Responses neurons afferent. Medical search. Frequent questions

Electrical stimulation of these multisensory neurons almost always evoked a complex, coordinated movement that resembled a flinching, blocking, or protecting action. (wikipedia.org)
Twenty-eight of thirty-two (87.5%) neurons responded to mechanical stimulation of somatic fields on head, neck, ears or shoulder. (okstate.edu)
Frequent components of this evolving syndrome are i) ongoing incidences of sharp-shooting sensations referred to the peripheral distribution of the injured nerve and ii) abnormal painful sensations in response to light tactile stimulation of the peripheral body surface. (asra.com)
In the absence of stimulation, otolith afferents display differences in the variability of their resting discharge and can be classified as regular or irregular. (elifesciences.org)
We found that Taxol treatment enhanced the nociceptive behavioral responses to both mechanical and hypotonic stimulation of the hind paw. (jneurosci.org)
In the present study, we demonstrate that TRPV4 plays an essential role in Taxol-induced nociceptive behavioral responses to mechanical and hypotonic stimulation of the hind paw. (jneurosci.org)
Climbing fibre responses were recorded from single cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells on natural stimulation of the skin and on electrical stimulation of nerves to m. biceps brachii, m. triceps brachii and to nine muscles acting as dorsal or palmar flexors of the paw (and, in some cases, the digits). (lu.se)
At doses known to produce behavior al effects, LSD and mescaline (both 5-10 mg/kg)routinely enhanced sympathetic discharges in cats whether evoked reflexly by stimula-lion of spinal afferent fibers or directly by intraspinal stimulation of descending NE excitatory pathways The effects of LSD or mescaline could not be attributed to block of inhibitory 5-HT receptors although some blockade may have occurred. (erowid.org)
Using current-clamp recordings together with stimulation, we observed that larval zebrafish vestibulospinal neurons are silent at rest, yet capable of sustained spiking following depolarization. (eneuro.org)
15. Piercey MF, Schroeder LA. A quantitative analgesic assay in rabbit based on the response to tooth stimulation. (bvsalud.org)

Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are among the most abundant non-neuronal cells in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and closely envelop sensory neurons that detect painful stimuli. (iasp-pain.org)
These results indicate that the level of artemin in the skin modulates gene expression and response properties of afferents that project to the skin and that these changes lead to behavioral sensitivity to both hot and cold stimuli. (jneurosci.org)
However, how the otolith afferents respond to the naturalistic self-motion stimuli experienced during everyday activities remains unknown. (elifesciences.org)
The tooth has an unusual sensory system that converts external stimuli predominantly into pain, yet its sensory afferents in teeth demonstrate cytochemical properties of non-nociceptive neurons. (mdpi.com)
Recently, we demonstrated that TRPV4 can function as a transducer of hypo-osmotic stimuli in primary afferent nociceptors in the setting of inflammation. (jneurosci.org)
LSD augmentation may be representative of synaptic facilitation, suggesting increased reactivity of the visual pathway to afferent stimuli. (erowid.org)
Intrageniculate serotonin, a putative inhibitory transmitter in LGN, decreased each component of the CVEP and TVEP, suggesting both a net decrease inthalamocortical transmission and attenuation of Intrageniculate responses to light stimuli. (erowid.org)
Sensory cortices are inherently dynamic and exhibit plasticity in response to a variety of stimuli. (intechopen.com)
Few studies have revealed that depending upon the nature of stimuli, excitation of the corresponding sensory region also evokes a response from other neighboring connected areas. (intechopen.com)
Our findings suggest that the synergy between sensory afferents and nociceptors conveys more information about tactile stimuli which in turn leads to the robustness of the proposed neuromorphic system against damage to the taxels or afferents. (nature.com)
Indeed, activation of tactile afferents spatially encodes the contact stimuli and sends the tactile information to the upper layers of the somatosensory pathway. (nature.com)
Functionally, they demonstrate calcium responses following mechanical stimuli of the mucosa and during antidromic action potentials. (elsevierpure.com)
If this hypothesis is correct, activity should be registered in neurons sooner for higher-intensity stimuli. (ox.ac.uk)
When stimulus intensity was high, the response onset latency was significantly reduced compared to low-intensity stimuli. (ox.ac.uk)

stimulus receptor afferent (sensory) neuron synapse (transmitter rx) efferent (motor) neuron effector (eg. (brainscape.com)
Is this receptor neuron, an afferent or efferent neuron? (studenthomeworks.com)
Afferent and efferent vagus nerve signaling contributes to this communication. (msdmanuals.com)

