our results suggest that the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis participates in the regulation of pro-imflammatory cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 cells, particularly the generation of IL-1β and IL-18. (spandidos-publications.com)
Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system which play numerous and vastly different functions within the body. (haematologica.org)
Although CD4 T cells are the main targets of HIV infection, macrophages also become infected and resist the cytopathic effects of infection, contributing potentially to HIV reservoir persistence. (nih.gov)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived macrophages were then treated with umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media and their effect on macrophages polarization was assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
ice with healthy immune systems are exposed to cancer stem cells, which cause macrophage ageing and tumour growth. (newkerala.com)
further investigation showed that macrophages cultured with cancer stem cells exhibit senescence or cellular ageing. (newkerala.com)
while the proliferation of T cells was unchanged, their antitumor activity was suppressed due to the immunosuppressive factors produced by senescent macrophages. (newkerala.com)
We are trying to identify virulence genes (genes that evolved in response to the host environment) by screening transposon mutants of C. glabrata for mutants that are specifically altered in adherence to epithelial cells, in survival in the presence of macrophages and PMNs. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
We have developed a therapy that consists of using anti-inflammatory cells called m2 macrophage-like cells. (nii.ac.jp)
This suggests that m2 macrophage-like cells are an effective therapy for alterations in salivary glands caused by immune disorders such as Sjogren's syndrome. (nii.ac.jp)
Phagocytosis was performed by incubation of macrophages for 30 minutes with EA or LA cells in the presence of human serum (HS) and depicted as phagocytosis index (PI, number of Jurkatt internalized by 100 macrophages). (biomedcentral.com)
SAP depletion of serum resulted in a 50% decrease of PI for LA cells, and complete restoration of PI could be demonstrated with SAP reconstitution up to 100 μg/ml. (biomedcentral.com)
SAP binds to late apoptotic cells and is involved in the phagocytosis of these cells by human monocyte derived macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
GLSP reduced the number of foam cells by improving ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages. (thno.org)
Humoral molecules such as antimyelin antibodies and complement likely contribute to the process by directing macrophages to Schwann cells by opsonization. (medscape.com)
However, a deeper shortening of the LOS structure was associated with increased entry of M. marinum into host cells and increased elimination of the bacilli by the macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
The loss of TNF α delayed the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to the spleen and inhibited the recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, B cells, and T cells. (hindawi.com)
Similarly, a lack of B cells significantly impeded the recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells to the spleen. (hindawi.com)
However, only macrophage recruitment was inhibited in the absence of T cells in the spleen. (hindawi.com)
LT α is also required for the recruitment of dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages to the mesentery in response to pristane [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cytotaxins liberated from normal or invading cells that specifically attract macrophages. (bvsalud.org)
Increasing expression of IgD in the transitional cells finally results in the mature B cell with IgM and IgD both expressed on their cell surface. (medscape.com)

The survival advantage conferred by islet macrophage infiltration may be related to their cytotoxic antitumour activity. (ersjournals.com)
Results: Macrophage polarization was the main immune infiltration pattern in GC, and the state of macrophage polarization was closely related to the pathological grading of GC and the clinical stage of patients. (portlandpress.com)
Conclusion: M2 macrophage polarization is the main immune infiltration pattern in GC. (portlandpress.com)

However, the role of macrophage polarization at the tendon-to-bone interface is unclear. (ox.ac.uk)

Under the stimulation of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the initial state of macrophages (M0) can differentiate into M1-like macrophages, which secrete a large number of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic factor, has the strong bactericidal ability. (researchsquare.com)

So on day one, Session 1 will focus on macrophages and the immune system during HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, Session 2 will focus on challenges to study HIV/SIV reservoirs, and Session 3 will really have the highlights from recent awardees of the NIMH/NINDS/NIDA Myeloid Reservoir RFA. (nih.gov)
Here, we review the many functions of autophagy in bacterial infections with a focus on macrophages, the first line of host defenses, and the replicative niche of numerous pathogens. (frontiersin.org)

Macrophages are important effectors of innate immunity. (elifesciences.org)
As the first defense line, macrophage is one of the most important parts of innate immune system and is a cross-link between innate immunity and adaptive immunity. (medsci.org)

