Responses cochlear nucleus. Medical search. Frequent questions

The cochlear nuclear (CN) complex comprises two cranial nerve nuclei in the human brainstem, the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) and the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). (wikipedia.org)
The ventral cochlear nucleus is unlayered whereas the dorsal cochlear nucleus is layered. (wikipedia.org)
At the nerve root the fibers branch to innervate the ventral cochlear nucleus and the deep layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), also known as the tuberculum acusticum or acoustic tubercle, curves over the VCN and wraps around the cerebellar peduncle. (wikipedia.org)
Axons from the spiral ganglion cells of the lower frequencies innervate the ventrolateral portions of the ventral cochlear nucleus and lateral-ventral portions of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
The axons from the higher frequency organ of corti hair cells project to the dorsal portion of the ventral cochlear nucleus and the dorsal-medial portions of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
Another pathway, called the dorsal acoustic stria (DAS, also known as the stria of von Monakow), rises above the medulla into the pons where it hits the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus along with its kin, the intermediate acoustic stria (IAS, also known as the stria of Held). (wikipedia.org)
The inferior colliculus receives direct, monosynaptic projections from the superior olivary complex, the contralateral dorsal acoustic stria, some classes of stellate neurons of the VCN, as well as from the different nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. (wikipedia.org)
1. The principal cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) are mostly inhibited by best frequency (BF) tones but are mostly excited by broadband noise (BBN), producing the so-called type IV response characteristic. (johnshopkins.edu)
Previous animal studies have demonstrated that the trigeminal nerve input interacts with the neural activity of the central auditory pathways related to sound perception at the level of dorsal cochlear nucleus [ 13 , 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Noise over-exposure alters long-term somatosensory-auditory processing in the dorsal cochlear nucleus - possible basis for tinnitus-related hyperactivity? (umich.edu)
Stimulus-timing-dependent plasticity in dorsal cochlear nucleus is altered in tinnitus. (umich.edu)
Transcutaneous induction of stimulus-timing-dependent plasticity in dorsal cochlear nucleus. (umich.edu)
Increased synchrony and bursting of dorsal cochlear nucleus fusiform cells correlate with tinnitus. (umich.edu)
Stefanescu, S and Shore, S.E. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors control baseline activity and Hebbian stimulus-timing dependent plasticity in fusiform cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. (umich.edu)
Targeted bimodal auditory-somatosensory stimulation desynchronizes dorsal cochlear nucleus circuitry to reduce tinnitus in guinea pigs and humans. (umich.edu)
The mammalian dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) integrates auditory nerve input with nonauditory signals via a cerebellar-like granule cell circuit. (elsevierpure.com)
Balakrishnan, V & Trussell, LO 2008, ' Synaptic inputs to granule cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus ', Journal of neurophysiology , vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 208-219. (elsevierpure.com)
They have discovered projections from C2 dorsal root ganglion stretching to the cochlear nucleus. (mcmurraychiropracticsolutions.com)
The results of these experiments support our parallel-processing model of the ICC by linking the ITD sensitivity of type V and I units to putative inputs from the medial superior olive and lateral superior olive and by showing that most type O units lack a systematic sensitivity to binaural temporal information presumably because their dominant ascending inputs arise from weakly binaural neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. (johnshopkins.edu)