The analysis was focused on the functional organization of convergence between cutaneous and muscle afferents onto single olivary neurons. (lu.se)

Contribution of DNMT1 to neuropathic pain genesis partially through epigenetically repressing in primary afferent neurons. (iasp-pain.org)

Graziano has made contributions in three areas of neuroscience: how neurons in the primate brain encode peripersonal space, how the motor cortex controls complex movement, and the possible neuronal basis of consciousness. (wikipedia.org)
The neurons that encode peripersonal space may also provide a neuronal basis for the psychological phenomenon of personal space. (wikipedia.org)
Implementations have been inspired by stereotypical neuronal responses like tuning curves in the visual system, where, for example, ON/OFF cells fire or not depending on the contrast in their receptive fields. (plos.org)
To reconcile robust computations with variable neuronal activity, we here propose a conceptual change of perspective by employing variability of activity as the basis for stimulus-related information to be learned by neurons, rather than merely being the noise that corrupts the mean signal. (plos.org)
In contrast, intraraphe serotonin may increase the tonic inhibitory influence of raphe on LGN, thus decreasing LGN neuronal reaponsiveneasto visual afferent inputs. (erowid.org)
The sequential firing of the swallowing neurons depends on the neuronal circuitry, as well as on the cellular properties of neurons. (nature.com)
We use different mouse models and the latest neuroscience tools to record in vivo neuronal activity and manipulate the specific population of neurons to reveal the potential target for eating disorders. (monell.org)
[ 6 ] GON block decreases afferent input to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, resulting in central pain modulation and reducing neuronal hyperexcitability at the level of second-order neurons. (medscape.com)

The aims of this study were to determine (1) the responses of C 1 -C 2 spinal neurons to gastric distension and (2) the relative contribution of vagal and spinal visceral afferent pathways for transmission of gastric input to the upper cervical spinal cord. (okstate.edu)
Results of these data supported the concept that a group of C 1 -C 2 spinal neurons might play a role in processing sensory information from the stomach that travels in vagal and spinal visceral afferent fibers. (okstate.edu)
The AP along with the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus makes up the so-called dorsal vagal complex, which is the major termination site of vagal afferent nerve fibers. (nih.gov)
However, the AP is not essential for vomiting induced by motion or by activation of vagal nerve afferents. (nih.gov)
Leptin signaling in vagal afferent neurons supports the absorption and storage of nutrients from high-fat diet. (monell.org)
Deletion of leptin receptors in vagal afferent neurons disrupts estrogen signaling, body weight, food intake and hormonal controls of feeding in female mice. (monell.org)
Further feedback is provided by nutrient receptors in the upper small bowel and neural signals indicating distention of the stomach's stretch receptors, which are primarily conveyed by the vagal afferent and sympathetic nerves to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the brainstem. (medscape.com)

however, neurons with inhibitory responses were in laminae III, IV. (okstate.edu)
Within the network, inhibitory connections are thought to play a crucial role in the sequential firing of the neurons. (nature.com)
Confocal microscopy revealed that both excitatory and inhibitory neurons express βAR248. (frontiersin.org)
The evidence of bulbospinal control of sympathetic preganglion ic neurons (SPGN) by excitatory norepinephrine (NE) and inhibitory serotonin (5-HT) pathways prompted the use of this system as a model for studying the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on central monoaminergic transmission. (erowid.org)
In contrast, while some neurons had decreased inhibitory inputs after either ipsilateral or contralateral lesions, there were no systematic changes across the population of recorded neurons. (eneuro.org)
We conclude that imbalance sensed by the utricular otolith shapes the responses of larval zebrafish vestibulospinal neurons through both excitatory and inhibitory inputs. (eneuro.org)