Despite extensive research, our understanding of the precise role of different subsets of macrophages in ischemia/reperfusion injury remains incomplete. (elifesciences.org)
To determine the therapeutic efficacy and immunomodulatory effect of an anti-human death receptor 5 (DR5) antibody, TRA-8, in eliminating macrophage subsets in a mouse model of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). (nih.gov)
These results suggest that LRRK2-regulated pathways of endolysosomal membrane damage and repair differ between macrophage subsets. (biorxiv.org)

The N-glycome showed a dramatic change during human monocyte-to-macrophage transition ( 17 ) and murine macrophage polarization ( 18 ). (frontiersin.org)

Different glycans of proteins can result in different immunogenicities and immune functions ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we intend to summarize the current knowledge on the many functions of autophagy proteins in cell defenses with a focus on bacteria-macrophage interaction. (frontiersin.org)
Local blood flow increases to transport the polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, and plasma proteins to the injured area. (medscape.com)

A human/mouse-chimeric DR5-transgenic mouse, under the regulation of a mouse 3-kb promoter and a loxP-flanked STOP cassette, was generated and crossed with an ubiquitous Cre (Ubc.Cre) mouse and a lysozyme M-Cre (LysM.Cre)-transgenic mouse to achieve inducible or macrophage-specific expression. (nih.gov)
MIF plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. (wikipedia.org)
AIM(S) The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the physical and chemical properties of titanium surfaces contaminated by a NdYAG laser with different levels of energy and the regulation of macrophage polarization. (bvsalud.org)

In the extended survival group, M1 islet density was significantly increased compared with M2 density, 70% of islet macrophages were positive for M1 markers versus 38% for M2, and the islet:stromal ratio of M1 macrophages was markedly increased compared with M2. (ersjournals.com)
Sia + IgG also increased the expression of cell surface markers associated with macrophage polarization (e.g. (scirp.org)
Conclusion: More expression of surrogate markers for M2 macrophages was observed in the tendon-to-bone healing process after ACLR using IP-HT versus FTP graft. (ox.ac.uk)

Monocytes activated by tumour-derived microvesicles from pancreatic, colon and lung cancer cell lines have been found to show increased expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and a resulting increase in production of reactive oxygen intermediates and TNF-α 11 . (ersjournals.com)
Genomic deletion of a fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE) in the Csf1r locus resulted in specific absence of resident homeostatic and antigen-presenting macrophages, without affecting the recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages to the infarcted heart. (elifesciences.org)

We also are studying the role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The two candidate substrates are the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in axons and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) on macrophages , which infiltrate injured nerves and clear the inhibitory myelin debris. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

M1 macrophages are associated with the expression of interleukin (IL)-1, -12, TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 7 . (ersjournals.com)

Our data extended prior observations of Sia + IgG on DC function and showed that Sia + IgG was able to differentially modulate multiple pathways in monocytes and macrophages. (scirp.org)
Existing studies on macrophage polarization have identified some of the molecules and signaling pathways associated with M1 polarization. (researchsquare.com)

Conclusion: Chronic smoke exposure is associated with reduced human macrophage oxidative burst, and dampened inflammatory cytokine responses. (stir.ac.uk)
CONCLUSION(S) The NdYAG laser increased the hydrophilicity and roughness of the titanium surface after decontamination , and this change inhibited M1-type macrophage polarization and promoted M2-type macrophage polarization. (bvsalud.org)

There is a marked survival advantage for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) expressing high numbers of macrophages in their tumour islets. (ersjournals.com)
Thus, increasing numbers of macrophages within the tumour islets conferred a marked survival advantage, while increased numbers of macrophages in the tumour stroma were associated with worse prognosis. (ersjournals.com)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key component in the process of angiogenesis, is known to be produced by tumour-associated macrophages 17 , 18 , which have been traditionally reported as M2 macrophages. (ersjournals.com)

Cytoplasmic stress responses in Er1 F/− macrophages. (nature.com)
In this study, we described differences in macrophage responses to typical MAFs. (iiarjournals.org)
Confronting PM 2.5 , macrophages are able to be activated and induce inflammatory responses. (medsci.org)

Low AKR1B10 expression induces M2 macrophage polarization and promotes the malignant transformation of GC. (portlandpress.com)
These results suggested that PM 2.5 induces the inflammatory M1 polarization and TLR4/NF-κB signal transduction pathway might be involved in the process. (medsci.org)

