Response mechanisms motif proteins interferon inducers. Medical search. Frequent questions

Whereas the Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) is a known potent inducer of PD-L1, the EBV miRNA miR-BamH1 fragment H rightward open reading frame 1 (BHRF1) 2-5p has been shown to regulate LMP1 induced PD-L1 expression. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we tested five bacterial diguanylate cyclases from the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella Enteritidis, identifying AdrA as the most potent inducer of a STING-mediated IFN response. (unav.edu)
IL-6, interestingly, does not seem to stimulate the production of collagenase, but is a potent inducer of TIMP-1. (biomedcentral.com)

While there is evidence to suggest other signaling mechanisms exist, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is the best-characterised and commonly accepted IFN signaling pathway. (wikidoc.org)

To further elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) by which AdrA confers its antiviral function, the response in mice deficient in STING or its downstream effector molecules was analyzed. (unav.edu)
Neutralizing antiviral B cell responses. (smw.ch)
However, the impact of silencing as a mammalian antiviral defense mechanism and the ability of mammalian viruses to suppress silencing in natural host cells have remained controversial. (moam.info)
Mitochondria are also platforms for antiviral signalling2 and, due to their bacterial origin, mtDNA and other mitochondrial components trigger innate immune responses and inflammatory pathology2,3. (regenerativemedicine.net)
We showed previously that cytoplasmic release of mtDNA activates the cGAS STING TBK1 pathway resulting in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression that promotes antiviral immunity4. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Comparative functional multiomics showed that blood proteins induce distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional programs in microglia and macrophages, such as redox, type I interferon and lymphocyte recruitment. (nature.com)
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an inhibitory receptor, similar to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), that negatively regulates the immune response. (cnrs.fr)

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, is crucial in the recruitment of inflammatory and immunological cells to the place of inflammation or infection, T- and B-lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells and natural killer cells are all capable of producing large amounts of MIP-1. (bvsalud.org)
In the mouse, it has been shown that classically activated macrophages (induced by type I helper T cells or a combination of LPS and interferon-gamma) greatly upregulate PD-L1. (wikipedia.org)
It has been shown by STAT1-deficient knock-out mice that STAT1 is mostly responsible for upregulation of PD-L1 on macrophages by LPS or interferon-gamma, but is not at all responsible for its constitutive expression before activation in these mice. (wikipedia.org)
The RNA sequencing in mouse peritoneal macrophages and subsequent network pharmacological analysis were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of QFPD. (xiahepublishing.com)
This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. (nih.gov)
Using mice with an engineered ERCC1-XPF defect in tissue-infiltrating macrophages, we provide evidence for a fundamental mechanism by which irreparable DNA damage triggers an exosome-based, metabolic reprogramming that leads to chronic inflammation and tissue pathology in NER progeroid syndromes and likely also during aging. (nature.com)
Cytoplasmic stress responses in Er1 F/− macrophages. (nature.com)

We also discuss normal synthesis of tachykinins and their receptors, yet focus on their regulation by microRNA, messenger RNA stabilizing proteins, and transcription factors like Restrictive Element-1 Silencing Factor (REST). (brainimmune.com)
Interferons and IL-4 decrease collagen synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Each origin is initiated by a combination of regulatory proteins that prepare the chromatin for replication before synthesis (S)-phase entry. (bmj.com)
Dissociation of rabies virus matrix protein functions in regulation of viral RNA synthesis and virus assembly. (microbiologyresearch.org)
These include functions that promote viral gene transcription, inhibition of host mRNA processing, increased degradation of mRNA, and a shutoff of host protein synthesis (29, 52, 58). (moam.info)

In this way, interferon-gamma can induce PD-L1 protein expression by inhibiting gene-mediated suppression of mRNA translation. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, from an immunologic point of view, peptides derived from p190-breakpoint area are leukemia-specific antigens that may be employed as therapeutic vaccine with the purpose to induce a T cell response toward p190+ leukemia cells. (hindawi.com)

Ichinohe T, Lee HK, Ogura Y, Flavell R, Iwasaki A. Inflammasome recognition of influenza virus is essential for adaptive immune responses. (smw.ch)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
In addition, HSV-1 encodes functions that interfere with host defense mechanisms, including innate and adaptive immune responses (47). (moam.info)

Type I interferons can also upregulate PD-L1 on murine hepatocytes, monocytes, DCs, and tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
Interferons (IFNs) are natural proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges by foreign agents such as viruses , parasites and tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)

Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1α) triggers migration and signaling cascades mediating survival and proliferation in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. (bvsalud.org)
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α, CCL3) is a chemokine mainly involved in cell adhesion and migration. (bvsalud.org)
Interferon pathway-related cytokines/chemokines, including interleukin (IL) 18, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α, and IL-33, were elevated, but tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, CXCL8 (formerly IL-8), and cytokines acting through C-C chemokine receptor 2 and CCR5 were lower among case-patients than controls. (cdc.gov)
Meanwhile, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) expression levels were upregulated in nontumoral liver tissue from the end of Week 13 of CDAA-HF-T(-) feeding to the end of Week 63. (bvsalud.org)

Interferons belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines . (wikidoc.org)
Interferon pathway activation and cytokines/chemokines acting through CCR2 and CCR5 improved health results among children with severe CCHF. (cdc.gov)

Resting human cholangiocytes express PD-L1 mRNA, but not the protein, due to translational suppression by microRNA miR-513. (wikipedia.org)
After phosphorylation, eIF2 has a reduced ability to initiate translation, the production of proteins coded by cellular mRNA . (wikidoc.org)

Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Involvement of nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, and matrix protein genes of rabies virus in virulence for adult mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)

They then start producing large amounts of a protein known as protein kinase R (or PKR ). (wikidoc.org)
Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) is a high-risk acute leukemia with poor prognosis, in which the specific t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation results in a chimeric bcr-abl (e1a2 breakpoint) and in a 190 KD protein (p190) with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. (hindawi.com)
q11) resulting in a chimeric bcr-abl (e1a2 breakpoint) fusion gene that encodes a 190 KD protein (p190) with constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity that can alter multiple signaling pathways, contributing to tumor growth and proliferation. (hindawi.com)
Before the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the outcome of Ph+ ALL patients not eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) was characterized by an extremely poor prognosis, a weak response to most chemotherapy combinations, short remission durations, and poor survival rates. (hindawi.com)
The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)
Dr. Gray has also developed structure-based, generalized approaches for designing drugs to overcome one of the most common mechanisms of resistance observed against most kinase inhibitor drugs, mutation of the so-called 'gatekeeper' residue, which has been observed in resistance to drugs targeting BCR-ABL, c-KIT and PDGFR. (stanford.edu)
Additionally, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L) extracellular result was significantly reduced at 100 nM EB1089 and intracellular IL-10. (synanet2020.com)

The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)

A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON and is chemotactic for MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)

Furthermore, interferon leads to upregulation of MHC I and therefore to increased presentation of viral peptides to cytotoxic CD8 T cells, as well as to a change in the proteasome (exchange of some beta subunits by b1i, b2i, b5i - then known as the immunoproteasome) which leads to increased production of MHC I compatible peptides. (wikidoc.org)

These EV contain a lipid bilayer associated to membrane proteins. (frontiersin.org)

Moreover, we showed that Acanthamoeba produces severe HBMEC cytotoxicity by secreting extracellular proteases, as well as using contact-dependent mechanisms such as phagocytosis ( 12 ), which may play an important role in blood-brain barrier perturbations. (asm.org)
However, how microglia integrate extracellular signals at sites of cerebrovascular damage and the specificity of blood proteins controlling innate immune cell polarization in disease remain poorly understood. (nature.com)

Interferons are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA , a key indicator of viral infection. (wikidoc.org)
Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural killer cells, increasing antigen presentation to lymphocytes, and inducing the resistance of host cells to viral infection. (wikidoc.org)
The RNA silencing response to viral infection is so robust that all major groups of plant viruses examined to date, including those with DNA genomes, have been shown to encode one or more RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs) which act as pathogenicity determinants (4, 34). (moam.info)

GmBEHL1, a BES1/BZR1 family protein, negatively regulates soybean nodulation. (pubchase.com)
A Pelota-like gene regulates root development and defence responses in rice. (pubchase.com)

The PD-L1 gene promoter region has a response element to IRF-1, the interferon regulatory factor. (wikipedia.org)

DNA damage and metabolic disorders are intimately linked with premature disease onset but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. (nature.com)

To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)

One study ( 10 ) reported interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL) 10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to be associated with high viral load and disease severity. (cdc.gov)