Especially, P2X 3 receptors play an important role in mediating the occurrence and maintenance of pain in neurons of the intestinal myenteric plexus, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal dorsal horn, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex in a rat model of IBS with visceral hypersensitivity [ 14 ], and acupuncture can achieve visceral pain relief through purinergic receptors at different levels of the brain-gut axis. (hindawi.com)
and ii) an exaggerated response of dorsal horn neurons to normally innocuous afferent input. (asra.com)
The development of chronic hyperalgesia within the GI tract can be explained by the development of hyperexcitability of neurons in the dorsal horn in response to peripheral tissue irritation or to descending influences from the brain stem. (medscape.com)
Higher levels are expressed in primary afferent terminals and interneurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn, and in several brain areas important for pain processing [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Analysis of sensory neuron physiological properties using an ex vivo preparation showed that cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors of ART-OE mice had reduced heat thresholds and increased firing rates in response to a heat ramp. (jneurosci.org)
For cutaneous sensory neurons, GDNF supports development of small neurons with nociceptive properties. (jneurosci.org)
Inferior olivary cells projecting as climbing fibres to the forelimb area of the cerebellar C3 zone were investigated with respect to their cutaneous and muscle afferent input in barbiturate-anaesthetized cats. (lu.se)
article{01cb4e2a-19ed-4f9a-9eb0-1d28587102d7, abstract = {{Inferior olivary cells projecting as climbing fibres to the forelimb area of the cerebellar C3 zone were investigated with respect to their cutaneous and muscle afferent input in barbiturate-anaesthetized cats. (lu.se)
Further, genetic ablation of MrgprD neurons which account for approximately 90% of cutaneous non-peptidergic neurons does not appear to affect behavioural responses to several pruritogens [ 8 ], implying an important role for the peptidergic population in itch signalling. (biomedcentral.com)

Some evidence shows that the upper cervical spinal cord might play an important role in propriospinal processing as a sensory filter and modulator for visceral afferents. (okstate.edu)
A variety of injury models have been used to examine the response of the brain such as crush injuries to peripheral nerves, cortical stab wounds, and spinal cord injury (SCI) models. (frontiersin.org)
The spinal cord contains cell bodies for __________ neurons and tracts of __________ going to and from the brain. (flashcardmachine.com)
a neuron carrying nerve impulses to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) from the periphery (other parts of the body). (ashp.org)
A motor unit comprises a motor neuron in the spinal cord or brainstem together with the squad of muscle fibers it innervates. (medscape.com)

In other species, however, for example, cats, opossums, and primates, a variable portion of the lower esophagus is composed of smooth muscle fibers, controlled by central preganglionic neurons and peripheral neurons of the enteric nervous system ( Figure 1b ). (nature.com)
There are two types of neurons in the enteric division. (flashnews.net)
Intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) of the enteric nervous system initiate intrinsic reflexes, form gut-brain connections, and undergo considerable neuroplasticity to cause digestive diseases. (elsevierpure.com)
These mice were used to characterize the morphology and physiology of advillin-expressing enteric neurons using confocal microscopy, calcium imaging, and whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. (elsevierpure.com)

What are two sensations regulated by somatic afferent fibers? (flashcardmachine.com)
The neural elements of somatosensory receptors in the hands and feet represent the distal extreme of long afferent fibers, and thus, are par- ticularly vulnerable in the distal axonopathies. (cdc.gov)