There are three major fiber bundles, axons of cochlear nuclear neurons, that carry information from the cochlear nuclei to targets that are mainly on the opposite side of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
The median threshold shift for all cochlear nucleus units was 6.8dB and for the colliculus neurons it was 13dBs. (cdc.gov)
The introduction of voltage imaging to the CN creates the opportunity to investigate auditory processing circuitry in populations of neurons targeted on the basis of their genetic identity and their roles in sensory processing.Significance StatementThe cochlear nucleus uses dedicated circuitry to process and interpret information from the ear. (stanford.edu)
By targeting a genetically-encoded hybrid voltage sensor (hVOS) to identify neurons activated during the presentation of sound, the properties and function of these neurons become accessible to study in slices of mouse ventral cochlear nucleus. (stanford.edu)
Responses to amplitude-modulated pure tones have been used extensively to assess temporal properties of neurons across the auditory system. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we show that data obtained from chopper neurons in response to amplitude-modulated tone exhibit more complex synchronised discharge patterns, reminiscent of mode-locked states. (biomedcentral.com)
The longer central processes of the bipolar cochlear neurons unite to form the cochlear nerve trunk. (medscape.com)
Our work has shown that these 'somatosensory' neurons can alter the cochlear nucleus response to sound. (umich.edu)
It can be visualized as a kind of sound map: tones that are close to each other in terms of frequency are represented by neighboring neurons of the cochlear nucleus. (lehigh.edu)
Timing precision is important to cochlear nucleus neurons because their firing pattern is specific for each sound frequency. (lehigh.edu)
The present study investigated the mechanisms by which glutamatergic inputs from the cochlear nucleus regulate intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in developing lateral superior olive (LSO) neurons, using Ca2+ imaging in fura-2AM labeled brainstem slices.AMPA/kainate receptors primarily mediated Ca2+ responses elicited by single stimuli and contributed to Ca2+ responses elicited by low and high frequency bursts by approximately 75% and 50% respectively. (pitt.edu)
A phenomenological model of the responses of neurons in the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON) of the rodent is presented in this study. (tamu.edu)
Pure tones at the characteristic frequency (CF) and broadband noise stimuli evoke offset-type responses in these neurons. (tamu.edu)
Complexins were not detectable in cochlear hair cells but CPX I was expressed in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) that give rise to the auditory nerve. (le.ac.uk)
Similarities of the definitive response map features with those of projection neurons in the auditory brain stem have led to the proposal that the ICC response types are derived from different sources of ascending input that remain functionally segregated within the midbrain. (johnshopkins.edu)
Response properties of neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) were investigated after unilateral cochlear removal at various ages during infancy. (edu.au)
These data show that unilateral cochlear removal in adult ferrets leads to a rapid and dramatic increase in the proportion of neurons in the ICC ipsilateral to the intact ear that is excited by acoustic stimulation of that ear. (edu.au)
In addition, the data confirm that, in ferrets, cochlear removal in infancy leads to a further increase in responsiveness of individual neurons in the ipsilateral ICC. (edu.au)

Auditory nerve fibers, fibers that travel through the auditory nerve (also known as the cochlear nerve or eighth cranial nerve) carry information from the inner ear, the cochlea, on the same side of the head, to the nerve root in the ventral cochlear nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
The ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) on the ventral aspect of the brain stem, ventrolateral to the inferior peduncle. (wikipedia.org)
Three types of principal cells convey information out of the ventral cochlear nucleus: Bushy cells, stellate cells, and octopus cells. (wikipedia.org)
Axons from the ventral cochlear nucleus project through the trapezoid body to the ipsilateral and contralateral superior olivary complex. (slavery.org.uk)
Imaging Voltage Globally and in Isofrequency Lamina in Slices of Mouse Ventral Cochlear Nucleus. (stanford.edu)
In the ventral cochlear nucleus, chopper units have been found to show band-pass temporal responses at high sound pressure level and low-pass temporal responses at low level [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Model SPON neuron received inhibitory input that was relayed by the ipsilateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body from the contralateral model ventral cochlear nucleus neuron. (tamu.edu)

The VCN is further divided by the nerve root into the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN) and the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN). (wikipedia.org)
The major input to the cochlear nucleus is from the auditory nerve, a part of cranial nerve VIII (the vestibulocochlear nerve). (wikipedia.org)
This tonotopic organization is preserved because only a few inner hair cells synapse on the dendrites of a nerve cell in the spiral ganglion, and the axon from that nerve cell synapses on only a very few dendrites in the cochlear nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
In 2018, Dr Shivdasani joined UNSW as a Senior Lecturer in Bionics and Neuromodulation and continues to dabble in various bionics projects related to retinal implants, cochlear implants, neuroscience of touch and nerve stimulation to treat chronic pain. (edu.au)
The cochlear nerve arises from the vestibulocochlear nerve for transmission to the cochlear nuclear complex at the brainstem pontomedullary junction. (slavery.org.uk)
A detailed audiological evaluation, including auditory brainstem responses and auditory middle latency responses analysis, could constitute an objective method for reflecting the functions of the cochlear or auditory nerve to auditory cortex. (encyclopedia.pub)
The eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) or vestibulocochlear nerve is composed of 2 different sets of fibers: (1) the cochlear nerve and (2) the vestibular nerve. (medscape.com)
The peripheral segments of the cochlear and vestibular nerves join at the lateral part of the internal auditory canal (IAC) to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. (medscape.com)
The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from an aggregation of nerve cell bodies in the spiral ganglion, located in the modiolus of the cochlea. (medscape.com)
The longer central fibers, also called the primary auditory fibers, form the cochlear nerve, and the shorter, peripheral fibers extend to the bases of the inner and outer hair cells. (medscape.com)
The division of cranial nerve (CN) VIII into the cochlear and vestibular branches may occur in the medial segment of the IAC or in the subarachnoid space. (medscape.com)
The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAEP) is a complex response to externalstimulation that represents the neural electrophysiological activity of the auditory system at the level of the brainstem, mapping the synapses of the auditory pathways from the cochlear nerve, cochlear nucleus, superior olivary brainstem complex to the inferior colliculus-midbrain 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
In the absence of CPX I, the resting release probability in the endbulb of Held synapses of the auditory nerve fibers with bushy cells in the cochlear nucleus was reduced. (le.ac.uk)
We addressed the function of BK Ca by recording sound-induced responses of afferent auditory nerve (AN) fibers from mice with a targeted deletion of the pore-forming α-subunit of BK Ca ( BKα −/− ) and comparing these with voltage responses of current-clamped IHCs. (jneurosci.org)