In 2003, B7-H1 was shown to be expressed on Myeloid cells as checkpoint protein and was proposed as potential target in cancer immunotherapy in human clinic. (wikipedia.org)
The gene that codes for this cytokine is switched on in an infected cell, and the interferon synthesized and secreted to surrounding cells. (wikidoc.org)
However, these cells have received interferon, which essentially warns these other cells that there's a wolf in the pack of sheep. (wikidoc.org)
Acanthamoeba binding to HBMEC is mediated by a mannose-binding protein expressed on the surface of Acanthamoeba cells ( 2 ). (asm.org)
Protein expression and function of organic anion transporters in short-term and long-term cultures of Huh7 human hepatoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
Peptides derived from p190-breakpoint area are leukemia-specific antigens that may mediate an antitumor response toward p190+ leukemia cells. (hindawi.com)
In this setting, we found that the best antileukemia immune response was mediated by CD4+ T cells specific for an HLA class II "size" p210 breakpoint-derived peptide included in the vaccine. (hindawi.com)
Specifically, the timely orchestration of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, based on the activation and inhibition of various cell types, such as tissue-resident cells and different types of immune cells, can significantly impact wound repair [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, how blood proteins polarize innate immune cells remains largely unknown. (nature.com)
We report a blood-induced microglia gene network and show that blood proteins elicit distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional changes and signaling programs in innate immune cells. (nature.com)
Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
Any obstacles encountered by cells in this process can lead to 'replicative stress' ( Figure 1 ), 1 which may be overcome by replicative stress response proteins, but deficiencies in this response result in accumulated errors in DNA replication and loss of genomic integrity, which lead to cell death. (bmj.com)
Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
First, γδ T cells exposed to complicated cytokine networks are potentially affected by multiple inhibitory mechanisms. (explorationpub.com)
These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. (explorationpub.com)
This silencing response leads to reduced levels of viral proteins, and in the case of cells infected with an RNA virus, viral sense or antisense genomes can also be targeted for degradation by siRNA. (moam.info)
4 , 13 Complement plays a crucial role in host defense against foreign bodies by promoting phagocyte-mediated clearance of cell debris through activation of an inflammatory response, opsonization of pathogens, and lysis of susceptible bacteria and cells. (jrheum.org)
Reports claim that just immature NK cell populations are influenced C188-9 by calcitriol treatment leading to impaired cytotoxic function and cytokine creation, while mature NK cells may have little if any response. (synanet2020.com)
The study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of ethanol extract of saffron (EES) on corticosterone (CORT)- induced injury in PC12 cells and further explored its potential mechanism. (jsce-ip.com)
Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Hence, susceptibility to infection can be characterized by a construct that involves not only gene expression patterns of the host but also that of the microorganism, both of which continue to adapt in response to external stimuli. (hindawi.com)

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a 40kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that has been speculated to play a major role in suppressing the adaptive arm of immune systems during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease and other disease states such as hepatitis. (wikipedia.org)
Another reported that IL-10, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10, formerly IFN-γ inducible protein 10) and CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, formerly monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) levels were higher in patients with high viral loads ( 12 ), but patients with severe disease had higher levels of CXCL10 and CCL2 than did patients with less-severe cases. (cdc.gov)

Blood protein extravasation through a disrupted blood-brain barrier and innate immune activation are hallmarks of neurological diseases and emerging therapeutic targets. (nature.com)

Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. (lookformedical.com)

Virus replication leads to the production of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), which triggers the RNA silencing response and robust production of siRNA. (moam.info)

However, the host intracellular signaling pathways and the molecular mechanisms associated with Acanthamoeba -mediated HBMEC cytotoxicity have not been determined. (asm.org)
More specifically, substrates with certain FYVE domains (named after the first four proteins in this motif, Fab1, YotB, Vac1p, and EEA1) bind PIP, and these pathways have been implicated in vesicular trafficking or receptor-mediated endocytosis ( 5 ). (asm.org)

Moreover, the identification of fork protection as a key mechanism of resistance to chemo- and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy in ovarian cancer further increases the priority that should be accorded to the development of strategies targeting replicative stress. (bmj.com)

The binding of PD-L1 to the inhibitory checkpoint molecule PD-1 transmits an inhibitory signal based on interaction with phosphatases (SHP-1 or SHP-2) via Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Switch Motif (ITSM). (wikipedia.org)

7 - 9 A TMA is called "primary" when a genetic or acquired defect in a complement protein is identified (as in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome [aHUS]) or "secondary" when occurring in the context of another disease process or factor such as infection, autoimmune disease, malignancy, or drugs. (jrheum.org)

In this review we use influenza vaccine as a model in a discussion of the different mechanisms of action of the available adjuvants. (smw.ch)
However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. (mdpi.com)

Garcia-Sastre A. Induction and evasion of type I interferon responses by influenza viruses. (smw.ch)
A Putative Mechanism for Magnetoreception by Electromagnetic Induction in the Pigeon Inner Ear. (imp.ac.at)

This prevents viral replication and inhibits normal cell ribosome function, killing both the virus and the host cell if the response is active for a sufficient amount of time. (wikidoc.org)
577Role of Cellular Proteins in RV Replication. (vdocuments.net)