Each neuron also responded to a visual stimulus near or approaching the tactile receptive field. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical enhancement of these neurons produced a "super flincher" state in which any mild stimulus, such as an object gently moved toward the face, evoked a full-blown flinching reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Interestingly, irregular otolith afferents show greater phase locking (i.e., firing only during a specific phase range of the sinusoidal stimulus) at higher frequencies (i.e., 200-3,000 Hz). (elifesciences.org)
To this aim, through electrophysiology in cats, we explored that visual neurons, throughout the cortical column, have a tendency to alter their inherent properties even when presented a non-visual stimulus. (intechopen.com)
This area in space where the presence of an appropriate stimulus will modify the activity of this neuron is called the receptive field of this neuron. (vivu.tv)
The concept of the receptive field is central to sensory neurobiology, because it provides a description of the location at which a sensory stimulus must be presented in order to elicit a response from a sensory cell. (vivu.tv)
The receptive field of an individual sensory neuron is the particular region of the sensory space (e.g., the body surface, or the visual field) in which a stimulus will modify the firing of that neuron. (vivu.tv)
Stimulus intensity modifies saccadic reaction time and visual response latency in the superior colliculus. (ox.ac.uk)

Electroacupuncture (EA) has been confirmed effectiveness in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and P2X 3 receptors in the peripheral and central neurons participate in the acupuncture-mediated relief of the visceral pain in IBS. (hindawi.com)
Our previous clinical and animal studies have also confirmed the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of IBS [ 11 - 13 ] and initially revealed that the P2X 2 , P2X 3 , and P2Y 1 receptors in the peripheral neurons of the colon and in central neurons participate in the acupuncture-mediated relief of the visceral pain in IBS. (hindawi.com)
However, there is still no electrophysiological evidence supporting the participation of P2X 3 receptors in the primary afferent sensory nerve of the colon in the EA-mediated inhibition of peripheral sensitization. (hindawi.com)
The psychophysics of this state clearly emphasize that the pain is evoked by the activation of low threshold mechano-receptors (Aß afferents). (asra.com)
To understand better the cellular mechanisms of NE and its adrenergic receptors in the LA, we used antibodies directed against dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), the synthetic enzyme for NE, or against two different isoforms of the beta-adrenergic receptors (βARs), one that predominately recognizes neurons (βAR 248) and the other astrocytes (βAR 404), to characterize the microenvironments of DβH and βAR. (frontiersin.org)
The receptive field encompasses the sensory receptors that feed into sensory neurons and thus includes specific receptors on a neuron as well as collectives of receptors that are capable of activating a neuron via synaptic connections. (vivu.tv)

Under normal conditions, primary afferents show little if any spontaneous activity. (asra.com)
The enhancement of osmotic nociception involves sensitization of osmotransduction in primary afferents because osmotransduction was enhanced in cultured sensory neurons isolated from Taxol-treated rats. (jneurosci.org)

Given the similarities between chronic itch and pain [ 9 ], and apparently similar subpopulations of sensory neurons thought to mediate these functional pathways, the two circuits may be related, if not overlapping. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, the brain receives input via afferent pathways that ascend from the bladder and provide feedback on how full the bladder is. (medscape.com)

Aninhibitory influence on raphe neurons could explain the hallucinogenic properties of LSD, namely, perceptual disturbances resulting from depression of activity in a system normally inhibiting VEP and other sensory impute. (erowid.org)
Topographic Organization and Neurochemical Identity of Dorsal Raphe Neurons that Project to the Trigeminal Somatosensory Pathway in the Rat. (drexel.edu)

To determine how artemin affects sensory neuron properties, transgenic mice that overexpress artemin in skin keratinocytes (ART-OE mice) were analyzed. (jneurosci.org)
What is the receptive field of a sensory neuron? (vivu.tv)

In both cases, these changes are manifested at the level of circuits and individual neurons as a reordering of gene expression profiles, synaptic strength, and circuit connectivity. (frontiersin.org)

"Effects of LSD, Mescaline and Psilocybin on Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons" Pharmacologist . (erowid.org)