It has also been described that one of the key roles of M2 macrophages is to promote angiogenesis 7 , 10 . (ersjournals.com)
Roles of autophagy machinery in macrophage antibacterial defenses. (frontiersin.org)
Among the PRRs, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and complement receptor 3 (CR3) have been demonstrated to play key roles in macrophage- Mycobacterium interactions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Both in vivo near-infrared imaging of caspase activity and TUNEL staining demonstrated that TRA-8 rapidly induced apoptosis of macrophages in inflamed synovium. (nih.gov)

Welcome to the Macrophage Infection of HIV Implications for Pathogenesis and Cure meeting, jointly organized by the National Institute of Mental Health and the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard. (nih.gov)
So we at the NIMH Division of AIDS Research are very happy to be co-sponsoring this conference with the Ragon Institute, recognizing the importance of macrophages in HIV pathogenesis and cure efforts. (nih.gov)

Macrophage-induced bystander effects have been implicated as an important mediator of chromosomal instability and colon cancer triggered by Enterococcus faecalis , a human intestinal commensal bacteria. (aacrjournals.org)
The anti-human DR5 antibody TRA-8 was efficacious in reducing the severity of arthritis via targeted depletion of macrophages and immunomodulation. (nih.gov)
The present study examined the effects of Sia + IgG on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocyte and macrophage surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. (scirp.org)
Background/Aim: Macrophages are important components of human defense systems and consequently key to antitumor immunity. (iiarjournals.org)
The former is a human group-specific component (Gc) protein bearing an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) moiety, resulting from the treatment of Gc protein with β-galactosidase and neuraminidase ( 2 ), whereas the latter is β-galactosidase/neuraminidase-treated human serum and, thus, thought to contain GcMAF ( 3 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media hold great potential for therapeutic use, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory effect on human macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
MSCs have been shown to suppress both the transition of human macrophages from the M0 to M1 state and the pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages already polarized into the M1 state [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Human peripheral blood monocytes were isolated and cultured for 7 days to obtain monocyte derived macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
Herein, we investigated the interactions between a panel of defined M. marinum LOS mutants that exhibited various degrees of truncation in the LOS structure, and human-derived THP-1 macrophages to address the potential of LOSs to act as pro- or avirulence factors. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the cytotoxicity of four endodontic sealers with different bases - Epiphany (EPH), AH Plus (AHP), Sealer 26 (S26) and Endofill (ENF) - on human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) and mouse macrophages (J774/G8). (bvsalud.org)

We investigate the effect of C3 ablation on macrophage activity and phagocytosis by outer retinal macrophages during photo-oxidative damage. (molvis.org)
The results show that the absence of C3 mitigates the phagocytosis of photoreceptors by macrophages in the outer retina, and the net impact of C3 depletion is neuroprotective in the context of photo-oxidative damage. (molvis.org)

We propose that Trib3 may modulate macrophage polarisation and therefore modulate the immune response to promote obesity. (bmj.com)
The M. marinum surface-exposed lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are immunogenic molecules that participate in the early interactions with macrophages and modulate the host immune system. (biomedcentral.com)

In contrast, continuous CSF1R inhibition led to depletion of both resident and recruited macrophage populations. (elifesciences.org)

Cellular experimental studies confirm that GBP2b was a novel regulatory molecule that promotes M1 macrophage polarization during M. bovis infection and was also an antimicrobial protein that promotes intracellular bacterial clearance. (researchsquare.com)

Anatomy38

Organisms26

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Phenotype22

Inflammation22

Phenotypes7

Vitro7

Activation29

Alveolar12

Different macrophage3

Monocyte-macrophage3

Resident macrophages3

Immune cells5

CD2062

Peritoneal5

Tissue17

Mice14

Lymphocytes1

Cytokines5

Extracellular vesicles1

Alternatively activated3

Subset1

Classically activated macrophages1

Pattern recogniti1

Proinflammatory3

Pulmonary2

Bone marrow2

Cells27

Infiltration3

Role of macrophage1

State of macrophages1

Focus on macrophages2

Innate immunity2

Subsets3

Murine macrophage1

Proteins3

Regulation3

Markers3

Antigen2

Tumor2

Interleukin1

Pathways2

Conclusion2

Tumour3

Responses3

Induces2

Roles3

Apoptosis1

Pathogenesis2

Human10

Phagocytosis2

Modulate2

Depletion1

Promotes1