Bushy cells (BCs) of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (aVCN) are the first relay station of ascending auditory information. (uni-goettingen.de)

[ 6 ] However, many candidates for cochlear implants do not have access to this procedure, due to failure to recognize appropriate candidates or because of inadequate healthcare resources. (medscape.com)
Although individual responses to cochlear implants are highly variable and depend on a number of physical and psychosocial factors, the trend toward improved performance with increasingly sophisticated electrodes and programming strategies has dramatically expanded indications for cochlear implantation. (medscape.com)
In addition to providing services related to cochlear implants, the Department of Audiology also provides evaluations for the assessment, selection and verification of bone-anchored implantable devices. (rutgers.edu)
Cochlear Americas- cochlear implants (now fitting the Nucleus 6 Speech Processor! (rutgers.edu)
She specializes in cochlear implants in which and has more than 15 years experience in the evaluation for and management of cochlear implants. (rutgers.edu)
In addition to cochlear implants she also works with bone-anchored technology and performs vestibular evaluations. (rutgers.edu)
Relationship between neural response telemetry threshold and T-level behavior in patients with cochlear implants. (sdu.edu.cn)
Objective To explore the relationship between neural response telemetry(NRT)threshold and T-level behavior in patients with cochlear implants, and to explore how we can render NRT more useful for us to obtain the best map for patients with cochlear implants who may not cooperate well to obtain accurate T-level behavior. (sdu.edu.cn)
Cochlear implants in young children[J]. Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 2002, 35(4):925-943. (sdu.edu.cn)
This technical report is an update and supersedes the previous technical report Cochlear Implants, 1986. (asha.org)
Although the original cochlear implants were single channel devices, there are now several commercially available, multichannel cochlear implant systems. (asha.org)
now, the FDA has approved the use of multichannel cochlear implants in prelingually deafened children as young as 12 months of age, and many children younger than 12 months of age have been implanted off protocol. (asha.org)
If traditional hearing aids can't help your child, they may benefit from other hearing solutions, such as cochlear implants and bone conduction implants. (cochlear.com)

Medial nucleus of trapezoid body (MNTB) - Contralateral stimulation. (wikipedia.org)

The lateral lemniscus contains cells of the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, and in turn projects to the inferior colliculus. (wikipedia.org)
The excitatory region of the tuning curve showed a greater loss in sensitivity near CF than below CF. CM, AER, and single units from the cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus showed a loss in sensitivity which was similar to behavioral TTS data. (cdc.gov)
Most frequently, TTS exposure displaced the function to the right, but it did not appear to significantly alter the firing pattern of units in the cochlear nucleus or the inferior colliculus. (cdc.gov)
Hearing effect pulsed microwave exposure increases rat brain glucose metabolism by [ 14 C] 2-deoxy-D-glucose with particular auditory pathway prominence in the cochlear nucleus, the superior olivary complex, the inferior colliculus, and medial geniculate body. (slavery.org.uk)
Modeling Responses in the Superior Paraolivary Nucleus: Implications for Forward Masking in the Inferior Colliculus. (tamu.edu)
Decerebration allows single-unit responses in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) to be studied in the absence of anesthesia and descending efferent influences. (johnshopkins.edu)