Each multisensory neuron responded to a touch within a specific "tactile receptive field" on the body surface. (wikipedia.org)
Some neurons responded to sound sources near the tactile receptive field. (wikipedia.org)
In the present study, we propose a bio-inspired tactile system with a population of 23 digital afferents: 12 RA-I, 6 SA-I, and 5 nociceptors. (nature.com)
One of the main features of biological tactile afferents is that their distal axon branches in the skin, creating complex receptive fields. (nature.com)
These mechanoreceptors are innervated by the first-order neurons of the tactile pathway. (nature.com)
The experimenters recorded from sensory hairs (sometimes called tactile afferents) on the tailfan of crayfish. (blogspot.com)

sometimes used to designate actions and responses to the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. (ashp.org)
This review focuses on clinical studies comparing differences between men and women in blood pressure over the life span and response to dietary sodium and highlights experimental models investigating sexual dimorphism in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, vascular, sympathetic nervous, and immune systems, endothelin, the major renal sodium transporters/exchangers/channels, and the impact of sex hormones on these systems in blood pressure homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)

The adult cricket auditory system is capable of compensating for the unilateral loss of an ear with robust dendritic sprouting of deafferented dendrites followed by de novo synapse formation with the contralateral afferents [ 3 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Motivated by recent work, we set out to verify and extend the characterization of vestibulospinal neurons in the larval zebrafish. (eneuro.org)
characterized the synaptic inputs and spiking outputs of larval zebrafish vestibulospinal neurons, and proposed a model for this transformation. (eneuro.org)
We expect to know more relatively soon on total numbers, but just to get a quick approximation: People have assumed in the past that there are ~100,000 neurons in the larval zebrafish at this age (we will know for sure for this fish soon). (psc.edu)

Together, our results indicate that irregular and regular otolith afferents use different strategies to encode naturalistic self-motion and static head orientation relative to gravity. (elifesciences.org)
Accordingly, here we directly addressed how otolith afferents encode the gravito-inertial forces experienced during everyday activities. (elifesciences.org)
The innervation pattern enables individual afferents to encode a portion of the geometric characteristics of the touched objects 4 . (nature.com)

The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional pathway that links higher cortical centers with visceral afferent sensation and intestinal motor function. (medscape.com)
Intrageniculate LSD decreased both cortical and local LGN evoked responses in low doses, whereas higher doses enhanced both potentials. (erowid.org)

This ability of light touch evoking this anomalous pain state is de facto evidence that the peripheral nerve injury has led to a reorganization of central processing, i.e. it is not a simple case of a peripheral sensitization of otherwise high threshold afferents. (asra.com)
Activity in sensory afferents originates after an interval of days to weeks from the lesioned site (neuroma) and from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the injured nerve. (asra.com)
Following peripheral nerve injury there is a very significant upregulation in the expression of a wide variety of proteins in the dorsal root ganglion and thus the axon and terminals of the injured primary afferent. (asra.com)
Peripheral nerve injury upregulated DNMT1 expression in the injured DRG through the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein-triggered transcriptional activation of gene. (iasp-pain.org)
Blocking this upregulation prevented nerve injury-induced DNA methylation within the promoter and 5'-untranslated region of gene, rescued expression and total Kv current, attenuated hyperexcitability in the injured DRG neurons, and alleviated nerve injury-induced pain hypersensitivities. (iasp-pain.org)
a neuron carrying nerve impulses toward an effector organ. (ashp.org)
14. Aloe L, Manni L. Low-frequency electroacupuncture reduces the nociceptive response and the pain mediator enhancement induced by nerve growth factor. (bvsalud.org)

the space between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite body of another neuron where a functional connection between them occurs. (ashp.org)
Minimally, a recep- tor includes a peripheral axon terminal of one pri- mary afferent neuron, whose cell body is sited proximally in the dorsal root ganglion. (cdc.gov)

Regular and irregular afferents further display different morphological and physiological features (reviewed in Goldberg, 2000 , Cullen, 2012 and Eatock and Songer, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
Given these physiological observations, the bio-inspired afferents are randomly connected to the several neighboring mechanoreceptors with different weights to form their own receptive field. (nature.com)
In animals ablated as juveniles, this physiological shift translates into recovered rates of behavioral responses after 6 days and recovered oriented responses after 14 days [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Expression of the GFRα3 receptor is primarily restricted to the peripheral nervous system and is found in a subpopulation of nociceptive sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) that coexpress the Ret and TrkA receptor tyrosine kinases and the thermosensitive channel TRPV1. (jneurosci.org)