Immune responses to influenza virus infection. (smw.ch)
Infection with Nishigahara and Ni-CE mutants containing a single amino acid substitution in the matrix protein (M) demonstrated that the amino acid at position 95 of M (M95) is a cytopathic determinant. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which M95 affects cell death induced by human neuroblastoma cell infection with the Nishigahara, Ni-CE and M95-mutated strains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Malaria-specific antibody responses and parasite persistence after infection of mice with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi. (mdc-berlin.de)

The dsRNA acts like a trigger for the production of interferon (via Toll Like Receptor 3 ( TLR 3 ) a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system which leads to activation of the transcription factor IRF3 and late phase NF kappa Beta). (wikidoc.org)
The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. (lookformedical.com)

Genetic elimination of the fibrinogen-binding motif to CD11b in Alzheimer's disease mice reduced microglial lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative signatures that were shared with autoimmune-driven neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis mice. (nature.com)

The mechanism involves inhibition of ZAP70 phosphorylation and its association with CD3ζ. (wikipedia.org)
His research utilizes the tools of synthetic chemistry, protein biochemistry, and cancer biology to discover and validate new strategies for the inhibition of anti-cancer targets. (stanford.edu)

The type I interferons present in humans are IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-ω [1] . (wikidoc.org)
The vaccine-induced immune response is influenced by: (i.) vaccine factors i.e., type and composition of the antigen(s), (ii. (smw.ch)
The ability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to suppress silencing was examined in a transient expression system that employed an imperfect hairpin to target degradation of transcripts encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). (moam.info)

Cutaneous wound healing is a temporally- and spatially-synchronized cascade of cellular and immune responses dedicated to re-establishing skin integrity and function [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Such temporally- and spatially-coordinated interplay necessitates tight regulation to prevent collateral damage such as overshooting immune responses and excessive inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)

The present study aims to determine the role and molecular mechanism of QFPD in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. (xiahepublishing.com)
Finally, Tfam+/− mice exposed to ionizing radiation exhibit enhanced nDNA repair responses in spleen. (regenerativemedicine.net)

A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. (lookformedical.com)

A summary of current TAMs-targeting immunotherapeutic mechanisms based on functional nanomedicines for TAMs elimination and/or repolarization is further presented. (thno.org)
To discover the molecular programs controlling microglial and macrophage polarization by blood proteins, we developed an unbiased blood-innate immunity multiomic and genetic loss-of-function pipeline consisting of deep sequencing of blood-induced transcriptomes, functional single-cell and oxidative stress transcriptomics, global phosphoproteomics and integration with innate immune signatures from AD and MS models (Extended Data Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)

PPEY motif within the rabies virus (RV) matrix protein is essential for efficient virion release and RV pathogenicity. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The PKR is indirectly activated by the dsRNA (actually by 2'-5' oligoadenylate produced by the 2'-5' oligoadenylate-synthetase which is produced due to TLR3 activation), and begins transferring phosphate groups ( phosphorylating ) to a protein known as eIF-2 , a eukaryotic translation initiation factor. (wikidoc.org)

Moreover, our study provides a resource for the investigation of the immunology of blood proteins in inflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. (nature.com)

Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 concentrations and prostate cancer risk: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. (mdc-berlin.de)

In stressful environments, physiological stress responses of individuals are initiated and integrated via the release of hormones, such as corticosterone (CORT). (jsce-ip.com)

Vaccines offer the potential to prime a pathogen-specific immune response and subsequently reduce disease burden. (smw.ch)

Chiu C, Wrammert J, Li GM, McCausland M, Wilson PC, Ahmed R. Cross-reactive humoral responses to influenza and their implications for a universal vaccine. (smw.ch)

In addition, IL-33 treatment impaired epithelial barrier permeability in vitro and in vivo, whereas absence of ST2 enhanced wound healing response upon acute mechanical injury in the colon. (bmj.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms2

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes10

Information Science4

Potent inducer3

Signaling pathway1

Antiviral6

Lymphocyte2

Macrophages7

Synthesis5

Induce2

Adaptive immune responses3

Tumor cells3

Macrophage inflamm4

Cytokines2

MRNA2

Genes3

Kinase7

Encodes1

Chemotactic1

Upregulation1

Membrane1

Extracellular2

Viral infection3

Regulates2

Regulatory1

Remain poorly understood1

Apoptosis2

Interleukin1

Cells20

Gene expression1

Ligand3

Blood-brain b1

Chemokines1

SiRNA1

Pathways2

Resistance1

Inhibitory1

Complement protein1

Different mechanisms2

Induction2

Replication2

Infection4

Receptor2

Lipid metabolism1

Inhibition2

Type3

Cellular1

Regulation1

Mice2

Immune cell1

Functional2

Essential1

DsRNA1

Inflammatory1

Factor1

Stress responses1

Vaccines1

Implications1

Acute1