BKα −/− AN fibers showed deteriorated precision of spike timing, measured as an increased variance of first spike latency in response to tone bursts. (jneurosci.org)

The vestibular and cochlear (acoustic) ganglia neuroblasts are derived almost exclusively from the otocyst epithelium, in contrast to other cranial sensory ganglia in which both ganglionic and neural crest placodes make extensive contributions to the neuroblast populations. (medscape.com)
Input from the vestibular nuclei and vestibulocerebullum to the cerebral cortex causes what? (freezingblue.com)
Central nervous system (CNS) components that mediate motion sickness include the vestibular system and brain stem nuclei, the hypothalamus, the nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum, and emetic pathways (eg, medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone, vomiting center, and emetic efferents). (msdmanuals.com)

Pure-tone audiometry is used to assess a subject's response to a frequency at a specific intensity measured in decibels. (medscape.com)
In cats, threshold shifts up to 32dB in the frequency following response were observed after a mild TTS exposure. (cdc.gov)
We tested whether modulation of inhibition or excitation in the auditory cortex of male mice could evoke such a variety of effects in tone-evoked responses and in behavioral frequency discrimination acuity. (jneurosci.org)
Indeed, the same optogenetic manipulation in the auditory cortex of different mice could improve or impair frequency discrimination acuity, predictable from the effects on cortical responses to tones. (jneurosci.org)
NMDARs contributed approximately 50% to Ca2+ responses independent of the stimulus frequency. (pitt.edu)
When this procedure is applied to cats, three neural response types (V, I, and O) can be identified by distinct patterns of excitation and inhibition in pure-tone frequency-response maps. (johnshopkins.edu)
BK Ca -mediated currents in IHCs were selectively abolished in BKα −/− , whereas cochlear physiology was essentially normal with respect to cochlear sensitivity and frequency tuning. (jneurosci.org)

Periolivary nuclei (PON) - Ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
Lateral lemniscus (LL) and lemniscal nuclei (LN) - Ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
Focus will be on the lateral superior olivary nucleus (LSO), a binaural nucleus involved in sound localization, in which tonotopically organized ipsilateral and contralateral glycinergic inputs converge on single cells. (neurotree.org)
Cochlear ablation at P5, 25, or 40 resulted in a significant increase in single-unit spontaneous discharge rates in the ICC ipsilateral but not contralateral (P5 only) to the intact ear. (edu.au)
Finally, the data show that responses in the ICC contralateral to the intact ear are largely but not completely unchanged by unilateral cochlear removal. (edu.au)

In determining cochlear implant candidacy, the HINT is performed without background noise, despite its name. (medscape.com)
As noted earlier, when used to assist in the determination of cochlear implant candidacy, the HINT is currently performed in quiet. (medscape.com)
Along with advances in engineering and speech processor design have come changes in the criteria for cochlear implant candidacy. (asha.org)
now, audiometric thresholds are no longer a primary determinant of cochlear implant candidacy for postlingually deafened adults. (asha.org)

The effects of the auditory brainstem response before and after fluoro-gold injection in medial geniculate body. (nel.edu)

Hearing was impaired in CPX I knock-out mice but normal in knock-out mice for CPXs II, III, IV, and III/IV as measured by auditory brainstem responses. (le.ac.uk)
As predicted by computational modeling, bushy cells had decreased spike rates at sound onset as well as longer and more variable first spike latencies explaining the abnormal auditory brainstem responses. (le.ac.uk)

The cochlear nuclei (CN) are located at the dorso-lateral side of the brainstem, spanning the junction of the pons and medulla. (wikipedia.org)

4. By contrast, there is a weak (nonsignificant) positive correlation between the strength of the inhibitory effect of notch noise and the slope/maximal firing rate in response to narrowband stimuli, including BF tones. (johnshopkins.edu)
6. Type IV units can be classified along two continua, according to their responses to narrowband stimuli on the one hand and to wideband stimuli on the other. (johnshopkins.edu)
SPON model responses were also synchronized to the envelope of SAM stimuli with precise timing for a range of modulation frequencies. (tamu.edu)
Modulation transfer functions (MTFs) obtained from the model response to SAM stimuli resemble the physiological MTFs. (tamu.edu)