To reveal the neurobiological mechanism that P2X 3 receptor of colonic primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia of the lumbosacral segment is involved in the alleviation of visceral hypersensitivity by EA in an IBS rat model. (hindawi.com)
EA can regulate the P2X 3 receptor protein and mRNA expression levels in the colon and related DRG of IBS rats with visceral pain and then regulate the excitatory properties of DRG neurons. (hindawi.com)

A second topic concerns the small number of unmyelinated "type II" afferent neurons whose synaptic connectivity and response properties argue for a role as the pathway for noxious (too loud) sound. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

What is the best definition of the receptive field of an afferent neuron? (vivu.tv)
Terms in this set (26) the best definition of the "receptive field" of an afferent neuron. (vivu.tv)

EA also regulated the electrical properties of the membranes, including the resting membrane potential, rheobase, and action potential of colon-associated DRG neurons in the IBS rats. (hindawi.com)
Extracellular potentials of single C 1 -C 2 spinal neurons were recorded in pentobarbital anesthetized male rats. (okstate.edu)

DRG afferents that mediate physiologic and pathologic mechanosensation from the distal colon. (iasp-pain.org)
The properties of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons that innervate the distal colon are poorly defined, hindering our understanding of their roles in normal physiology and gastrointestinal (GI) disease. (iasp-pain.org)

Taken together, the above data provide evidence that some pruritogens are dependent on subsets of peptidergic C-fibre neurons for their effects, though whether these circuits overlap with, or are distinct from, those that mediate neuropathic pain is still uncertain. (biomedcentral.com)

study synaptic connections between sensory hair cells and neurons in the cochlea. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Otolith afferents with higher intrinsic variability transmitted more information overall about translational self-motion than their regular counterparts, owing to stronger nonlinearities that enabled precise spike timing including phase locking. (elifesciences.org)
Using computational methods, we further demonstrated that coupled increases in intrinsic variability and sensitivity accounted for the observed functional differences between afferent classes. (elifesciences.org)

Which receptor neuron is responsible for sending information from her finger to her peripheral nervous system? (studenthomeworks.com)
Explain where the information from the receptor neuron is sent and how does it result in Amy moving her finger away from the stove. (studenthomeworks.com)

Chemical inhibition of these neurons produced a "nerves of steel" state in which defensive reactions were inhibited. (wikipedia.org)

In this way, the impact of the innervation mechanism and collaboration of afferents and nociceptors on sharpness recognition are investigated. (nature.com)

Here, we addressed this fundamental question directly by recording from single otolith afferents in monkeys during naturalistic translational self-motion and changes in static head orientation. (elifesciences.org)
Specifically, studies have not revealed the role played by heterogeneity in the resting discharge variability of otolith afferents in the coding strategies employed by these neurons. (elifesciences.org)
responses were abolished after chronic or acute loss of the utricular otolith. (eneuro.org)

Bilateral cervical vagotomy abolished responses of 4/8 neurons tested. (okstate.edu)
Spinal transection at C 6 -C 7 abolished responses of the other four neurons that still responded to gastric distension after bilateral vagotomy. (okstate.edu)

Key Results: Advillin is expressed in about 25% of myenteric neurons of the mouse jejunum, and these neurons demonstrate the requisite properties of IPANs. (elsevierpure.com)

Calcium responses of chick trigeminal ganglion neurons to methyl anthranilate and capsaicin. (drexel.edu)

The mechanisms underlying this spontaneous pain and the miscoding of low threshold afferent input are not completely understood. (asra.com)
and iii) followed over time by the development of a measurable level of spontaneous afferent traffic in both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. (asra.com)
This ongoing input is believed to provide the source of the afferent activity that leads to spontaneous on going sensation. (asra.com)
Single unit recording from the afferent axon has indicated that the origin of the spontaneous activity in the afferent arises from the neuroma and from the dorsal root ganglia of the injured axon. (asra.com)
Here we report that mice carrying a loss-of-function mutation in the galanin gene (Gal-KO) show no differences in spontaneous behavioural itch responses compared to wild-type (WT) controls. (biomedcentral.com)