Synaptic stimulation evoked both short- and long-latency synaptic responses that summated to spike threshold, indicating the presence of a polysynaptic excitatory pathway in the granule cell circuit. (elsevierpure.com)
Their high contribution to Ca2+ responses was consistent with their contribution (30-60%) to EPSPs triggered by stimulation of AVCN-LSO synapses. (pitt.edu)
Auditory brainstem response is a response to external stimulation that represents the neural electrophysiological activity of the auditory system at the brainstem level. (bvsalud.org)
While commercial cochlear implant systems have only been available since the 1980s, the idea of using electrical rather than acoustic stimulation to activate the auditory system in individuals with profound sensorineural hearing loss is not new. (asha.org)

Because preoperative expectations affect the patient's postoperative satisfaction and use of the implant, all patients and families require attention and counseling from an implant team before they embark on the life-changing journey of cochlear implantation. (medscape.com)
The HINT measures word-recognition abilities to evaluate the patient's candidacy for cochlear implantation, in conjunction with conventional pure-tone and speech audiometry. (medscape.com)
Cochlear implantation has been an approved method of treating profound, bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss for persons since the mid-1980s ( House and Berliner, 1991 ). (asha.org)
Similarly, congenitally deaf children initially were not considered suitable candidates for multichannel cochlear implantation. (asha.org)
This technical report is intended to update speech and hearing professionals on the current status of cochlear implantation in individuals with hearing loss. (asha.org)
It provides a brief overview of the history of cochlear implantation and a description of current technology, candidacy criteria, and outcomes in adults and children. (asha.org)
Finally, this document will consider the impact of cochlear implantation on the selection of a communication strategy and educational program for children who are deaf or hard of hearing. (asha.org)

The DCN is therefore in a sense a second order sensory nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
The balance between inhibitory and excitatory stimulus representation in the sensory cortex has been proposed to underlie learning- and adaptation- dependent changes in stimulus-driven responses ( Froemke, 2015 ). (jneurosci.org)
This confound would strongly challenge the conclusion and more precise analyses of the sensory responses in IC and how they relate to behavioral outcomes would also be necessary to make the study more conclusive. (elifesciences.org)
The cochlear nuclei (CN) receive sensory information from the ear and perform fundamental computations before relaying this information to higher processing centers. (stanford.edu)

The shell encapsulates and is extensively connected with the central nucleus of the IC, which forms part of the tonotopically organized core or lemniscal auditory pathway to the primary auditory cortex. (elifesciences.org)

The relationship between the thresholds of neural response telemetry and T or C-levels for children with cochlear implant[J]. Chin Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2002, 9(5):261-263. (sdu.edu.cn)

This electrical signal is transmitted via electrodes to the spiral ganglion cells in the cochlear modiolus. (medscape.com)

Previous research by Burger and Stefan Oline, a former Ph.D. candidate at Lehigh, now a postdoctoral fellow at New York University Medical School, demonstrated for the first time that synaptic inputs-the messages being sent between cells-are distinct across frequencies and that these different impulse patterns are "mapped" onto the cells of the cochlear nucleus. (lehigh.edu)

in this way the tonotopic organization that is established in the cochlea is preserved in the cochlear nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
These projections terminate in the first stop in the brain, the cochlear nucleus, which receives input directly from the cochlea. (umich.edu)
Most remarkably, after deafness, there is a strong enhancement in somatosensory influences on the cochlear nucleus, as if in compensation for the loss of input from the cochlea. (umich.edu)
In order for birds and mammals to hear, hair cells in the cochlea-the auditory portion of the inner ear-vibrate in response to sounds and thereby convert sound into electrical activity. (lehigh.edu)
The tone responses in the cochlea are, essentially, "remapped" to the cochlear nucleus, the first brain center to process sounds. (lehigh.edu)
Although sound encoding in the cochlea proceeds in the absence of complexins, CPX I is required for faithful processing of sound onset and offset in the cochlear nucleus. (le.ac.uk)

The lab's past work demonstrated that in animals with tinnitus (tested behaviorally), the major change in the cochlear nucleus was an increase in excitation from the somatosensory system ( see press release ). (umich.edu)

Researchers are working to find the pathway and understand better how spinal nerves like those of C2 (the second cervical spine segment) have an effect on auditory responses (hearing). (mcmurraychiropracticsolutions.com)

Additionally, over the course of the last two decades, technological developments in cochlear implant design have yielded substantial gains in spoken word recognition for the average multichannel cochlear implant user. (asha.org)