These studies provide insights not only to plasticity in the dentate gyrus, but also to the response of neural circuits to brain injury. (frontiersin.org)

Most patients with functional disorders appear to have inappropriate perception of physiologic events and altered reflex responses in different gut regions. (medscape.com)
Together, our work establishes functional consensus and evolutionary context for zebrafish vestibulospinal neurons, a key step toward understanding vertebrate postural stabilization. (eneuro.org)

As humans age, the number of olfactory neurons steadily decreases. (medscape.com)

These collated signals act on two distinct subsets of neurons that control food intake in the ARC, which act as an accelerator and a brake respectively. (medscape.com)

The VSG forms premotor neurons for oral and pharyngeal motor neurons, but esophageal premotor neurons may be located within the DSG . (nature.com)

These results suggest that neither galanin expression, nor the galanin-dependent subpopulation of sensory neurons is required for itch-related behaviours. (biomedcentral.com)

neurons travel to the brain while __________ neurons travel to the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. (flashcardmachine.com)

These hairs are innervated by sensory neurons which relay wind direction information to the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG) forming a map of direction sensitivity [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Next, using a unilateral loss-of-function approach, we characterized the source of vestibular inputs to vestibulospinal neurons from each ear. (eneuro.org)
We observed systematic loss of high-amplitude excitatory inputs after utricular lesions ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to the recorded vestibulospinal neuron. (eneuro.org)
Defining the properties of synaptic inputs to vestibulospinal neurons is critical to understand how sensed imbalance is transformed into corrective behaviors. (eneuro.org)

The pons relays afferent information from the bladder to higher brain centers, which in turn communicate with the periaqueductal gray matter, a relay station that collects higher brain center intput and processes this in order to signal the PMC to trigger or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)

In Graziano's interpretation, these multisensory neurons form a specialized brain-wide network that encodes the space near the body, computes a margin of safety, and helps to coordinate movements in relation to nearby objects with an emphasis on withdrawal or blocking movements. (wikipedia.org)

Examination of the cell body of these injured axons reveals that though they are not injured, they display evident cellular responses indicative of injury, including increased protein expression. (asra.com)
Early studies revealed that in response to deafferentation, axons of remaining fiber systems and dendrites of mature granule cells undergo lamina-specific changes, providing one of the first examples of structural plasticity in the adult brain. (frontiersin.org)
Total path lengths of the axons and dendrites for the different neurons will vary substantially, but this already points to a very tiny proportion. (psc.edu)
paper, you shared an image that highlighted the neurons/axons underlying rheotaxis (orientation/swimming in response to a water current). (psc.edu)

Anatomy105

Organisms19

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations2

Health Care2

Stimulation10

Stimuli14

Efferent3

Muscle afferents1

Repressing in primary afferent1

Neuronal8

Vagal7

Inhibitory6

Dorsal horn4

Cutaneous5

Spinal cord5

Enteric4

Fibers2

Stimulus8

Receptors6

Primary afferents2

Pathways2

Raphe neurons2

Sensory neuron2

Individual neurons1

Preganglionic neurons1

Tactile6

Sympathetic2

Synapse1

Larval zebrafish3

Encode3

Cortical2

Nerve7

Axon terminal2

Physiological3

Nociceptive1

Visceral2

Pathway1

Receptive field2

Rats2

Distal2

Mediate1

Synaptic connections1

Intrinsic2

Receptor2

Inhibition1

Nociceptors1

Otolith3

Vagotomy2

Myenteric1

Trigeminal1

Spontaneous5

Neural1

Functional2

Decreases1

Subsets1

Pharyngeal1

Subpopulation1

Somatic1

Sensitivity1

Inputs3

Centers1

Encodes1

Axons4