Chopper unit responses to amplitude-modulated tones: does stochastic mode-locking theory allow a more accurate characterisation of observed temporal structure? (biomedcentral.com)

All acoustic information thus enters the brain through the cochlear nuclei, where the processing of acoustic information begins. (wikipedia.org)
I studied the auditory perception of two types of temporal modulations of the acoustic signal, the temporal envelope and the temporal fine structure cues, using various approaches (psychophysics, computer modeling and electrophysiology in the cochlear nucleus). (ens.fr)
However, the precise therapeutic intervention must be based on a deeper understanding of its dynamic molecular distribution and function in cochlear pathogenesis after acoustic trauma. (frontiersin.org)

Ms. Lisa Bell is the Audiology Director of the Cochlear Implant Center of New Jersey and the Lead Clinical Audiologist at University Hospital. (rutgers.edu)

For patients with hearing loss that is not mitigated by hearing aids, a cochlear implant may provide an opportunity for hearing. (medscape.com)
About 736,900 registered cochlear implant devices had, as of December 2019, been placed in patients worldwide. (medscape.com)

Sound exposure did not appear to affect the direct current endocochlear potential in chinchillas, but cochlear microphonic (CM) potential showed a loss of sensitivity and a reduction of maximum voltage. (cdc.gov)
The primary dysfunction for TTS was in the hair cells as indicated by CM loss in sensitivity and auditory evoked response (AER) threshold shift. (cdc.gov)
This study extends our characterization of the functional segregation of single-unit activity in the ICC by investigating how sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs) is related to the response types that are observed in decerebrate cats. (johnshopkins.edu)

These responses can be organised around an Arnol'd tongue structure of a periodically forced model accounting for the sub-threshold properties of the T-multipolar cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Microwave hearing reports are here reviewed along with studies of brain responses after hallucination for comparison of mechanisms, and observations consistent with simulated hallucination that indicate activation of the hearing pathway. (slavery.org.uk)
The output of the proposed SPON model provides an input for models of physiological responses at higher levels of the ascending auditory pathway and can also be utilized to infer possible mechanisms underlying gap detection and duration encoding as well as forward masking at the level of the auditory midbrain. (tamu.edu)

At each mapping procedure, the NRT thresholds of electrodes 1, 11, and 20 based on the evoked responses were tested. (sdu.edu.cn)

We measured the rate-level function (response rate as function of stimulus level) for each stimulus. (johnshopkins.edu)
General rule is that there can be no more than one stimulus presented in the same analysis window, or else overlapped and time-shifted responses will be averaged. (evokedpotential.com)
Responses of the proposed model to pure tones at CF and broadband noise were offset-type independent of the duration of the input stimulus. (tamu.edu)
Motion sickness is a normal physiologic response to a provocative stimulus. (msdmanuals.com)

The human gut harbors a complex ecosystem of microbial communities, consisting of commensal inhabitants, which play crucial roles in maintaining gut homeostasis, regulating host metabolism, and modulating immune responses. (uni-goettingen.de)
those lacking a functional vestibulo-cochlear system are immune to motion sickness. (msdmanuals.com)

Changes in neural population responses consistently predicted behavioral changes for individuals separately, including improvement and impairment in acuity. (jneurosci.org)

It should be noted that cochlear implant technologies, and thus cochlear implant outcomes, are continually evolving. (asha.org)

The cochlear implant is a surgically placed device that converts sound to an electrical signal. (medscape.com)

Here, we have presented the spatiotemporal dynamics of the expression of HMGB1, exhibiting distribution variability in specific cochlear regions and cells following noise exposure. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy31

Organisms8

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology9

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations2

Health Care1

Dorsal20

Neurons18

Ventral7

Nerve14

Anteroventral cochlear nucleus1

Implants13

Trapezoid body1

Inferior6

Fibers1

Vestibular3

Frequency7

Contralateral5

Implant candidacy4

Medial geni1

Brainstem responses2

Lateral1

Stimuli4

Stimulation4

Implantation7

Sensory4

Central nucleus1

Neural response1

Modiolus1

Inputs1

Cochlea6

Tinnitus1

Nerves1

Additionally1

Chopper1

Acoustic3

Audiology1

Patients2

Sensitivity3

Threshold1

Mechanisms2

Thresholds1

Stimulus4

Immune2

Behavioral1

Outcomes1

Sound1

Cells1